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441 <body class=
"manpage">
443 <h1>git-notes(
1) Manual Page
</h1>
444 <h2 id=
"_name">NAME
</h2>
445 <div class=
"sectionbody">
446 <p>git-notes - Add or inspect object notes
</p>
451 <h2 id=
"_synopsis">SYNOPSIS
</h2>
452 <div class=
"sectionbody">
453 <div class=
"verseblock">
454 <pre class=
"content"><em>git notes
</em> [list [
<object
>]]
455 <em>git notes
</em> add [-f] [--allow-empty] [--[no-]separator | --separator=
<paragraph-break
>] [--[no-]stripspace] [-F
<file
> | -m
<msg
> | (-c | -C)
<object
>] [
<object
>]
456 <em>git notes
</em> copy [-f] ( --stdin |
<from-object
> [
<to-object
>] )
457 <em>git notes
</em> append [--allow-empty] [--[no-]separator | --separator=
<paragraph-break
>] [--[no-]stripspace] [-F
<file
> | -m
<msg
> | (-c | -C)
<object
>] [
<object
>]
458 <em>git notes
</em> edit [--allow-empty] [
<object
>] [--[no-]stripspace]
459 <em>git notes
</em> show [
<object
>]
460 <em>git notes
</em> merge [-v | -q] [-s
<strategy
> ]
<notes-ref
>
461 <em>git notes
</em> merge --commit [-v | -q]
462 <em>git notes
</em> merge --abort [-v | -q]
463 <em>git notes
</em> remove [--ignore-missing] [--stdin] [
<object
>…​]
464 <em>git notes
</em> prune [-n] [-v]
465 <em>git notes
</em> get-ref
</pre>
470 <h2 id=
"_description">DESCRIPTION
</h2>
471 <div class=
"sectionbody">
472 <div class=
"paragraph">
473 <p>Adds, removes, or reads notes attached to objects, without touching
474 the objects themselves.
</p>
476 <div class=
"paragraph">
477 <p>By default, notes are saved to and read from
<code>refs/notes/commits
</code>, but
478 this default can be overridden. See the OPTIONS, CONFIGURATION, and
479 ENVIRONMENT sections below. If this ref does not exist, it will be
480 quietly created when it is first needed to store a note.
</p>
482 <div class=
"paragraph">
483 <p>A typical use of notes is to supplement a commit message without
484 changing the commit itself. Notes can be shown by
<em>git log
</em> along with
485 the original commit message. To distinguish these notes from the
486 message stored in the commit object, the notes are indented like the
487 message, after an unindented line saying
"Notes (<refname>):" (or
488 "Notes:" for
<code>refs/notes/commits
</code>).
</p>
490 <div class=
"paragraph">
491 <p>Notes can also be added to patches prepared with
<code>git format-patch
</code> by
492 using the
<code>--notes
</code> option. Such notes are added as a patch commentary
493 after a three dash separator line.
</p>
495 <div class=
"paragraph">
496 <p>To change which notes are shown by
<em>git log
</em>, see the
497 "notes.displayRef" discussion in
<a href=
"#CONFIGURATION">CONFIGURATION
</a>.
</p>
499 <div class=
"paragraph">
500 <p>See the
"notes.rewrite.<command>" configuration for a way to carry
501 notes across commands that rewrite commits.
</p>
506 <h2 id=
"_subcommands">SUBCOMMANDS
</h2>
507 <div class=
"sectionbody">
510 <dt class=
"hdlist1">list
</dt>
512 <p>List the notes object for a given object. If no object is
513 given, show a list of all note objects and the objects they
514 annotate (in the format
"<note-object> <annotated-object>").
515 This is the default subcommand if no subcommand is given.
</p>
517 <dt class=
"hdlist1">add
</dt>
519 <p>Add notes for a given object (defaults to HEAD). Abort if the
520 object already has notes (use
<code>-f
</code> to overwrite existing notes).
