gitglossary.html

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 440 </head>
 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>gitglossary(7) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>gitglossary - A Git Glossary</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="paragraph">
 454 <p>*</p>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="dlist">
 462 <dl>
 463 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_alternate_object_database"></a>alternate object database</dt>
 464 <dd>
 465 <p>Via the alternates mechanism, a <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>
 466 can inherit part of its <a href="#def_object_database">object database</a>
 467 from another object database, which is called an "alternate".</p>
 468 </dd>
 469 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_bare_repository"></a>bare repository</dt>
 470 <dd>
 471 <p>A bare repository is normally an appropriately
 472 named <a href="#def_directory">directory</a> with a .<code>git</code> suffix that does not
 473 have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
 474 revision control. That is, all of the Git
 475 administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
 476 hidden .<code>git</code> sub-directory are directly present in the
 477 <code>repository.git</code> directory instead,
 478 and no other files are present and checked out. Usually publishers of
 479 public repositories make bare repositories available.</p>
 480 </dd>
 481 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_blob_object"></a>blob object</dt>
 482 <dd>
 483 <p>Untyped <a href="#def_object">object</a>, e.g. the contents of a file.</p>
 484 </dd>
 485 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_branch"></a>branch</dt>
 486 <dd>
 487 <p>A "branch" is a line of development.  The most recent
 488 <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
 489 that branch.  The tip of the branch is <a href="#def_ref">referenced</a> by a branch
 490 <a href="#def_head">head</a>, which moves forward as additional development
 491 is done on the branch.  A single Git
 492 <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> can track an arbitrary number of
 493 branches, but your <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> is
 494 associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
 495 branch), and <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> points to that branch.</p>
 496 </dd>
 497 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_cache"></a>cache</dt>
 498 <dd>
 499 <p>Obsolete for: <a href="#def_index">index</a>.</p>
 500 </dd>
 501 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_chain"></a>chain</dt>
 502 <dd>
 503 <p>A list of objects, where each <a href="#def_object">object</a> in the list contains
 504 a reference to its successor (for example, the successor of a
 505 <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> could be one of its <a href="#def_parent">parents</a>).</p>
 506 </dd>
 507 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_changeset"></a>changeset</dt>
 508 <dd>
 509 <p>BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<a href="#def_commit">commit</a>". Since Git does not
 510 store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
 511 "changesets" with Git.</p>
 512 </dd>
 513 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_checkout"></a>checkout</dt>
 514 <dd>
 515 <p>The action of updating all or part of the
 516 <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> with a <a href="#def_tree_object">tree object</a>
 517 or <a href="#def_blob_object">blob</a> from the
 518 <a href="#def_object_database">object database</a>, and updating the
 519 <a href="#def_index">index</a> and <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> if the whole working tree has
 520 been pointed at a new <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>.</p>
 521 </dd>
 522 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_cherry-picking"></a>cherry-picking</dt>
 523 <dd>
 524 <p>In <a href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
 525 changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
 526 as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
 527 performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
 528 by an existing <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> and to record it based on the tip
 529 of the current <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> as a new commit.</p>
 530 </dd>
 531 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_clean"></a>clean</dt>
 532 <dd>
 533 <p>A <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> is clean, if it
 534 corresponds to the <a href="#def_revision">revision</a> referenced by the current
 535 <a href="#def_head">head</a>. Also see "<a href="#def_dirty">dirty</a>".</p>
 536 </dd>
 537 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_commit"></a>commit</dt>
 538 <dd>
 539 <p>As a noun: A single point in the
 540 Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
 541 set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
 542 used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
 543 use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
 544 hand for <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>.</p>
 545 <div class="paragraph">
 546 <p>As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project&#8217;s
 547 state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
 548 state of the <a href="#def_index">index</a> and advancing <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a>
 549 to point at the new commit.</p>
 550 </div>
 551 </dd>
 552 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_commit_graph_general"></a>commit graph concept, representations and usage</dt>
 553 <dd>
 554 <p>A synonym for the <a href="#def_DAG">DAG</a> structure formed by the commits
 555 in the object database, <a href="#def_ref">referenced</a> by branch tips,
 556 using their <a href="#def_chain">chain</a> of linked commits.
 557 This structure is the definitive commit graph. The
 558 graph can be represented in other ways, e.g. the
 559 <a href="#def_commit_graph_file">"commit-graph" file</a>.</p>
 560 </dd>
 561 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_commit_graph_file"></a>commit-graph file</dt>
 562 <dd>
 563 <p>The "commit-graph" (normally hyphenated) file is a supplemental
 564 representation of the <a href="#def_commit_graph_general">commit graph</a>
 565 which accelerates commit graph walks. The "commit-graph" file is
 566 stored either in the .git/objects/info directory or in the info
 567 directory of an alternate object database.</p>
 568 </dd>
 569 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_commit_object"></a>commit object</dt>
 570 <dd>
 571 <p>An <a href="#def_object">object</a> which contains the information about a
 572 particular <a href="#def_revision">revision</a>, such as <a href="#def_parent">parents</a>, committer,
 573 author, date and the <a href="#def_tree_object">tree object</a> which corresponds
 574 to the top <a href="#def_directory">directory</a> of the stored
 575 revision.</p>
 576 </dd>
 577 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_commit-ish"></a>commit-ish (also committish)</dt>
 578 <dd>
 579 <p>A <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a> or an <a href="#def_object">object</a> that
 580 can be recursively <a href="#def_dereference">dereferenced</a> to a commit object.
