builtin-grep.c

   1 /*
   2  * Builtin "git grep"
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
   5  */
   6 #include "cache.h"
   7 #include "blob.h"
   8 #include "tree.h"
   9 #include "commit.h"
  10 #include "tag.h"
  11 #include "tree-walk.h"
  12 #include "builtin.h"
  13 #include "grep.h"
  14
  15 /*
  16  * git grep pathspecs are somewhat different from diff-tree pathspecs;
  17  * pathname wildcards are allowed.
  18  */
  19 static int pathspec_matches(const char **paths, const char *name)
  20 {
  21         int namelen, i;
  22         if (!paths || !*paths)
  23                 return 1;
  24         namelen = strlen(name);
  25         for (i = 0; paths[i]; i++) {
  26                 const char *match = paths[i];
  27                 int matchlen = strlen(match);
  28                 const char *cp, *meta;
  29
  30                 if (!matchlen ||
  31                     ((matchlen <= namelen) &&
  32                      !strncmp(name, match, matchlen) &&
  33                      (match[matchlen-1] == '/' ||
  34                       name[matchlen] == '\0' || name[matchlen] == '/')))
  35                         return 1;
  36                 if (!fnmatch(match, name, 0))
  37                         return 1;
  38                 if (name[namelen-1] != '/')
  39                         continue;
  40
  41                 /* We are being asked if the directory ("name") is worth
  42                  * descending into.
  43                  *
  44                  * Find the longest leading directory name that does
  45                  * not have metacharacter in the pathspec; the name
  46                  * we are looking at must overlap with that directory.
  47                  */
  48                 for (cp = match, meta = NULL; cp - match < matchlen; cp++) {
  49                         char ch = *cp;
  50                         if (ch == '*' || ch == '[' || ch == '?') {
  51                                 meta = cp;
  52                                 break;
  53                         }
  54                 }
  55                 if (!meta)
  56                         meta = cp; /* fully literal */
  57
  58                 if (namelen <= meta - match) {
  59                         /* Looking at "Documentation/" and
  60                          * the pattern says "Documentation/howto/", or
  61                          * "Documentation/diff*.txt".  The name we
  62                          * have should match prefix.
  63                          */
  64                         if (!memcmp(match, name, namelen))
  65                                 return 1;
  66                         continue;
  67                 }
  68
  69                 if (meta - match < namelen) {
  70                         /* Looking at "Documentation/howto/" and
  71                          * the pattern says "Documentation/h*";
  72                          * match up to "Do.../h"; this avoids descending
  73                          * into "Documentation/technical/".
  74                          */
  75                         if (!memcmp(match, name, meta - match))
  76                                 return 1;
  77                         continue;
  78                 }
  79         }
  80         return 0;
  81 }
  82
  83 static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name, int tree_name_len)
  84 {
  85         unsigned long size;
  86         char *data;
  87         char type[20];
  88         char *to_free = NULL;
  89         int hit;
  90
  91         data = read_sha1_file(sha1, type, &size);
  92         if (!data) {
  93                 error("'%s': unable to read %s", name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
  94                 return 0;
  95         }
  96         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
  97                 static char name_buf[PATH_MAX];
  98                 char *cp;
  99                 int name_len = strlen(name) - opt->prefix_length + 1;
 100
 101                 if (!tree_name_len)
 102                         name += opt->prefix_length;
 103                 else {
 104                         if (ARRAY_SIZE(name_buf) <= name_len)
 105                                 cp = to_free = xmalloc(name_len);
 106                         else
 107                                 cp = name_buf;
 108                         memcpy(cp, name, tree_name_len);
 109                         strcpy(cp + tree_name_len,
 110                                name + tree_name_len + opt->prefix_length);
 111                         name = cp;
 112                 }
 113         }
 114         hit = grep_buffer(opt, name, data, size);
 115         free(data);
 116         free(to_free);
 117         return hit;
 118 }
 119
 120 static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 121 {
 122         struct stat st;
 123         int i;
 124         char *data;
 125         if (lstat(filename, &st) < 0) {
 126         err_ret:
 127                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 128                         error("'%s': %s", filename, strerror(errno));
 129                 return 0;
 130         }