521 However, if you
’re using
<code>add
</code> interactively (using an editor
522 to supply the notes contents), then - instead of aborting -
523 the existing notes will be opened in the editor (like the
<code>edit
</code>
524 subcommand). If you specify multiple
<code>-m
</code> and
<code>-F
</code>, a blank
525 line will be inserted between the messages. Use the
<code>--separator
</code>
526 option to insert other delimiters.
</p>
528 <dt class=
"hdlist1">copy
</dt>
530 <p>Copy the notes for the first object onto the second object (defaults to
531 HEAD). Abort if the second object already has notes, or if the first
532 object has none (use -f to overwrite existing notes to the
533 second object). This subcommand is equivalent to:
534 <code>git notes add [-f] -C $(git notes list
<from-object
>)
<to-object
></code></p>
535 <div class=
"paragraph">
536 <p>In
<code>--stdin
</code> mode, take lines in the format
</p>
538 <div class=
"listingblock">
539 <div class=
"content">
540 <pre><from-object
> SP
<to-object
> [ SP
<rest
> ] LF
</pre>
543 <div class=
"paragraph">
544 <p>on standard input, and copy the notes from each
<from-object
> to its
545 corresponding
<to-object
>. (The optional
<code><rest
></code> is ignored so that
546 the command can read the input given to the
<code>post-rewrite
</code> hook.)
</p>
549 <dt class=
"hdlist1">append
</dt>
551 <p>Append new message(s) given by
<code>-m
</code> or
<code>-F
</code> options to an
552 existing note, or add them as a new note if one does not
553 exist, for the object (defaults to HEAD). When appending to
554 an existing note, a blank line is added before each new
555 message as an inter-paragraph separator. The separator can
556 be customized with the
<code>--separator
</code> option.
</p>
558 <dt class=
"hdlist1">edit
</dt>
560 <p>Edit the notes for a given object (defaults to HEAD).
</p>
562 <dt class=
"hdlist1">show
</dt>
564 <p>Show the notes for a given object (defaults to HEAD).
</p>
566 <dt class=
"hdlist1">merge
</dt>
568 <p>Merge the given notes ref into the current notes ref.
569 This will try to merge the changes made by the given
570 notes ref (called
"remote") since the merge-base (if
571 any) into the current notes ref (called
"local").
</p>
572 <div class=
"paragraph">
573 <p>If conflicts arise and a strategy for automatically resolving
574 conflicting notes (see the
"NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section) is not given,
575 the
"manual" resolver is used. This resolver checks out the
576 conflicting notes in a special worktree (
<code>.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE
</code>),
577 and instructs the user to manually resolve the conflicts there.
578 When done, the user can either finalize the merge with
579 <em>git notes merge --commit
</em>, or abort the merge with
580 <em>git notes merge --abort
</em>.
</p>
583 <dt class=
"hdlist1">remove
</dt>
585 <p>Remove the notes for given objects (defaults to HEAD). When
586 giving zero or one object from the command line, this is
587 equivalent to specifying an empty note message to
588 the
<code>edit
</code> subcommand.
</p>
590 <dt class=
"hdlist1">prune
</dt>
592 <p>Remove all notes for non-existing/unreachable objects.
</p>
594 <dt class=
"hdlist1">get-ref
</dt>
596 <p>Print the current notes ref. This provides an easy way to
597 retrieve the current notes ref (e.g. from scripts).
</p>
604 <h2 id=
"_options">OPTIONS
</h2>
605 <div class=
"sectionbody">
608 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-f
</dt>
609 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--force
</dt>
611 <p>When adding notes to an object that already has notes,
612 overwrite the existing notes (instead of aborting).
</p>
614 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-m
<msg
></dt>
615 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--message=
<msg
></dt>
617 <p>Use the given note message (instead of prompting).
618 If multiple
<code>-m
</code> options are given, their values
619 are concatenated as separate paragraphs.
