2 .\" Title: git-update-ref
3 .\" Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/author]
4 .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
7 .\" Source: Git 2.42.0.rc0
10 .TH "GIT\-UPDATE\-REF" "1" "2023\-08\-04" "Git 2\&.42\&.0\&.rc0" "Git Manual"
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12 .\" * Define some portability stuff
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15 .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
16 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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31 git-update-ref \- Update the object name stored in a ref safely
35 \fIgit update\-ref\fR [\-m <reason>] [\-\-no\-deref] (\-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [\-\-create\-reflog] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | \-\-stdin [\-z])
40 Given two arguments, stores the <newvalue> in the <ref>, possibly dereferencing the symbolic refs\&. E\&.g\&. \fBgit update\-ref HEAD <newvalue>\fR updates the current branch head to the new object\&.
42 Given three arguments, stores the <newvalue> in the <ref>, possibly dereferencing the symbolic refs, after verifying that the current value of the <ref> matches <oldvalue>\&. E\&.g\&. \fBgit update\-ref refs/heads/master <newvalue> <oldvalue>\fR updates the master branch head to <newvalue> only if its current value is <oldvalue>\&. You can specify 40 "0" or an empty string as <oldvalue> to make sure that the ref you are creating does not exist\&.
44 It also allows a "ref" file to be a symbolic pointer to another ref file by starting with the four\-byte header sequence of "ref:"\&.
46 More importantly, it allows the update of a ref file to follow these symbolic pointers, whether they are symlinks or these "regular file symbolic refs"\&. It follows \fBreal\fR symlinks only if they start with "refs/": otherwise it will just try to read them and update them as a regular file (i\&.e\&. it will allow the filesystem to follow them, but will overwrite such a symlink to somewhere else with a regular filename)\&.
48 If \-\-no\-deref is given, <ref> itself is overwritten, rather than the result of following the symbolic pointers\&.
56 git update\-ref HEAD "$head"
62 should be a \fIlot\fR safer than doing
68 echo "$head" > "$GIT_DIR/HEAD"
74 both from a symlink following standpoint \fBand\fR an error checking standpoint\&. The "refs/" rule for symlinks means that symlinks that point to "outside" the tree are safe: they\(cqll be followed for reading but not for writing (so we\(cqll never write through a ref symlink to some other tree, if you have copied a whole archive by creating a symlink tree)\&.
76 With \fB\-d\fR flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it still contains <oldvalue>\&.
78 With \fB\-\-stdin\fR, update\-ref reads instructions from standard input and performs all modifications together\&. Specify commands of the form:
84 update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
85 create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF
86 delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
87 verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
98 With \fB\-\-create\-reflog\fR, update\-ref will create a reflog for each ref even if one would not ordinarily be created\&.
100 Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source code; i\&.e\&., surrounded by double\-quotes and with backslash escapes\&. Use 40 "0" characters or the empty string to specify a zero value\&. To specify a missing value, omit the value and its preceding SP entirely\&.
102 Alternatively, use \fB\-z\fR to specify in NUL\-terminated format, without quoting:
108 update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
109 create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL
110 delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
111 verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
122 In this format, use 40 "0" to specify a zero value, and use the empty string to specify a missing value\&.
124 In either format, values can be specified in any form that Git recognizes as an object name\&. Commands in any other format or a repeated <ref> produce an error\&. Command meanings are:
128 Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given\&. Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist after the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the ref does not exist before the update\&.
133 Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not exist\&. The given <newvalue> may not be zero\&.
138 Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if given\&. If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero\&.
143 Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it\&. If <oldvalue> is zero or missing, the ref must not exist\&.
148 Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>\&. The only valid option is
150 to avoid dereferencing a symbolic ref\&.
155 Start a transaction\&. In contrast to a non\-transactional session, a transaction will automatically abort if the session ends without an explicit commit\&. This command may create a new empty transaction when the current one has been committed or aborted already\&.
160 Prepare to commit the transaction\&. This will create lock files for all queued reference updates\&. If one reference could not be locked, the transaction will be aborted\&.
165 Commit all reference updates queued for the transaction, ending the transaction\&.
170 Abort the transaction, releasing all locks if the transaction is in prepared state\&.
173 If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s simultaneously, all modifications are performed\&. Otherwise, no modifications are performed\&. Note that while each individual <ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may still see a subset of the modifications\&.
174 .SH "LOGGING UPDATES"
176 If config parameter "core\&.logAllRefUpdates" is true and the ref is one under "refs/heads/", "refs/remotes/", "refs/notes/", or a pseudoref like HEAD or ORIG_HEAD; or the file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" exists then \fBgit update\-ref\fR will append a line to the log file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" (dereferencing all symbolic refs before creating the log name) describing the change in ref value\&. Log lines are formatted as:
182 oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer LF
188 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer\(cqs name, email address and date in the standard Git committer ident format\&.
196 oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer TAB message LF
202 Where all fields are as described above and "message" is the value supplied to the \-m option\&.
204 An update will fail (without changing <ref>) if the current user is unable to create a new log file, append to the existing log file or does not have committer information available\&.
207 Part of the \fBgit\fR(1) suite