 581 The following are all commit-ishes:
 582 a commit object,
 583 a <a href="#def_tag_object">tag object</a> that points to a commit
 584 object,
 585 a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
 586 commit object,
 587 etc.</p>
 588 </dd>
 589 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_core_git"></a>core Git</dt>
 590 <dd>
 591 <p>Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 592 source code management tools.</p>
 593 </dd>
 594 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_DAG"></a>DAG</dt>
 595 <dd>
 596 <p>Directed acyclic graph. The <a href="#def_commit_object">commit objects</a> form a
 597 directed acyclic graph, because they have parents (directed), and the
 598 graph of commit objects is acyclic (there is no <a href="#def_chain">chain</a>
 599 which begins and ends with the same <a href="#def_object">object</a>).</p>
 600 </dd>
 601 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_dangling_object"></a>dangling object</dt>
 602 <dd>
 603 <p>An <a href="#def_unreachable_object">unreachable object</a> which is not
 604 <a href="#def_reachable">reachable</a> even from other unreachable objects; a
 605 dangling object has no references to it from any
 606 reference or <a href="#def_object">object</a> in the <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>.</p>
 607 </dd>
 608 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_dereference"></a>dereference</dt>
 609 <dd>
 610 <p>Referring to a <a href="#def_symref">symbolic ref</a>: the action of accessing the
 611 <a href="#def_ref">reference</a> pointed at by a symbolic ref. Recursive
 612 dereferencing involves repeating the aforementioned process on the
 613 resulting ref until a non-symbolic reference is found.</p>
 614 <div class="paragraph">
 615 <p>Referring to a <a href="#def_tag_object">tag object</a>: the action of accessing the
 616 <a href="#def_object">object</a> a tag points at. Tags are recursively dereferenced by
 617 repeating the operation on the result object until the result has either a
 618 specified <a href="#def_object_type">object type</a> (where applicable) or any non-"tag"
 619 object type. A synonym for "recursive dereference" in the context of tags is
 620 "<a href="#def_peel">peel</a>".</p>
 621 </div>
 622 <div class="paragraph">
 623 <p>Referring to a <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>: the action of accessing
 624 the commit&#8217;s tree object. Commits cannot be dereferenced recursively.</p>
 625 </div>
 626 <div class="paragraph">
 627 <p>Unless otherwise specified, "dereferencing" as it used in the context of Git
 628 commands or protocols is implicitly recursive.</p>
 629 </div>
 630 </dd>
 631 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_detached_HEAD"></a>detached HEAD</dt>
 632 <dd>
 633 <p>Normally the <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> stores the name of a
 634 <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>, and commands that operate on the
 635 history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
 636 tip of the branch the HEAD points at.  However, Git also
 637 allows you to <a href="#def_checkout">check out</a> an arbitrary
 638 <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> that isn&#8217;t necessarily the tip of any
 639 particular branch.  The HEAD in such a state is called
 640 "detached".</p>
 641 <div class="paragraph">
 642 <p>Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
 643 (e.g. <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> to build a new history on top of it) still work
 644 while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
 645 of the updated history without affecting any branch.  Commands that
 646 update or inquire information <em>about</em> the current branch (e.g. <code>git</code>
 647 <code>branch</code> <code>--set-upstream-to</code> that sets what remote-tracking branch the
 648 current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
 649 (real) current branch to ask about in this state.</p>
 650 </div>
 651 </dd>
 652 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_directory"></a>directory</dt>
 653 <dd>
 654 <p>The list you get with "ls" :-)</p>
 655 </dd>
 656 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_dirty"></a>dirty</dt>
 657 <dd>
 658 <p>A <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> is said to be "dirty" if
 659 it contains modifications which have not been <a href="#def_commit">committed</a> to the current
 660 <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>.</p>
 661 </dd>
 662 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_evil_merge"></a>evil merge</dt>
 663 <dd>
 664 <p>An evil merge is a <a href="#def_merge">merge</a> that introduces changes that
 665 do not appear in any <a href="#def_parent">parent</a>.</p>
 666 </dd>
 667 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_fast_forward"></a>fast-forward</dt>
 668 <dd>
 669 <p>A fast-forward is a special type of <a href="#def_merge">merge</a> where you have a
 670 <a href="#def_revision">revision</a> and you are "merging" another
 671 <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>'s changes that happen to be a descendant of what
 672 you have. In such a case, you do not make a new <a href="#def_merge">merge</a>
 673 <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> but instead just update your branch to point at the same
 674 revision as the branch you are merging. This will happen frequently on a
 675 <a href="#def_remote_tracking_branch">remote-tracking branch</a> of a remote
 676 <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>.</p>
 677 </dd>
 678 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_fetch"></a>fetch</dt>
 679 <dd>
 680 <p>Fetching a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> means to get the
 681 branch&#8217;s <a href="#def_head_ref">head ref</a> from a remote
 682 <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>, to find out which objects are
 683 missing from the local <a href="#def_object_database">object database</a>,
 684 and to get them, too.  See also <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.</p>
 685 </dd>
 686 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_file_system"></a>file system</dt>
 687 <dd>
 688 <p>Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
 689 i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
 690 efficiency and speed of Git.</p>
 691 </dd>
 692 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_git_archive"></a>Git archive</dt>
 693 <dd>
 694 <p>Synonym for <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> (for arch people).</p>
 695 </dd>
 696 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_gitfile"></a>gitfile</dt>
 697 <dd>
 698 <p>A plain file .<code>git</code> at the root of a working tree that
 699 points at the directory that is the real repository.