620 Lines starting with
<code>#
</code> and empty lines other than a
621 single line between paragraphs will be stripped out.
622 If you wish to keep them verbatim, use
<code>--no-stripspace
</code>.
</p>
624 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-F
<file
></dt>
625 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--file=
<file
></dt>
627 <p>Take the note message from the given file. Use
<em>-
</em> to
628 read the note message from the standard input.
629 Lines starting with
<code>#
</code> and empty lines other than a
630 single line between paragraphs will be stripped out.
631 If you wish to keep them verbatim, use
<code>--no-stripspace
</code>.
</p>
633 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-C
<object
></dt>
634 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--reuse-message=
<object
></dt>
636 <p>Take the given blob object (for example, another note) as the
637 note message. (Use
<code>git notes copy
<object
></code> instead to
638 copy notes between objects.). By default, message will be
639 copied verbatim, but if you wish to strip out the lines
640 starting with
<code>#
</code> and empty lines other than a single line
641 between paragraphs, use with`--stripspace` option.
</p>
643 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-c
<object
></dt>
644 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--reedit-message=
<object
></dt>
646 <p>Like
<em>-C
</em>, but with
<code>-c
</code> the editor is invoked, so that
647 the user can further edit the note message.
</p>
649 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--allow-empty
</dt>
651 <p>Allow an empty note object to be stored. The default behavior is
652 to automatically remove empty notes.
</p>
654 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--[no-]separator, --separator=
<paragraph-break
></dt>
656 <p>Specify a string used as a custom inter-paragraph separator
657 (a newline is added at the end as needed). If
<code>--no-separator
</code>, no
658 separators will be added between paragraphs. Defaults to a blank
661 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--[no-]stripspace
</dt>
663 <p>Strip leading and trailing whitespace from the note message.
664 Also strip out empty lines other than a single line between
665 paragraphs. Lines starting with
<code>#
</code> will be stripped out
666 in non-editor cases like
<code>-m
</code>,
<code>-F
</code> and
<code>-C
</code>, but not in
667 editor case like
<code>git notes edit
</code>,
<code>-c
</code>, etc.
</p>
669 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--ref
<ref
></dt>
671 <p>Manipulate the notes tree in
<ref
>. This overrides
672 <code>GIT_NOTES_REF
</code> and the
"core.notesRef" configuration. The ref
673 specifies the full refname when it begins with
<code>refs/notes/
</code>; when it
674 begins with
<code>notes/
</code>,
<code>refs/
</code> and otherwise
<code>refs/notes/
</code> is prefixed
675 to form a full name of the ref.
</p>
677 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--ignore-missing
</dt>
679 <p>Do not consider it an error to request removing notes from an
680 object that does not have notes attached to it.
</p>
682 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--stdin
</dt>
684 <p>Also read the object names to remove notes from the standard
685 input (there is no reason you cannot combine this with object
686 names from the command line).
</p>
688 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-n
</dt>
689 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--dry-run
</dt>
691 <p>Do not remove anything; just report the object names whose notes
692 would be removed.
</p>
694 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-s
<strategy
></dt>
695 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--strategy=
<strategy
></dt>
697 <p>When merging notes, resolve notes conflicts using the given
698 strategy. The following strategies are recognized:
"manual"
699 (default),
"ours",
"theirs",
"union" and
"cat_sort_uniq".
700 This option overrides the
"notes.mergeStrategy" configuration setting.
701 See the
"NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section below for more
702 information on each notes merge strategy.
</p>
704 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--commit
</dt>
706 <p>Finalize an in-progress
<em>git notes merge
</em>. Use this option
707 when you have resolved the conflicts that
<em>git notes merge
</em>
708 stored in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE. This amends the partial
709 merge commit created by
<em>git notes merge
</em> (stored in
710 .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL) by adding the notes in
711 .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE. The notes ref stored in the
712 .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF symref is updated to the resulting commit.
