gitnamespaces.html

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 440 </head>
 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>gitnamespaces(7) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>gitnamespaces - Git namespaces</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content">GIT_NAMESPACE=&lt;namespace&gt; <em>git upload-pack</em>
 455 GIT_NAMESPACE=&lt;namespace&gt; <em>git receive-pack</em></pre>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 </div>
 459 <div class="sect1">
 460 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 461 <div class="sectionbody">
 462 <div class="paragraph">
 463 <p>Git supports dividing the refs of a single repository into multiple
 464 namespaces, each of which has its own branches, tags, and HEAD.  Git can
 465 expose each namespace as an independent repository to pull from and push
 466 to, while sharing the object store, and exposing all the refs to
 467 operations such as <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p>
 468 </div>
 469 <div class="paragraph">
 470 <p>Storing multiple repositories as namespaces of a single repository
 471 avoids storing duplicate copies of the same objects, such as when
 472 storing multiple branches of the same source.  The alternates mechanism
 473 provides similar support for avoiding duplicates, but alternates do not
 474 prevent duplication between new objects added to the repositories
 475 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.</p>
 476 </div>
 477 <div class="paragraph">
 478 <p>To specify a namespace, set the <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> environment variable to
 479 the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 480 refs in a directory under <code>refs/namespaces/</code>.  For example,
 481 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo</code> will store refs under <code>refs/namespaces/foo/</code>.  You
 482 can also specify namespaces via the <code>--namespace</code> option to
 483 <a href="git.html">git(1)</a>.</p>
 484 </div>
 485 <div class="paragraph">
 486 <p>Note that namespaces which include a <code>/</code> will expand to a hierarchy of
 487 namespaces; for example, <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo/bar</code> will store refs under
 488 <code>refs/namespaces/foo/refs/namespaces/bar/</code>.  This makes paths in
 489 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> behave hierarchically, so that cloning with
 490 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo/bar</code> produces the same result as cloning with
 491 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo</code> and cloning from that repo with <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=bar</code>.  It
 492 also avoids ambiguity with strange namespace paths such as <code>foo/refs/heads/</code>,
 493 which could otherwise generate directory/file conflicts within the <code>refs</code>
 494 directory.</p>
 495 </div>
 496 <div class="paragraph">
 497 <p><a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a> and <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack(1)</a> rewrite the
 498 names of refs as specified by <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code>.  git-upload-pack and
 499 git-receive-pack will ignore all references outside the specified
 500 namespace.</p>
 501 </div>
 502 <div class="paragraph">
 503 <p>The smart HTTP server, <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>, will pass
 504 GIT_NAMESPACE through to the backend programs; see
 505 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a> for sample configuration to expose
 506 repository namespaces as repositories.</p>
 507 </div>
 508 <div class="paragraph">
 509 <p>For a simple local test, you can use <a href="git-remote-ext.html">git-remote-ext(1)</a>:</p>
 510 </div>
 511 <div class="listingblock">
 512 <div class="content">
 513 <pre>git clone ext::'git --namespace=foo %s /tmp/prefixed.git'</pre>
 514 </div>
 515 </div>
 516 </div>
 517 </div>
 518 <div class="sect1">
 519 <h2 id="_security">SECURITY</h2>
 520 <div class="sectionbody">
 521 <div class="paragraph">
 522 <p>The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
 523 stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
 524 shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a malicious
 525 peer, your best option is to store it in another repository. This applies
 526 to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a server are not
 527 effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
 528 namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire
 529 repository.</p>
 530 </div>
 531 <div class="paragraph">
 532 <p>The known attack vectors are as follows:</p>
 533 </div>
 534 <div class="olist arabic">
 535 <ol class="arabic">
 536 <li>
 537 <p>The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that
 538 are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the
 539 transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X
 540 to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn&#8217;t required to send the content of
 541 X because the victim already has it. Now the victim believes that the
 542 attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the attacker
 543 later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
 544 server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access
 545 to and then fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it
 546 on a client is to "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user
 547 does additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
 548 without noticing the merge.)</p>
 549 </li>
 550 <li>
 551 <p>As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends
 552 an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely
 553 claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta against X.
 554 The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to the attacker.</p>
 555 </li>
 556 </ol>
 557 </div>
 558 </div>
 559 </div>
 560 <div class="sect1">
 561 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 562 <div class="sectionbody">
 563 <div class="paragraph">
 564 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 565 </div>
 566 </div>
 567 </div>
 568 </div>
 569 <div id="footer">
 570 <div id="footer-text">
 571 Last updated 2021-05-06 21:22:01 -0700
 572 </div>
 573 </div>
 574 </body>
 575 </html>