 700 For proper use see <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a> or <a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a>.
 701 For syntax see <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p>
 702 </dd>
 703 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_grafts"></a>grafts</dt>
 704 <dd>
 705 <p>Grafts enable two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
 706 together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
 707 you can make Git pretend the set of <a href="#def_parent">parents</a> a <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> has
 708 is different from what was recorded when the commit was
 709 created. Configured via the .<code>git/info/grafts</code> file.</p>
 710 <div class="paragraph">
 711 <p>Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
 712 transferring objects between repositories; see <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a>
 713 for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.</p>
 714 </div>
 715 </dd>
 716 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_hash"></a>hash</dt>
 717 <dd>
 718 <p>In Git&#8217;s context, synonym for <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a>.</p>
 719 </dd>
 720 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_head"></a>head</dt>
 721 <dd>
 722 <p>A <a href="#def_ref">named reference</a> to the <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> at the tip of a
 723 <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>.  Heads are stored in a file in
 724 <code>$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/</code> directory, except when using packed refs. (See
 725 <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>.)</p>
 726 </dd>
 727 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_HEAD"></a>HEAD</dt>
 728 <dd>
 729 <p>The current <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>.  In more detail: Your <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> is normally derived from the state of the tree
 730 referred to by HEAD.  HEAD is a reference to one of the
 731 <a href="#def_head">heads</a> in your repository, except when using a
 732 <a href="#def_detached_HEAD">detached HEAD</a>, in which case it directly
 733 references an arbitrary commit.</p>
 734 </dd>
 735 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_head_ref"></a>head ref</dt>
 736 <dd>
 737 <p>A synonym for <a href="#def_head">head</a>.</p>
 738 </dd>
 739 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_hook"></a>hook</dt>
 740 <dd>
 741 <p>During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
 742 to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
 743 checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
 744 and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
 745 operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
 746 <code>$GIT_DIR/hooks/</code> directory, and are enabled by simply
 747 removing the .<code>sample</code> suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
 748 of Git you had to make them executable.</p>
 749 </dd>
 750 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_index"></a>index</dt>
 751 <dd>
 752 <p>A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
 753 as objects. The index is a stored version of your
 754 <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a>. Truth be told, it can also contain a second, and even
 755 a third version of a working tree, which are used
 756 when <a href="#def_merge">merging</a>.</p>
 757 </dd>
 758 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_index_entry"></a>index entry</dt>
 759 <dd>
 760 <p>The information regarding a particular file, stored in the
 761 <a href="#def_index">index</a>. An index entry can be unmerged, if a
 762 <a href="#def_merge">merge</a> was started, but not yet finished (i.e. if
 763 the index contains multiple versions of that file).</p>
 764 </dd>
 765 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_master"></a>master</dt>
 766 <dd>
 767 <p>The default development <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>. Whenever you
 768 create a Git <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>, a branch named
 769 "master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
 770 cases, this contains the local development, though that is
 771 purely by convention and is not required.</p>
 772 </dd>
 773 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_merge"></a>merge</dt>
 774 <dd>
 775 <p>As a verb: To bring the contents of another
 776 <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> (possibly from an external
 777 <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>) into the current branch.  In the
 778 case where the merged-in branch is from a different repository,
 779 this is done by first <a href="#def_fetch">fetching</a> the remote branch
 780 and then merging the result into the current branch.  This
 781 combination of fetch and merge operations is called a
 782 <a href="#def_pull">pull</a>.  Merging is performed by an automatic process
 783 that identifies changes made since the branches diverged, and
 784 then applies all those changes together.  In cases where changes
 785 conflict, manual intervention may be required to complete the
 786 merge.</p>
 787 <div class="paragraph">
 788 <p>As a noun: unless it is a <a href="#def_fast_forward">fast-forward</a>, a
 789 successful merge results in the creation of a new <a href="#def_commit">commit</a>
 790 representing the result of the merge, and having as
 791 <a href="#def_parent">parents</a> the tips of the merged <a href="#def_branch">branches</a>.
