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441 <body class=
"article">
443 <h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project
</h1>
444 <div class=
"details">
445 <span id=
"revdate">2024-
10-
02</span>
450 <h2 id=
"_introduction">Introduction
</h2>
451 <div class=
"sectionbody">
452 <div class=
"paragraph">
453 <p>The Git development community is a widely distributed, diverse, ever-changing
454 group of individuals. Asynchronous communication via the Git mailing list poses
455 unique challenges when reviewing or discussing patches. This document contains
456 some guiding principles and helpful tools you can use to make your reviews both
457 more efficient for yourself and more effective for other contributors.
</p>
459 <div class=
"paragraph">
460 <p>Note that none of the recommendations here are binding or in any way a
461 requirement of participation in the Git community. They are provided as a
462 resource to supplement your skills as a contributor.
</p>
467 <h2 id=
"_principles">Principles
</h2>
468 <div class=
"sectionbody">
470 <h3 id=
"_selecting_patches_to_review">Selecting patch(es) to review
</h3>
471 <div class=
"paragraph">
472 <p>If you are looking for a patch series in need of review, start by checking
473 the latest
"What’s cooking in git.git" email
474 (
<a href=
"https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqilm1yp3m.fsf@gitster.g/">example
</a>). The
"What’s
475 cooking" emails
& replies can be found using the query
<code>s:
"What's cooking"</code> on
476 the
<a href=
"https://lore.kernel.org/git/"><code>lore.kernel.org
</code> mailing list archive
</a>;
477 alternatively, you can find the contents of the
"What’s cooking" email tracked
478 in
<code>whats-cooking.txt
</code> on the
<code>todo
</code> branch of Git. Topics tagged with
"Needs
479 review" and those in the
"[New Topics]" section are typically those that would
480 benefit the most from additional review.
</p>
482 <div class=
"paragraph">
483 <p>Patches can also be searched manually in the mailing list archive using a query
484 like
<code>s:
"PATCH" -s:
"Re:"</code>. You can browse these results for topics relevant to
485 your expertise or interest.
</p>
487 <div class=
"paragraph">
488 <p>If you
’ve already contributed to Git, you may also be CC
’d in another
489 contributor
’s patch series. These are topics where the author feels that your
490 attention is warranted. This may be because their patch changes something you
491 wrote previously (making you a good judge of whether the new approach does or
492 doesn
’t work), or because you have the expertise to provide an exceptionally
493 helpful review. There is no requirement to review these patches but, in the
494 spirit of open source collaboration, you should strongly consider doing so.
</p>
498 <h3 id=
"_reviewing_patches">Reviewing patches
</h3>
499 <div class=
"paragraph">
500 <p>While every contributor takes their own approach to reviewing patches, here are
501 some general pieces of advice to make your reviews as clear and helpful as
502 possible. The advice is broken into two rough categories: high-level reviewing
503 guidance, and concrete tips for interacting with patches on the mailing list.
</p>
506 <h4 id=
"_high_level_guidance">High-level guidance
</h4>
510 <p>Remember to review the content of commit messages for correctness and clarity,
511 in addition to the code change in the patch
’s diff. The commit message of a
512 patch should accurately and fully explain the code change being made in the
516 <p>Reviewing test coverage is an important - but easy to overlook - component of
517 reviews. A patch
’s changes may be covered by existing tests, or new tests may
518 be introduced to exercise new behavior. Checking out a patch or series locally
519 allows you to manually mutate lines of new
& existing tests to verify expected
520 pass/fail behavior. You can use this information to verify proper coverage or
521 to suggest additional tests the author could add.
</p>
524 <p>When providing a recommendation, be as clear as possible about whether you
525 consider it
"blocking" (the code would be broken or otherwise made worse if an
526 issue isn
’t fixed) or
"non-blocking" (the patch could be made better by taking
527 the recommendation, but acceptance of the series does not require it).
528 Non-blocking recommendations can be particularly ambiguous when they are
529 related to - but outside the scope of - a series (
"nice-to-have"s), or when
530 they represent only stylistic differences between the author and reviewer.
</p>
533 <p>When commenting on an issue, try to include suggestions for how the author
534 could fix it. This not only helps the author to understand and fix the issue,
535 it also deepens and improves your understanding of the topic.
</p>
538 <p>Reviews do not need to exclusively point out problems. Positive
539 reviews indicate that it is not only the original author of the
540 patches who care about the issue the patches address, and are
541 highly encouraged.
</p>
544 <p>Do not hesitate to give positive reviews on a series from your
545 work colleague. If your positive review is written well, it will
546 not make you look as if you two are representing corporate
547 interest on a series that is otherwise uninteresting to other
548 community members and shoving it down their throat.