 131         if (!st.st_size)
 132                 return 0; /* empty file -- no grep hit */
 133         if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
 134                 return 0;
 135         i = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 136         if (i < 0)
 137                 goto err_ret;
 138         data = xmalloc(st.st_size + 1);
 139         if (st.st_size != xread(i, data, st.st_size)) {
 140                 error("'%s': short read %s", filename, strerror(errno));
 141                 close(i);
 142                 free(data);
 143                 return 0;
 144         }
 145         close(i);
 146         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
 147                 filename += opt->prefix_length;
 148         i = grep_buffer(opt, filename, data, st.st_size);
 149         free(data);
 150         return i;
 151 }
 152
 153 static int exec_grep(int argc, const char **argv)
 154 {
 155         pid_t pid;
 156         int status;
 157
 158         argv[argc] = NULL;
 159         pid = fork();
 160         if (pid < 0)
 161                 return pid;
 162         if (!pid) {
 163                 execvp("grep", (char **) argv);
 164                 exit(255);
 165         }
 166         while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0) {
 167                 if (errno == EINTR)
 168                         continue;
 169                 return -1;
 170         }
 171         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 172                 if (!WEXITSTATUS(status))
 173                         return 1;
 174                 return 0;
 175         }
 176         return -1;
 177 }
 178
 179 #define MAXARGS 1000
 180 #define ARGBUF 4096
 181 #define push_arg(a) do { \
 182         if (nr < MAXARGS) argv[nr++] = (a); \
 183         else die("maximum number of args exceeded"); \
 184         } while (0)
 185
 186 static int external_grep(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths, int cached)
 187 {
 188         int i, nr, argc, hit, len, status;
 189         const char *argv[MAXARGS+1];
 190         char randarg[ARGBUF];
 191         char *argptr = randarg;
 192         struct grep_pat *p;
 193
 194         if (opt->extended || (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length))
 195                 return -1;
 196         len = nr = 0;
 197         push_arg("grep");
 198         if (opt->fixed)
 199                 push_arg("-F");
 200         if (opt->linenum)
 201                 push_arg("-n");
 202         if (!opt->pathname)
 203                 push_arg("-h");
 204         if (opt->regflags & REG_EXTENDED)
 205                 push_arg("-E");
 206         if (opt->regflags & REG_ICASE)
 207                 push_arg("-i");
 208         if (opt->word_regexp)
 209                 push_arg("-w");
 210         if (opt->name_only)
 211                 push_arg("-l");
 212         if (opt->unmatch_name_only)
 213                 push_arg("-L");
 214         if (opt->count)
 215                 push_arg("-c");
 216         if (opt->post_context || opt->pre_context) {
 217                 if (opt->post_context != opt->pre_context) {
 218                         if (opt->pre_context) {
 219                                 push_arg("-B");
 220                                 len += snprintf(argptr, sizeof(randarg)-len,
 221                                                 "%u", opt->pre_context);
 222                                 if (sizeof(randarg) <= len)
 223                                         die("maximum length of args exceeded");
 224                                 push_arg(argptr);
 225                                 argptr += len;
 226                         }
 227                         if (opt->post_context) {
 228                                 push_arg("-A");
 229                                 len += snprintf(argptr, sizeof(randarg)-len,
 230                                                 "%u", opt->post_context);
 231                                 if (sizeof(randarg) <= len)
 232                                         die("maximum length of args exceeded");
 233                                 push_arg(argptr);
 234                                 argptr += len;
 235                         }
 236                 }
 237                 else {
 238                         push_arg("-C");
 239                         len += snprintf(argptr, sizeof(randarg)-len,
 240                                         "%u", opt->post_context);
 241                         if (sizeof(randarg) <= len)
 242                                 die("maximum length of args exceeded");
 243                         push_arg(argptr);
 244                         argptr += len;
 245                 }
 246         }
 247         for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
 248                 push_arg("-e");
 249                 push_arg(p->pattern);
 250         }
 251
 252         /*
 253          * To make sure we get the header printed out when we want it,
 254          * add /dev/null to the paths to grep.  This is unnecessary
 255          * (and wrong) with "-l" or "-L", which always print out the
 256          * name anyway.