 792 This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 793 "merge".</p>
 794 </div>
 795 </dd>
 796 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_object"></a>object</dt>
 797 <dd>
 798 <p>The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
 799 <a href="#def_SHA1">SHA-1</a> of its contents. Consequently, an
 800 object cannot be changed.</p>
 801 </dd>
 802 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_object_database"></a>object database</dt>
 803 <dd>
 804 <p>Stores a set of "objects", and an individual <a href="#def_object">object</a> is
 805 identified by its <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a>. The objects usually
 806 live in <code>$GIT_DIR/objects/</code>.</p>
 807 </dd>
 808 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_object_identifier"></a>object identifier (oid)</dt>
 809 <dd>
 810 <p>Synonym for <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a>.</p>
 811 </dd>
 812 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_object_name"></a>object name</dt>
 813 <dd>
 814 <p>The unique identifier of an <a href="#def_object">object</a>.  The
 815 object name is usually represented by a 40 character
 816 hexadecimal string.  Also colloquially called <a href="#def_SHA1">SHA-1</a>.</p>
 817 </dd>
 818 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_object_type"></a>object type</dt>
 819 <dd>
 820 <p>One of the identifiers "<a href="#def_commit_object">commit</a>",
 821 "<a href="#def_tree_object">tree</a>", "<a href="#def_tag_object">tag</a>" or
 822 "<a href="#def_blob_object">blob</a>" describing the type of an
 823 <a href="#def_object">object</a>.</p>
 824 </dd>
 825 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_octopus"></a>octopus</dt>
 826 <dd>
 827 <p>To <a href="#def_merge">merge</a> more than two <a href="#def_branch">branches</a>.</p>
 828 </dd>
 829 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_orphan"></a>orphan</dt>
 830 <dd>
 831 <p>The act of getting on a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that does not
 832 exist yet (i.e., an <a href="#def_unborn">unborn</a> branch).  After
 833 such an operation, the commit first created becomes a commit
 834 without a parent, starting a new history.</p>
 835 </dd>
 836 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_origin"></a>origin</dt>
 837 <dd>
 838 <p>The default upstream <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>. Most projects have
 839 at least one upstream project which they track. By default
 840 <em>origin</em> is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
 841 will be fetched into <a href="#def_remote_tracking_branch">remote-tracking branches</a> named
 842 origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
 843 <code>git</code> <code>branch</code> <code>-r</code>.</p>
 844 </dd>
 845 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_overlay"></a>overlay</dt>
 846 <dd>
 847 <p>Only update and add files to the working directory, but don&#8217;t
 848 delete them, similar to how <em>cp -R</em> would update the contents
 849 in the destination directory.  This is the default mode in a
 850 <a href="#def_checkout">checkout</a> when checking out files from the
 851 <a href="#def_index">index</a> or a <a href="#def_tree-ish">tree-ish</a>.  In
 852 contrast, no-overlay mode also deletes tracked files not
 853 present in the source, similar to <em>rsync --delete</em>.</p>
 854 </dd>
 855 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_pack"></a>pack</dt>
 856 <dd>
 857 <p>A set of objects which have been compressed into one file (to save space
 858 or to transmit them efficiently).</p>
 859 </dd>
 860 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_pack_index"></a>pack index</dt>
 861 <dd>
 862 <p>The list of identifiers, and other information, of the objects in a
 863 <a href="#def_pack">pack</a>, to assist in efficiently accessing the contents of a
 864 pack.</p>
 865 </dd>
 866 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_pathspec"></a>pathspec</dt>
 867 <dd>
 868 <p>Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.</p>
 869 <div class="paragraph">
 870 <p>Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
 871 ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
 872 and many other commands to
 873 limit the scope of operations to some subset of the tree or
 874 working tree.  See the documentation of each command for whether
 875 paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel.  The
 876 pathspec syntax is as follows:</p>
 877 </div>
 878 <div class="openblock">
 879 <div class="content">
 880 <div class="ulist">
 881 <ul>
 882 <li>
 883 <p>any path matches itself</p>
 884 </li>
 885 <li>
 886 <p>the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
 887 directory prefix.  The scope of that pathspec is
 888 limited to that subtree.</p>
 889 </li>
 890 <li>
 891 <p>the rest of the pathspec is a pattern for the remainder
 892 of the pathname.  Paths relative to the directory
 893 prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
 894 in particular, <em>*</em> and <em>?</em> <em>can</em> match directory separators.</p>
 895 </li>
 896 </ul>
 897 </div>
 898 </div>
 899 </div>
 900 <div class="paragraph">
 901 <p>For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
 902 in the Documentation subtree,
 903 including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.</p>
 904 </div>
 905 <div class="paragraph">
 906 <p>A pathspec that begins with a colon <code>:</code> has special meaning.  In the
 907 short form, the leading colon <code>:</code> is followed by zero or more "magic
 908 signature" letters (which optionally is terminated by another colon <code>:</code>),
 909 and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path.
 910 The "magic signature" consists of ASCII symbols that are neither
 911 alphanumeric, glob, regex special characters nor colon.