</p>
714 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--abort
</dt>
716 <p>Abort/reset an in-progress
<em>git notes merge
</em>, i.e. a notes merge
717 with conflicts. This simply removes all files related to the
720 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-q
</dt>
721 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--quiet
</dt>
723 <p>When merging notes, operate quietly.
</p>
725 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-v
</dt>
726 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--verbose
</dt>
728 <p>When merging notes, be more verbose.
729 When pruning notes, report all object names whose notes are
737 <h2 id=
"_discussion">DISCUSSION
</h2>
738 <div class=
"sectionbody">
739 <div class=
"paragraph">
740 <p>Commit notes are blobs containing extra information about an object
741 (usually information to supplement a commit
’s message). These blobs
742 are taken from notes refs. A notes ref is usually a branch which
743 contains
"files" whose paths are the object names for the objects
744 they describe, with some directory separators included for performance
745 reasons
<sup class=
"footnote">[
<a id=
"_footnoteref_1" class=
"footnote" href=
"#_footnotedef_1" title=
"View footnote.">1</a>]
</sup>.
</p>
747 <div class=
"paragraph">
748 <p>Every notes change creates a new commit at the specified notes ref.
749 You can therefore inspect the history of the notes by invoking, e.g.,
750 <code>git log -p notes/commits
</code>. Currently the commit message only records
751 which operation triggered the update, and the commit authorship is
752 determined according to the usual rules (see
<a href=
"git-commit.html">git-commit(
1)
</a>).
753 These details may change in the future.
</p>
755 <div class=
"paragraph">
756 <p>It is also permitted for a notes ref to point directly to a tree
757 object, in which case the history of the notes can be read with
758 <code>git log -p -g
<refname
></code>.
</p>
763 <h2 id=
"_notes_merge_strategies">NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES
</h2>
764 <div class=
"sectionbody">
765 <div class=
"paragraph">
766 <p>The default notes merge strategy is
"manual", which checks out
767 conflicting notes in a special work tree for resolving notes conflicts
768 (
<code>.git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE
</code>), and instructs the user to resolve the
769 conflicts in that work tree.
770 When done, the user can either finalize the merge with
771 <em>git notes merge --commit
</em>, or abort the merge with
772 <em>git notes merge --abort
</em>.
</p>
774 <div class=
"paragraph">
775 <p>Users may select an automated merge strategy from among the following using
776 either -s/--strategy option or configuring notes.mergeStrategy accordingly:
</p>
778 <div class=
"paragraph">
779 <p>"ours" automatically resolves conflicting notes in favor of the local
780 version (i.e. the current notes ref).
</p>
782 <div class=
"paragraph">
783 <p>"theirs" automatically resolves notes conflicts in favor of the remote
784 version (i.e. the given notes ref being merged into the current notes
787 <div class=
"paragraph">
788 <p>"union" automatically resolves notes conflicts by concatenating the
789 local and remote versions.
</p>
791 <div class=
"paragraph">
792 <p>"cat_sort_uniq" is similar to
"union", but in addition to concatenating
793 the local and remote versions, this strategy also sorts the resulting
794 lines, and removes duplicate lines from the result. This is equivalent
795 to applying the
"cat | sort | uniq" shell pipeline to the local and
796 remote versions. This strategy is useful if the notes follow a line-based
797 format where one wants to avoid duplicated lines in the merge result.
798 Note that if either the local or remote version contain duplicate lines
799 prior to the merge, these will also be removed by this notes merge
805 <h2 id=
"_examples">EXAMPLES
</h2>
806 <div class=
"sectionbody">
807 <div class=
"paragraph">
808 <p>You can use notes to add annotations with information that was not
809 available at the time a commit was written.