 257          *
 258          * GNU grep has "-H", but this is portable.
 259          */
 260         if (!opt->name_only && !opt->unmatch_name_only)
 261                 push_arg("/dev/null");
 262
 263         hit = 0;
 264         argc = nr;
 265         for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 266                 struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 267                 char *name;
 268                 if (!S_ISREG(ntohl(ce->ce_mode)))
 269                         continue;
 270                 if (!pathspec_matches(paths, ce->name))
 271                         continue;
 272                 name = ce->name;
 273                 if (name[0] == '-') {
 274                         int len = ce_namelen(ce);
 275                         name = xmalloc(len + 3);
 276                         memcpy(name, "./", 2);
 277                         memcpy(name + 2, ce->name, len + 1);
 278                 }
 279                 argv[argc++] = name;
 280                 if (argc < MAXARGS && !ce_stage(ce))
 281                         continue;
 282                 status = exec_grep(argc, argv);
 283                 if (0 < status)
 284                         hit = 1;
 285                 argc = nr;
 286                 if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 287                         do {
 288                                 i++;
 289                         } while (i < active_nr &&
 290                                  !strcmp(ce->name, active_cache[i]->name));
 291                         i--; /* compensate for loop control */
 292                 }
 293         }
 294         if (argc > nr) {
 295                 status = exec_grep(argc, argv);
 296                 if (0 < status)
 297                         hit = 1;
 298         }
 299         return hit;
 300 }
 301
 302 static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths, int cached)
 303 {
 304         int hit = 0;
 305         int nr;
 306         read_cache();
 307
 308 #ifdef __unix__
 309         /*
 310          * Use the external "grep" command for the case where
 311          * we grep through the checked-out files. It tends to
 312          * be a lot more optimized
 313          */
 314         if (!cached) {
 315                 hit = external_grep(opt, paths, cached);
 316                 if (hit >= 0)
 317                         return hit;
 318         }
 319 #endif
 320
 321         for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
 322                 struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
 323                 if (!S_ISREG(ntohl(ce->ce_mode)))
 324                         continue;
 325                 if (!pathspec_matches(paths, ce->name))
 326                         continue;
 327                 if (cached) {
 328                         if (ce_stage(ce))
 329                                 continue;
 330                         hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
 331                 }
 332                 else
 333                         hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
 334                 if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 335                         do {
 336                                 nr++;
 337                         } while (nr < active_nr &&
 338                                  !strcmp(ce->name, active_cache[nr]->name));
 339                         nr--; /* compensate for loop control */
 340                 }
 341         }
 342         free_grep_patterns(opt);
 343         return hit;
 344 }
 345
 346 static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths,
 347                      struct tree_desc *tree,
 348                      const char *tree_name, const char *base)
 349 {
 350         int len;
 351         int hit = 0;
 352         struct name_entry entry;
 353         char *down;
 354         int tn_len = strlen(tree_name);
 355         char *path_buf = xmalloc(PATH_MAX + tn_len + 100);
 356
 357         if (tn_len) {
 358                 tn_len = sprintf(path_buf, "%s:", tree_name);
 359                 down = path_buf + tn_len;
 360                 strcat(down, base);
 361         }
 362         else {
 363                 down = path_buf;
 364                 strcpy(down, base);
 365         }
 366         len = strlen(path_buf);
 367
 368         while (tree_entry(tree, &entry)) {
 369                 strcpy(path_buf + len, entry.path);
 370
 371                 if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
 372                         /* Match "abc/" against pathspec to
 373                          * decide if we want to descend into "abc"
 374                          * directory.