 912 The optional colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be
 913 omitted if the pattern begins with a character that does not belong to
 914 "magic signature" symbol set and is not a colon.</p>
 915 </div>
 916 <div class="paragraph">
 917 <p>In the long form, the leading colon <code>:</code> is followed by an open
 918 parenthesis (, a comma-separated list of zero or more "magic words",
 919 and a close parentheses ), and the remainder is the pattern to match
 920 against the path.</p>
 921 </div>
 922 <div class="paragraph">
 923 <p>A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
 924 should not be combined with other pathspec.</p>
 925 </div>
 926 <div class="openblock">
 927 <div class="content">
 928 <div class="dlist">
 929 <dl>
 930 <dt class="hdlist1">top</dt>
 931 <dd>
 932 <p>The magic word <code>top</code> (magic signature: <code>/</code>) makes the pattern
 933 match from the root of the working tree, even when you are
 934 running the command from inside a subdirectory.</p>
 935 </dd>
 936 <dt class="hdlist1">literal</dt>
 937 <dd>
 938 <p>Wildcards in the pattern such as * or ? are treated
 939 as literal characters.</p>
 940 </dd>
 941 <dt class="hdlist1">icase</dt>
 942 <dd>
 943 <p>Case insensitive match.</p>
 944 </dd>
 945 <dt class="hdlist1">glob</dt>
 946 <dd>
 947 <p>Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
 948 consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
 949 wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
 950 For example, "Documentation/*.html" matches
 951 "Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
 952 or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".</p>
 953 <div class="paragraph">
 954 <p>Two consecutive asterisks ("**") in patterns matched against
 955 full pathname may have special meaning:</p>
 956 </div>
 957 <div class="ulist">
 958 <ul>
 959 <li>
 960 <p>A leading "**" followed by a slash means match in all
 961 directories. For example, "**/foo" matches file or directory
 962 "<code>foo</code>" anywhere, the same as pattern "<code>foo</code>". "**/foo/bar"
 963 matches file or directory "<code>bar</code>" anywhere that is directly
 964 under directory "<code>foo</code>".</p>
 965 </li>
 966 <li>
 967 <p>A trailing "<code>/</code>**" matches everything inside. For example,
 968 "<code>abc/</code>**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
 969 to the location of the .<code>gitignore</code> file, with infinite depth.</p>
 970 </li>
 971 <li>
 972 <p>A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
 973 matches zero or more directories. For example, "<code>a/</code>**/b"
 974 matches "<code>a/b</code>", "<code>a/x/b</code>", "<code>a/x/y/b</code>" and so on.</p>
 975 </li>
 976 <li>
 977 <p>Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.</p>
 978 <div class="paragraph">
 979 <p>Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.</p>
 980 </div>
 981 </li>
 982 </ul>
 983 </div>
 984 </dd>
 985 <dt class="hdlist1">attr</dt>
 986 <dd>
 987 <p>After <code>attr:</code> comes a space separated list of "attribute
 988 requirements", all of which must be met in order for the
 989 path to be considered a match; this is in addition to the
 990 usual non-magic pathspec pattern matching.
 991 See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>.</p>
 992 <div class="paragraph">
 993 <p>Each of the attribute requirements for the path takes one of
 994 these forms:</p>
 995 </div>
 996 <div class="ulist">
 997 <ul>
 998 <li>
 999 <p>"<code>ATTR</code>" requires that the attribute <code>ATTR</code> be set.</p>
1000 </li>
1001 <li>
1002 <p>"<code>-ATTR</code>" requires that the attribute <code>ATTR</code> be unset.</p>
1003 </li>
1004 <li>
1005 <p>"<code>ATTR=VALUE</code>" requires that the attribute <code>ATTR</code> be
1006 set to the string <code>VALUE</code>.</p>
1007 </li>
1008 <li>
1009 <p>"!ATTR" requires that the attribute <code>ATTR</code> be
1010 unspecified.</p>
1011 <div class="paragraph">
1012 <p>Note that when matching against a tree object, attributes are still
1013 obtained from working tree, not from the given tree object.</p>
1014 </div>
1015 </li>
1016 </ul>
1017 </div>
1018 </dd>
1019 <dt class="hdlist1">exclude</dt>
1020 <dd>
1021 <p>After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run
1022 through all exclude pathspecs (magic signature: ! or its
1023 synonym <code>^</code>). If it matches, the path is ignored.  When there
1024 is no non-exclude pathspec, the exclusion is applied to the
1025 result set as if invoked without any pathspec.</p>
1026 </dd>
1027 </dl>
1028 </div>
1029 </div>
1030 </div>
1031 </dd>
1032 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_parent"></a>parent</dt>
1033 <dd>
1034 <p>A <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a> contains a (possibly empty) list
1035 of the logical predecessor(s) in the line of development, i.e. its
1036 parents.</p>
1037 </dd>
1038 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_peel"></a>peel</dt>
1039 <dd>
1040 <p>The action of recursively <a href="#def_dereference">dereferencing</a> a
1041 <a href="#def_tag_object">tag object</a>.</p>
1042 </dd>
1043 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_pickaxe"></a>pickaxe</dt>
1044 <dd>
1045 <p>The term <a href="#def_pickaxe">pickaxe</a> refers to an option to the diffcore
1046 routines that help select changes that add or delete a given text
1047 string. With the <code>--pickaxe-all</code> option, it can be used to view the full
1048 <a href="#def_changeset">changeset</a> that introduced or removed, say, a
1049 particular line of text. See <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>.</p>
1050 </dd>
1051 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_plumbing"></a>plumbing</dt>
1052 <dd>
1053 <p>Cute name for <a href="#def_core_git">core Git</a>.</p>
1054 </dd>
1055 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_porcelain"></a>porcelain</dt>
1056 <dd>
1057 <p>Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
1058 <a href="#def_core_git">core Git</a>, presenting a high level access to
1059 core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <a href="#def_SCM">SCM</a>
1060 interface than the <a href="#def_plumbing">plumbing</a>.</p>
1061 </dd>
1062 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_per_worktree_ref"></a>per-worktree ref</dt>