</p>
811 <div class=
"listingblock">
812 <div class=
"content">
813 <pre>$ git notes add -m 'Tested-by: Johannes Sixt
<j6t@kdbg.org
>'
72a144e2
814 $ git show -s
72a144e
816 Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano
<gitster@pobox.com
>
819 Tested-by: Johannes Sixt
<j6t@kdbg.org
></pre>
822 <div class=
"paragraph">
823 <p>In principle, a note is a regular Git blob, and any kind of
824 (non-)format is accepted. You can binary-safely create notes from
825 arbitrary files using
<em>git hash-object
</em>:
</p>
827 <div class=
"listingblock">
828 <div class=
"content">
830 $ blob=$(git hash-object -w a.out)
831 $ git notes --ref=built add --allow-empty -C
"$blob" HEAD
</pre>
834 <div class=
"paragraph">
835 <p>(You cannot simply use
<code>git notes --ref=built add -F a.out HEAD
</code>
836 because that is not binary-safe.)
837 Of course, it doesn
’t make much sense to display non-text-format notes
838 with
<em>git log
</em>, so if you use such notes, you
’ll probably need to write
839 some special-purpose tools to do something useful with them.
</p>
844 <h2 id=
"CONFIGURATION">CONFIGURATION
</h2>
845 <div class=
"sectionbody">
848 <dt class=
"hdlist1">core.notesRef
</dt>
850 <p>Notes ref to read and manipulate instead of
851 <code>refs/notes/commits
</code>. Must be an unabbreviated ref name.
852 This setting can be overridden through the environment and
857 <div class=
"paragraph">
858 <p>Everything above this line in this section isn
’t included from the
859 <a href=
"git-config.html">git-config(
1)
</a> documentation. The content that follows is the
860 same as what
’s found there:
</p>
864 <dt class=
"hdlist1">notes.mergeStrategy
</dt>
866 <p>Which merge strategy to choose by default when resolving notes
867 conflicts. Must be one of
<code>manual
</code>,
<code>ours
</code>,
<code>theirs
</code>,
<code>union
</code>, or
868 <code>cat_sort_uniq
</code>. Defaults to
<code>manual
</code>. See the
"NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES"
869 section of
<a href=
"git-notes.html">git-notes(
1)
</a> for more information on each strategy.
</p>
870 <div class=
"paragraph">
871 <p>This setting can be overridden by passing the
<code>--strategy
</code> option to
872 <a href=
"git-notes.html">git-notes(
1)
</a>.
</p>
875 <dt class=
"hdlist1">notes.
<name
>.mergeStrategy
</dt>
877 <p>Which merge strategy to choose when doing a notes merge into
878 refs/notes/
<name
>. This overrides the more general
879 "notes.mergeStrategy". See the
"NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section in
880 <a href=
"git-notes.html">git-notes(
1)
</a> for more information on the available strategies.
</p>
882 <dt class=
"hdlist1">notes.displayRef
</dt>
884 <p>Which ref (or refs, if a glob or specified more than once), in
885 addition to the default set by
<code>core.notesRef
</code> or
886 <code>GIT_NOTES_REF
</code>, to read notes from when showing commit
887 messages with the
<em>git log
</em> family of commands.
</p>
888 <div class=
"paragraph">
889 <p>This setting can be overridden with the
<code>GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF
</code>
890 environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
893 <div class=
"paragraph">
894 <p>A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
895 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
</p>
897 <div class=
"paragraph">
898 <p>This setting can be disabled by the
<code>--no-notes
</code> option to the
<em>git
899 log
</em> family of commands, or by the
<code>--notes=
<ref
></code> option accepted by
902 <div class=
"paragraph">
903 <p>The effective value of
"core.notesRef" (possibly overridden by
904 GIT_NOTES_REF) is also implicitly added to the list of refs to be
908 <dt class=
"hdlist1">notes.rewrite.
<command
></dt>
910 <p>When rewriting commits with
<command
> (currently
<code>amend
</code> or
911 <code>rebase
</code>), if this variable is
<code>false
</code>, git will not copy
912 notes from the original to the rewritten commit. Defaults to
913 <code>true
</code>. See also
"<code>notes.rewriteRef</code>" below.