 375                          */
 376                         strcpy(path_buf + len + entry.pathlen, "/");
 377
 378                 if (!pathspec_matches(paths, down))
 379                         ;
 380                 else if (S_ISREG(entry.mode))
 381                         hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, path_buf, tn_len);
 382                 else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
 383                         char type[20];
 384                         struct tree_desc sub;
 385                         void *data;
 386                         data = read_sha1_file(entry.sha1, type, &sub.size);
 387                         if (!data)
 388                                 die("unable to read tree (%s)",
 389                                     sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1));
 390                         sub.buf = data;
 391                         hit |= grep_tree(opt, paths, &sub, tree_name, down);
 392                         free(data);
 393                 }
 394         }
 395         return hit;
 396 }
 397
 398 static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths,
 399                        struct object *obj, const char *name)
 400 {
 401         if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
 402                 return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0);
 403         if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 404                 struct tree_desc tree;
 405                 void *data;
 406                 int hit;
 407                 data = read_object_with_reference(obj->sha1, tree_type,
 408                                                   &tree.size, NULL);
 409                 if (!data)
 410                         die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
 411                 tree.buf = data;
 412                 hit = grep_tree(opt, paths, &tree, name, "");
 413                 free(data);
 414                 return hit;
 415         }
 416         die("unable to grep from object of type %s", typename(obj->type));
 417 }
 418
 419 static const char builtin_grep_usage[] =
 420 "git-grep <option>* <rev>* [-e] <pattern> [<path>...]";
 421
 422 static const char emsg_invalid_context_len[] =
 423 "%s: invalid context length argument";
 424 static const char emsg_missing_context_len[] =
 425 "missing context length argument";
 426 static const char emsg_missing_argument[] =
 427 "option requires an argument -%s";
 428
 429 int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 430 {
 431         int hit = 0;
 432         int cached = 0;
 433         int seen_dashdash = 0;
 434         struct grep_opt opt;
 435         struct object_array list = { 0, 0, NULL };
 436         const char **paths = NULL;
 437         int i;
 438
 439         memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 440         opt.prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 441         opt.relative = 1;
 442         opt.pathname = 1;
 443         opt.pattern_tail = &opt.pattern_list;
 444         opt.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
 445
 446         /*
 447          * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
 448          * tree.  If there is no explicit pattern specified with -e or
 449          * -f, we take the first unrecognized non option to be the
 450          * pattern, but then what follows it must be zero or more
 451          * valid refs up to the -- (if exists), and then existing
 452          * paths.  If there is an explicit pattern, then the first
 453          * unrecognized non option is the beginning of the refs list
 454          * that continues up to the -- (if exists), and then paths.