1063 <dd>
1064 <p>Refs that are per-<a href="#def_worktree">worktree</a>, rather than
1065 global.  This is presently only <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> and any refs
1066 that start with <code>refs/bisect/</code>, but might later include other
1067 unusual refs.</p>
1068 </dd>
1069 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_pseudoref"></a>pseudoref</dt>
1070 <dd>
1071 <p>A ref that has different semantics than normal refs. These refs can be
1072 read via normal Git commands, but cannot be written to by commands like
1073 <a href="git-update-ref.html">git-update-ref(1)</a>.</p>
1074 <div class="paragraph">
1075 <p>The following pseudorefs are known to Git:</p>
1076 </div>
1077 <div class="ulist">
1078 <ul>
1079 <li>
1080 <p><code>FETCH_HEAD</code> is written by <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> or <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a>. It
1081 may refer to multiple object IDs. Each object ID is annotated with metadata
1082 indicating where it was fetched from and its fetch status.</p>
1083 </li>
1084 <li>
1085 <p><code>MERGE_HEAD</code> is written by <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> when resolving merge
1086 conflicts. It contains all commit IDs which are being merged.</p>
1087 </li>
1088 </ul>
1089 </div>
1090 </dd>
1091 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_pull"></a>pull</dt>
1092 <dd>
1093 <p>Pulling a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> means to <a href="#def_fetch">fetch</a> it and
1094 <a href="#def_merge">merge</a> it.  See also <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a>.</p>
1095 </dd>
1096 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_push"></a>push</dt>
1097 <dd>
1098 <p>Pushing a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> means to get the branch&#8217;s
1099 <a href="#def_head_ref">head ref</a> from a remote <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>,
1100 find out if it is an ancestor to the branch&#8217;s local
1101 head ref, and in that case, putting all
1102 objects, which are <a href="#def_reachable">reachable</a> from the local
1103 head ref, and which are missing from the remote
1104 repository, into the remote
1105 <a href="#def_object_database">object database</a>, and updating the remote
1106 head ref. If the remote <a href="#def_head">head</a> is not an
1107 ancestor to the local head, the push fails.</p>
1108 </dd>
1109 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_reachable"></a>reachable</dt>
1110 <dd>
1111 <p>All of the ancestors of a given <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> are said to be
1112 "reachable" from that commit. More
1113 generally, one <a href="#def_object">object</a> is reachable from
1114 another if we can reach the one from the other by a <a href="#def_chain">chain</a>
1115 that follows <a href="#def_tag">tags</a> to whatever they tag,
1116 <a href="#def_commit_object">commits</a> to their parents or trees, and
1117 <a href="#def_tree_object">trees</a> to the trees or <a href="#def_blob_object">blobs</a>
1118 that they contain.</p>
1119 </dd>
1120 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_reachability_bitmap"></a>reachability bitmaps</dt>
1121 <dd>
1122 <p>Reachability bitmaps store information about the
1123 <a href="#def_reachable">reachability</a> of a selected set of commits in
1124 a packfile, or a multi-pack index (MIDX), to speed up object search.
1125 The bitmaps are stored in a ".bitmap" file. A repository may have at
1126 most one bitmap file in use. The bitmap file may belong to either one
1127 pack, or the repository&#8217;s multi-pack index (if it exists).</p>
1128 </dd>
1129 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_rebase"></a>rebase</dt>
1130 <dd>
1131 <p>To reapply a series of changes from a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> to a
1132 different base, and reset the <a href="#def_head">head</a> of that branch
1133 to the result.</p>
1134 </dd>
1135 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_ref"></a>ref</dt>
1136 <dd>
1137 <p>A name that points to an <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a> or
1138 another ref (the latter is called a <a href="#def_symref">symbolic ref</a>).
1139 For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
1140 as an argument to a Git command; see <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>
1141 for details.
1142 Refs are stored in the <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>.</p>
1143 <div class="paragraph">
1144 <p>The ref namespace is hierarchical.
1145 Ref names must either start with <code>refs/</code> or be located in the root of
1146 the hierarchy. For the latter, their name must follow these rules:</p>
1147 </div>
1148 <div class="ulist">
1149 <ul>
1150 <li>
1151 <p>The name consists of only upper-case characters or underscores.</p>
1152 </li>
1153 <li>
1154 <p>The name ends with "<code>_HEAD</code>" or is equal to "<code>HEAD</code>".</p>
1155 <div class="paragraph">
1156 <p>There are some irregular refs in the root of the hierarchy that do not
1157 match these rules. The following list is exhaustive and shall not be
1158 extended in the future:</p>
1159 </div>
1160 </li>
1161 <li>
1162 <p><code>AUTO_MERGE</code></p>
1163 </li>
1164 <li>
1165 <p><code>BISECT_EXPECTED_REV</code></p>
1166 </li>
1167 <li>
1168 <p><code>NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL</code></p>
1169 </li>
1170 <li>
1171 <p><code>NOTES_MERGE_REF</code></p>
1172 </li>
1173 <li>
1174 <p><code>MERGE_AUTOSTASH</code></p>
1175 <div class="paragraph">
1176 <p>Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes. For example,
1177 the <code>refs/heads/</code> hierarchy is used to represent local branches whereas
1178 the <code>refs/tags/</code> hierarchy is used to represent local tags..</p>
1179 </div>
1180 </li>
1181 </ul>
1182 </div>
1183 </dd>
1184 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_reflog"></a>reflog</dt>
1185 <dd>
1186 <p>A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
1187 it can tell you what the 3rd last revision in <em>this</em> repository
1188 was, and what was the current state in <em>this</em> repository,
1189 yesterday 9:14pm.  See <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a> for details.</p>
1190 </dd>