</p>
914 <div class=
"paragraph">
915 <p>This setting can be overridden with the
<code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF
</code>
916 environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
920 <dt class=
"hdlist1">notes.rewriteMode
</dt>
922 <p>When copying notes during a rewrite (see the
923 "notes.rewrite.<command>" option), determines what to do if
924 the target commit already has a note. Must be one of
925 <code>overwrite
</code>,
<code>concatenate
</code>,
<code>cat_sort_uniq
</code>, or
<code>ignore
</code>.
926 Defaults to
<code>concatenate
</code>.
</p>
927 <div class=
"paragraph">
928 <p>This setting can be overridden with the
<code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE
</code>
929 environment variable.
</p>
932 <dt class=
"hdlist1">notes.rewriteRef
</dt>
934 <p>When copying notes during a rewrite, specifies the (fully
935 qualified) ref whose notes should be copied. May be a glob,
936 in which case notes in all matching refs will be copied. You
937 may also specify this configuration several times.
</p>
938 <div class=
"paragraph">
939 <p>Does not have a default value; you must configure this variable to
940 enable note rewriting. Set it to
<code>refs/notes/commits
</code> to enable
941 rewriting for the default commit notes.
</p>
943 <div class=
"paragraph">
944 <p>Can be overridden with the
<code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF
</code> environment variable.
945 See
<code>notes.rewrite.
<command
></code> above for a further description of its format.
</p>
953 <h2 id=
"_environment">ENVIRONMENT
</h2>
954 <div class=
"sectionbody">
957 <dt class=
"hdlist1"><code>GIT_NOTES_REF
</code></dt>
959 <p>Which ref to manipulate notes from, instead of
<code>refs/notes/commits
</code>.
960 This overrides the
<code>core.notesRef
</code> setting.
</p>
962 <dt class=
"hdlist1"><code>GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF
</code></dt>
964 <p>Colon-delimited list of refs or globs indicating which refs,
965 in addition to the default from
<code>core.notesRef
</code> or
966 <code>GIT_NOTES_REF
</code>, to read notes from when showing commit
968 This overrides the
<code>notes.displayRef
</code> setting.
</p>
969 <div class=
"paragraph">
970 <p>A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist, but a glob that
971 does not match any refs is silently ignored.
</p>
974 <dt class=
"hdlist1"><code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE
</code></dt>
976 <p>When copying notes during a rewrite, what to do if the target
977 commit already has a note.
978 Must be one of
<code>overwrite
</code>,
<code>concatenate
</code>,
<code>cat_sort_uniq
</code>, or
<code>ignore
</code>.
979 This overrides the
<code>core.rewriteMode
</code> setting.
</p>
981 <dt class=
"hdlist1"><code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF
</code></dt>
983 <p>When rewriting commits, which notes to copy from the original
984 to the rewritten commit. Must be a colon-delimited list of
986 <div class=
"paragraph">
987 <p>If not set in the environment, the list of notes to copy depends
988 on the
<code>notes.rewrite.
<command
></code> and
<code>notes.rewriteRef
</code> settings.
</p>
996 <h2 id=
"_git">GIT
</h2>
997 <div class=
"sectionbody">
998 <div class=
"paragraph">
999 <p>Part of the
<a href=
"git.html">git(
1)
</a> suite
</p>
1004 <div id=
"footnotes">
1006 <div class=
"footnote" id=
"_footnotedef_1">
1007 <a href=
"#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. Permitted pathnames have the form
<em>bf
</em><code>/
</code><em>fe
</em><code>/
</code><em>30</em><code>/
</code><em>…​</em><code>/
</code><em>680d5a
…​</em>: a sequence of directory names of two hexadecimal digits each followed by a filename with the rest of the object ID.
1011 <div id=
"footer-text">
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02-
08 15:
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