 455          */
 456
 457         while (1 < argc) {
 458                 const char *arg = argv[1];
 459                 argc--; argv++;
 460                 if (!strcmp("--cached", arg)) {
 461                         cached = 1;
 462                         continue;
 463                 }
 464                 if (!strcmp("-a", arg) ||
 465                     !strcmp("--text", arg)) {
 466                         opt.binary = GREP_BINARY_TEXT;
 467                         continue;
 468                 }
 469                 if (!strcmp("-i", arg) ||
 470                     !strcmp("--ignore-case", arg)) {
 471                         opt.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
 472                         continue;
 473                 }
 474                 if (!strcmp("-I", arg)) {
 475                         opt.binary = GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH;
 476                         continue;
 477                 }
 478                 if (!strcmp("-v", arg) ||
 479                     !strcmp("--invert-match", arg)) {
 480                         opt.invert = 1;
 481                         continue;
 482                 }
 483                 if (!strcmp("-E", arg) ||
 484                     !strcmp("--extended-regexp", arg)) {
 485                         opt.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
 486                         continue;
 487                 }
 488                 if (!strcmp("-F", arg) ||
 489                     !strcmp("--fixed-strings", arg)) {
 490                         opt.fixed = 1;
 491                         continue;
 492                 }
 493                 if (!strcmp("-G", arg) ||
 494                     !strcmp("--basic-regexp", arg)) {
 495                         opt.regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
 496                         continue;
 497                 }
 498                 if (!strcmp("-n", arg)) {
 499                         opt.linenum = 1;
 500                         continue;
 501                 }
 502                 if (!strcmp("-h", arg)) {
 503                         opt.pathname = 0;
 504                         continue;
 505                 }
 506                 if (!strcmp("-H", arg)) {
 507                         opt.pathname = 1;
 508                         continue;
 509                 }
 510                 if (!strcmp("-l", arg) ||
 511                     !strcmp("--files-with-matches", arg)) {
 512                         opt.name_only = 1;
 513                         continue;
 514                 }
 515                 if (!strcmp("-L", arg) ||
 516                     !strcmp("--files-without-match", arg)) {
 517                         opt.unmatch_name_only = 1;
 518                         continue;
 519                 }
 520                 if (!strcmp("-c", arg) ||
 521                     !strcmp("--count", arg)) {
 522                         opt.count = 1;
 523                         continue;
 524                 }
 525                 if (!strcmp("-w", arg) ||
 526                     !strcmp("--word-regexp", arg)) {
 527                         opt.word_regexp = 1;
 528                         continue;
 529                 }
 530                 if (!strncmp("-A", arg, 2) ||
 531                     !strncmp("-B", arg, 2) ||
 532                     !strncmp("-C", arg, 2) ||
 533                     (arg[0] == '-' && '1' <= arg[1] && arg[1] <= '9')) {
 534                         unsigned num;
 535                         const char *scan;
 536                         switch (arg[1]) {
 537                         case 'A': case 'B': case 'C':
 538                                 if (!arg[2]) {
 539                                         if (argc <= 1)
 540                                                 die(emsg_missing_context_len);
 541                                         scan = *++argv;
 542                                         argc--;
 543                                 }
 544                                 else
 545                                         scan = arg + 2;
 546                                 break;
 547                         default:
 548                                 scan = arg + 1;
 549                                 break;
 550                         }
 551                         if (sscanf(scan, "%u", &num) != 1)
 552                                 die(emsg_invalid_context_len, scan);
 553                         switch (arg[1]) {
 554                         case 'A':
 555                                 opt.post_context = num;
 556                                 break;
 557                         default:
 558                         case 'C':
 559                                 opt.post_context = num;
 560                         case 'B':
 561                                 opt.pre_context = num;
 562                                 break;
 563                         }
 564                         continue;
 565                 }
 566                 if (!strcmp("-f", arg)) {
 567                         FILE *patterns;
 568                         int lno = 0;
 569                         char buf[1024];
 570                         if (argc <= 1)
 571                                 die(emsg_missing_argument, arg);
 572                         patterns = fopen(argv[1], "r");
 573                         if (!patterns)
 574                                 die("'%s': %s", argv[1], strerror(errno));
 575                         while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), patterns)) {
 576                                 int len = strlen(buf);
 577                                 if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
 578                                         buf[len-1] = 0;
 579                                 /* ignore empty line like grep does */
 580                                 if (!buf[0])
 581                                         continue;
 582                                 append_grep_pattern(&opt, xstrdup(buf),