1191 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_refspec"></a>refspec</dt>
1192 <dd>
1193 <p>A "refspec" is used by <a href="#def_fetch">fetch</a> and
1194 <a href="#def_push">push</a> to describe the mapping between remote
1195 <a href="#def_ref">ref</a> and local ref. See <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> or
1196 <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> for details.</p>
1197 </dd>
1198 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_remote"></a>remote repository</dt>
1199 <dd>
1200 <p>A <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> which is used to track the same
1201 project but resides somewhere else. To communicate with remotes,
1202 see <a href="#def_fetch">fetch</a> or <a href="#def_push">push</a>.</p>
1203 </dd>
1204 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_remote_tracking_branch"></a>remote-tracking branch</dt>
1205 <dd>
1206 <p>A <a href="#def_ref">ref</a> that is used to follow changes from another
1207 <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>. It typically looks like
1208 <em>refs/remotes/foo/bar</em> (indicating that it tracks a branch named
1209 <em>bar</em> in a remote named <em>foo</em>), and matches the right-hand-side of
1210 a configured fetch <a href="#def_refspec">refspec</a>. A remote-tracking
1211 branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
1212 commits made to it.</p>
1213 </dd>
1214 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_repository"></a>repository</dt>
1215 <dd>
1216 <p>A collection of <a href="#def_ref">refs</a> together with an
1217 <a href="#def_object_database">object database</a> containing all objects
1218 which are <a href="#def_reachable">reachable</a> from the refs, possibly
1219 accompanied by meta data from one or more <a href="#def_porcelain">porcelains</a>. A
1220 repository can share an object database with other repositories
1221 via <a href="#def_alternate_object_database">alternates mechanism</a>.</p>
1222 </dd>
1223 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_resolve"></a>resolve</dt>
1224 <dd>
1225 <p>The action of fixing up manually what a failed automatic
1226 <a href="#def_merge">merge</a> left behind.</p>
1227 </dd>
1228 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_revision"></a>revision</dt>
1229 <dd>
1230 <p>Synonym for <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> (the noun).</p>
1231 </dd>
1232 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_rewind"></a>rewind</dt>
1233 <dd>
1234 <p>To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
1235 <a href="#def_head">head</a> to an earlier <a href="#def_revision">revision</a>.</p>
1236 </dd>
1237 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_SCM"></a>SCM</dt>
1238 <dd>
1239 <p>Source code management (tool).</p>
1240 </dd>
1241 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_SHA1"></a>SHA-1</dt>
1242 <dd>
1243 <p>"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
1244 In the context of Git used as a synonym for <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a>.</p>
1245 </dd>
1246 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_shallow_clone"></a>shallow clone</dt>
1247 <dd>
1248 <p>Mostly a synonym to <a href="#def_shallow_repository">shallow repository</a>
1249 but the phrase makes it more explicit that it was created by
1250 running <code>git</code> <code>clone</code> <code>--depth=..</code>. command.</p>
1251 </dd>
1252 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_shallow_repository"></a>shallow repository</dt>
1253 <dd>
1254 <p>A shallow <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> has an incomplete
1255 history some of whose <a href="#def_commit">commits</a> have <a href="#def_parent">parents</a> cauterized away (in other
1256 words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
1257 parents, even though they are recorded in the <a href="#def_commit_object">commit
1258 object</a>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
1259 recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
1260 upstream is much larger. A shallow repository
1261 is created by giving the <code>--depth</code> option to <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>, and
1262 its history can be later deepened with <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.</p>
1263 </dd>
1264 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_stash"></a>stash entry</dt>
1265 <dd>
1266 <p>An <a href="#def_object">object</a> used to temporarily store the contents of a
1267 <a href="#def_dirty">dirty</a> working directory and the index for future reuse.</p>
1268 </dd>
1269 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_submodule"></a>submodule</dt>
1270 <dd>
1271 <p>A <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> that holds the history of a
1272 separate project inside another repository (the latter of
1273 which is called <a href="#def_superproject">superproject</a>).</p>
1274 </dd>
1275 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_superproject"></a>superproject</dt>
1276 <dd>
1277 <p>A <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> that references repositories
1278 of other projects in its working tree as <a href="#def_submodule">submodules</a>.
1279 The superproject knows about the names of (but does not hold
1280 copies of) commit objects of the contained submodules.</p>
1281 </dd>
1282 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_symref"></a>symref</dt>
1283 <dd>
1284 <p>Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <a href="#def_SHA1">SHA-1</a> id
1285 itself, it is of the format <em>ref: refs/some/thing</em> and when referenced,
1286 it recursively <a href="#def_dereference">dereferences</a> to this reference.
1287 <em><a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a></em> is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic references
1288 are manipulated with the <a href="git-symbolic-ref.html">git-symbolic-ref(1)</a> command.</p>
1289 </dd>
1290 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_tag"></a>tag</dt>
1291 <dd>
1292 <p>A <a href="#def_ref">ref</a> under <code>refs/tags/</code> namespace that points to an
1293 object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
1294 <a href="#def_tag_object">tag</a> or a <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>).