</p>
551 <p>Write a positive review in such a way that others can understand
552 why you support the goal, the approach, and the implementation the
553 patches took. Make sure to demonstrate that you did thoroughly read
554 the series and understood problem area well enough to be able to
555 say that the patches are written well. Feel free to
"think out
556 loud" in your review: describe how you read
& understood a complex section of
557 a patch, ask a question about something that confused you, point out something
558 you found exceptionally well-written, etc.
</p>
561 <p>In particular, uplifting feedback goes a long way towards
562 encouraging contributors to participate more actively in the Git
569 <h4 id=
"_performing_your_review">Performing your review
</h4>
573 <p>Provide your review comments per-patch in a plaintext
"Reply-All" email to the
574 relevant patch. Comments should be made inline, immediately below the relevant
578 <p>You may find that the limited context provided in the patch diff is sometimes
579 insufficient for a thorough review. In such cases, you can review patches in
580 your local tree by either applying patches with
<a href=
"git-am.html">git-am(
1)
</a> or checking
581 out the associated branch from
<a href=
"https://github.com/gitster/git" class=
"bare">https://github.com/gitster/git
</a> once the series
582 is tracked there.
</p>
585 <p>Large, complicated patch diffs are sometimes unavoidable, such as when they
586 refactor existing code. If you find such a patch difficult to parse, try
587 reviewing the diff produced with the
<code>--color-moved
</code> and/or
588 <code>--ignore-space-change
</code> options.
</p>
591 <p>If a patch is long, you are encouraged to delete parts of it that are
592 unrelated to your review from the email reply. Make sure to leave enough
593 context for readers to understand your comments!
</p>
596 <p>If you cannot complete a full review of a series all at once, consider letting
597 the author know (on- or off-list) if/when you plan to review the rest of the
605 <h3 id=
"_completing_a_review">Completing a review
</h3>
606 <div class=
"paragraph">
607 <p>Once each patch of a series is reviewed, the author (and/or other contributors)
608 may discuss the review(s). This may result in no changes being applied, or the
609 author will send a new version of their patch(es).
</p>
611 <div class=
"paragraph">
612 <p>After a series is rerolled in response to your or others' review, make sure to
613 re-review the updates. If you are happy with the state of the patch series,
614 explicitly indicate your approval (typically with a reply to the latest
615 version
’s cover letter). Optionally, you can let the author know that they can
616 add a
"Reviewed-by: <you>" trailer if they resubmit the reviewed patch verbatim
617 in a later iteration of the series.
</p>
619 <div class=
"paragraph">
620 <p>Finally, subsequent
"What’s cooking" emails may explicitly ask whether a
621 reviewed topic is ready for merging to the
<code>next
</code> branch (typically phrased
622 "Will merge to 'next\'?"). You can help the maintainer and author by responding
623 with a short description of the state of your (and others', if applicable)
624 review, including the links to the relevant thread(s).
</p>
630 <h2 id=
"_terminology">Terminology
</h2>
631 <div class=
"sectionbody">
634 <dt class=
"hdlist1">nit:
</dt>
636 <p>Denotes a small issue that should be fixed, such as a typographical error
637 or misalignment of conditions in an
<code>if()
</code> statement.
</p>
639 <dt class=
"hdlist1">aside:
</dt>
640 <dt class=
"hdlist1">optional:
</dt>
641 <dt class=
"hdlist1">non-blocking:
</dt>
643 <p>Indicates to the reader that the following comment should not block the
644 acceptance of the patch or series. These are typically recommendations
645 related to code organization
& style, or musings about topics related to
646 the patch in question, but beyond its scope.
</p>
648 <dt class=
"hdlist1">s/
<before
>/
<after
>/
</dt>
650 <p>Shorthand for
"you wrote <before>, but I think you meant <after>," usually
651 for misspellings or other typographical errors. The syntax is a reference
652 to
"substitute" command commonly found in Unix tools such as
<code>ed
</code>,
<code>sed
</code>,
653 <code>vim
</code>, and
<code>perl
</code>.
</p>
655 <dt class=
"hdlist1">cover letter
</dt>
657 <p>The
"Patch 0" of a multi-patch series. This email describes the
658 high-level intent and structure of the patch series to readers on the
659 Git mailing list. It is also where the changelog notes and range-diff of
660 subsequent versions are provided by the author.
</p>
661 <div class=
"paragraph">
662 <p>On single-patch submissions, cover letter content is typically not sent as a
663 separate email. Instead, it is inserted between the end of the patch
’s commit
664 message (after the
<code>---
</code>) and the beginning of the diff.
</p>
667 <dt class=
"hdlist1">#leftoverbits
</dt>
669 <p>Used by either an author or a reviewer to describe features or suggested
670 changes that are out-of-scope of a given patch or series, but are relevant
671 to the topic for the sake of discussion.
</p>
678 <h2 id=
"_see_also">See Also
</h2>
679 <div class=
"sectionbody">
680 <div class=
"paragraph">
681 <p><a href=
"MyFirstContribution.html">MyFirstContribution
</a></p>
687 <div id=
"footer-text">
688 Last updated
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