 583                                                     argv[1], ++lno,
 584                                                     GREP_PATTERN);
 585                         }
 586                         fclose(patterns);
 587                         argv++;
 588                         argc--;
 589                         continue;
 590                 }
 591                 if (!strcmp("--not", arg)) {
 592                         append_grep_pattern(&opt, arg, "command line", 0,
 593                                             GREP_NOT);
 594                         continue;
 595                 }
 596                 if (!strcmp("--and", arg)) {
 597                         append_grep_pattern(&opt, arg, "command line", 0,
 598                                             GREP_AND);
 599                         continue;
 600                 }
 601                 if (!strcmp("--or", arg))
 602                         continue; /* no-op */
 603                 if (!strcmp("(", arg)) {
 604                         append_grep_pattern(&opt, arg, "command line", 0,
 605                                             GREP_OPEN_PAREN);
 606                         continue;
 607                 }
 608                 if (!strcmp(")", arg)) {
 609                         append_grep_pattern(&opt, arg, "command line", 0,
 610                                             GREP_CLOSE_PAREN);
 611                         continue;
 612                 }
 613                 if (!strcmp("--all-match", arg)) {
 614                         opt.all_match = 1;
 615                         continue;
 616                 }
 617                 if (!strcmp("-e", arg)) {
 618                         if (1 < argc) {
 619                                 append_grep_pattern(&opt, argv[1],
 620                                                     "-e option", 0,
 621                                                     GREP_PATTERN);
 622                                 argv++;
 623                                 argc--;
 624                                 continue;
 625                         }
 626                         die(emsg_missing_argument, arg);
 627                 }
 628                 if (!strcmp("--full-name", arg)) {
 629                         opt.relative = 0;
 630                         continue;
 631                 }
 632                 if (!strcmp("--", arg)) {
 633                         /* later processing wants to have this at argv[1] */
 634                         argv--;
 635                         argc++;
 636                         break;
 637                 }
 638                 if (*arg == '-')
 639                         usage(builtin_grep_usage);
 640
 641                 /* First unrecognized non-option token */
 642                 if (!opt.pattern_list) {
 643                         append_grep_pattern(&opt, arg, "command line", 0,
 644                                             GREP_PATTERN);
 645                         break;
 646                 }
 647                 else {
 648                         /* We are looking at the first path or rev;
 649                          * it is found at argv[1] after leaving the
 650                          * loop.
 651                          */
 652                         argc++; argv--;
 653                         break;
 654                 }
 655         }
 656
 657         if (!opt.pattern_list)
 658                 die("no pattern given.");
 659         if ((opt.regflags != REG_NEWLINE) && opt.fixed)
 660                 die("cannot mix --fixed-strings and regexp");
 661         compile_grep_patterns(&opt);
 662
 663         /* Check revs and then paths */
 664         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 665                 const char *arg = argv[i];
 666                 unsigned char sha1[20];
 667                 /* Is it a rev? */
 668                 if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
 669                         struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
 670                         if (!object)
 671                                 die("bad object %s", arg);
 672                         add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
 673                         continue;
 674                 }
 675                 if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
 676                         i++;
 677                         seen_dashdash = 1;
 678                 }
 679                 break;
 680         }
 681
 682         /* The rest are paths */
 683         if (!seen_dashdash) {
 684                 int j;
 685                 for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
 686                         verify_filename(prefix, argv[j]);
 687         }
 688
 689         if (i < argc) {
 690                 paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
 691                 if (opt.prefix_length && opt.relative) {
 692                         /* Make sure we do not get outside of paths */
 693                         for (i = 0; paths[i]; i++)
 694                                 if (strncmp(prefix, paths[i], opt.prefix_length))
 695                                         die("git-grep: cannot generate relative filenames containing '..'");
 696                 }
 697         }
 698         else if (prefix) {
 699                 paths = xcalloc(2, sizeof(const char *));
 700                 paths[0] = prefix;
 701                 paths[1] = NULL;
 702         }
 703
 704         if (!list.nr)
 705                 return !grep_cache(&opt, paths, cached);
 706
 707         if (cached)
 708                 die("both --cached and trees are given.");
 709
 710         for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 711                 struct object *real_obj;
 712                 real_obj = deref_tag(list.objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
 713                 if (grep_object(&opt, paths, real_obj, list.objects[i].name))
 714                         hit = 1;
 715         }
 716         free_grep_patterns(&opt);
 717         return !hit;
 718 }