1295 In contrast to a <a href="#def_head">head</a>, a tag is not updated by
1296 the <code>commit</code> command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
1297 tag (which would be called an <a href="#def_object_type">object type</a>
1298 in Git&#8217;s context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
1299 point in the commit ancestry <a href="#def_chain">chain</a>.</p>
1300 </dd>
1301 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_tag_object"></a>tag object</dt>
1302 <dd>
1303 <p>An <a href="#def_object">object</a> containing a <a href="#def_ref">ref</a> pointing to
1304 another object, which can contain a message just like a
1305 <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>. It can also contain a (PGP)
1306 signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".</p>
1307 </dd>
1308 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_topic_branch"></a>topic branch</dt>
1309 <dd>
1310 <p>A regular Git <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used by a developer to
1311 identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
1312 and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
1313 that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
1314 related changes.</p>
1315 </dd>
1316 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_tree"></a>tree</dt>
1317 <dd>
1318 <p>Either a <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a>, or a <a href="#def_tree_object">tree
1319 object</a> together with the dependent <a href="#def_blob_object">blob</a> and tree objects
1320 (i.e. a stored representation of a working tree).</p>
1321 </dd>
1322 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_tree_object"></a>tree object</dt>
1323 <dd>
1324 <p>An <a href="#def_object">object</a> containing a list of file names and modes along
1325 with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
1326 <a href="#def_tree">tree</a> is equivalent to a <a href="#def_directory">directory</a>.</p>
1327 </dd>
1328 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_tree-ish"></a>tree-ish (also treeish)</dt>
1329 <dd>
1330 <p>A <a href="#def_tree_object">tree object</a> or an <a href="#def_object">object</a> that can
1331 be recursively <a href="#def_dereference">dereferenced</a> to a tree object.
1332 Dereferencing a <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a> yields the tree
1333 object corresponding to the <a href="#def_revision">revision</a>'s top
1334 <a href="#def_directory">directory</a>.
1335 The following are all tree-ishes:
1336 a <a href="#def_commit-ish">commit-ish</a>,
1337 a tree object,
1338 a <a href="#def_tag_object">tag object</a> that points to a tree object,
1339 a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
1340 object,
1341 etc.</p>
1342 </dd>
1343 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_unborn"></a>unborn</dt>
1344 <dd>
1345 <p>The <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> can point at a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>
1346 that does not yet exist and that does not have any commit on
1347 it yet, and such a branch is called an unborn branch.  The
1348 most typical way users encounter an unborn branch is by
1349 creating a repository anew without cloning from elsewhere.
1350 The HEAD would point at the <em>main</em> (or <em>master</em>, depending
1351 on your configuration) branch that is yet to be born.  Also
1352 some operations can get you on an unborn branch with their
1353 <a href="#def_orphan">orphan</a> option.</p>
1354 </dd>
1355 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_unmerged_index"></a>unmerged index</dt>
1356 <dd>
1357 <p>An <a href="#def_index">index</a> which contains unmerged
1358 <a href="#def_index_entry">index entries</a>.</p>
1359 </dd>
1360 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_unreachable_object"></a>unreachable object</dt>
1361 <dd>
1362 <p>An <a href="#def_object">object</a> which is not <a href="#def_reachable">reachable</a> from a
1363 <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>, <a href="#def_tag">tag</a>, or any other reference.</p>
1364 </dd>
1365 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_upstream_branch"></a>upstream branch</dt>
1366 <dd>
1367 <p>The default <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is merged into the branch in
1368 question (or the branch in question is rebased onto). It is configured
1369 via branch.&lt;name&gt;.remote and branch.&lt;name&gt;.merge. If the upstream branch
1370 of <em>A</em> is <em>origin/B</em> sometimes we say "<em>A</em> is tracking <em>origin/B</em>".</p>
1371 </dd>
1372 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_working_tree"></a>working tree</dt>
1373 <dd>
1374 <p>The tree of actual checked out files.  The working tree normally
1375 contains the contents of the <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> commit&#8217;s tree,
1376 plus any local changes that you have made but not yet committed.</p>
1377 </dd>
1378 <dt class="hdlist1"><a id="def_worktree"></a>worktree</dt>
1379 <dd>
1380 <p>A repository can have zero (i.e. bare repository) or one or
1381 more worktrees attached to it. One "worktree" consists of a
1382 "working tree" and repository metadata, most of which are
1383 shared among other worktrees of a single repository, and
1384 some of which are maintained separately per worktree
1385 (e.g. the index, HEAD and pseudorefs like MERGE_HEAD,
1386 per-worktree refs and per-worktree configuration file).</p>
1387 </dd>
1388 </dl>
1389 </div>
1390 </div>
1391 </div>
1392 <div class="sect1">
1393 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1394 <div class="sectionbody">
1395 <div class="paragraph">
1396 <p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>,
1397 <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>,
1398 <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>,
1399 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>,
1400 <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a></p>
1401 </div>
1402 </div>
1403 </div>
1404 <div class="sect1">
1405 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1406 <div class="sectionbody">
1407 <div class="paragraph">
1408 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
1409 </div>
1410 </div>
1411 </div>
1412 </div>
1413 <div id="footer">
1414 <div id="footer-text">
1415 Last updated 2020-03-10 15:02:33 -0700
1416 </div>
1417 </div>
1418 </body>
1419 </html>