archive: handle commits with an empty tree

[git/jnareb-git.git] / Documentation / diff-options.txt

// Please don't remove this comment as asciidoc behaves badly when
// the first non-empty line is ifdef/ifndef. The symptom is that
// without this comment the <git-diff-core> attribute conditionally
// defined below ends up being defined unconditionally.
// Last checked with asciidoc 7.0.2.

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
ifndef::git-diff[]
ifndef::git-log[]
:git-diff-core: 1
endif::git-log[]
endif::git-diff[]
endif::git-format-patch[]

ifdef::git-format-patch[]
-p::
--no-stat::
        Generate plain patches without any diffstats.
endif::git-format-patch[]

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
-p::
-u::
--patch::
        Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
        {git-diff? This is the default.}
endif::git-format-patch[]

-U<n>::
--unified=<n>::
        Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
        the usual three.
ifndef::git-format-patch[]
        Implies `-p`.
endif::git-format-patch[]

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--raw::
        Generate the raw format.
        {git-diff-core? This is the default.}
endif::git-format-patch[]

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--patch-with-raw::
        Synonym for `-p --raw`.
endif::git-format-patch[]

--minimal::
        Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
        diff is produced.

--patience::
        Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.

--histogram::
        Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.

--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]::
        Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
        will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
        part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
        if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
        `<width>`. The width of the filename part can be limited by
        giving another width `<name-width>` after a comma. The width
        of the graph part can be limited by using
        `--stat-graph-width=<width>` (affects all commands generating
        a stat graph) or by setting `diff.statGraphWidth=<width>`
        (does not affect `git format-patch`).
        By giving a third parameter `<count>`, you can limit the
        output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by `...` if
        there are more.
+
These parameters can also be set individually with `--stat-width=<width>`,
`--stat-name-width=<name-width>` and `--stat-count=<count>`.

--numstat::
        Similar to `--stat`, but shows number of added and
        deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
        abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly.  For
        binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
        `0 0`.

--shortstat::
        Output only the last line of the `--stat` format containing total
        number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
        lines.

--dirstat[=<param1,param2,...>]::
        Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
        sub-directory. The behavior of `--dirstat` can be customized by
        passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
        The defaults are controlled by the `diff.dirstat` configuration
        variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
        The following parameters are available:
+
--
`changes`;;
        Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
        removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
        the amount of pure code movements within a file.  In other words,
        rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
        This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.
`lines`;;
        Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
        analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
        files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
        natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive `--dirstat`
        behavior than the `changes` behavior, but it does count rearranged
        lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
        is consistent with what you get from the other `--*stat` options.
`files`;;
        Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
        Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
        the computationally cheapest `--dirstat` behavior, since it does
        not have to look at the file contents at all.
`cumulative`;;
        Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
        Note that when using `cumulative`, the sum of the percentages
        reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
        be specified with the `noncumulative` parameter.
<limit>;;
        An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
        Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
        are not shown in the output.
--
+
Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
`--dirstat=files,10,cumulative`.

--summary::
        Output a condensed summary of extended header information
        such as creations, renames and mode changes.

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--patch-with-stat::
        Synonym for `-p --stat`.
endif::git-format-patch[]

ifndef::git-format-patch[]

-z::
ifdef::git-log[]
        Separate the commits with NULs instead of with new newlines.
+
Also, when `--raw` or `--numstat` has been given, do not munge
pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
endif::git-log[]
ifndef::git-log[]
        When `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--name-only` or `--name-status` has been
        given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
endif::git-log[]
+
Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes,
and backslash characters replaced with `\t`, `\n`, `\"`, and `\\`,
respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if
any of those replacements occurred.

--name-only::
        Show only names of changed files.

--name-status::
        Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
        of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean.

--submodule[=<format>]::
        Specify how differences in submodules are shown.  When `--submodule`
        or `--submodule=log` is given, the 'log' format is used.  This format lists
        the commits in the range like linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.
        Omitting the `--submodule` option or specifying `--submodule=short`,
        uses the 'short' format. This format just shows the names of the commits
        at the beginning and end of the range.  Can be tweaked via the
        `diff.submodule` configuration variable.

--color[=<when>]::
        Show colored diff.
        The value must be `always` (the default for `<when>`), `never`, or `auto`.
        The default value is `never`.
ifdef::git-diff[]
        It can be changed by the `color.ui` and `color.diff`
        configuration settings.
endif::git-diff[]

--no-color::
        Turn off colored diff.
ifdef::git-diff[]
        This can be used to override configuration settings.
endif::git-diff[]
        It is the same as `--color=never`.

--word-diff[=<mode>]::
        Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words.
        By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
        `--word-diff-regex` below.  The <mode> defaults to 'plain', and
        must be one of:
+
--
color::
        Highlight changed words using only colors.  Implies `--color`.
plain::
        Show words as `[-removed-]` and `{+added+}`.  Makes no
        attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input,
        so the output may be ambiguous.
porcelain::
        Use a special line-based format intended for script
        consumption.  Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the
        usual unified diff format, starting with a `+`/`-`/` `
        character at the beginning of the line and extending to the
        end of the line.  Newlines in the input are represented by a
        tilde `~` on a line of its own.
none::
        Disable word diff again.
--
+
Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to
highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.

--word-diff-regex=<regex>::
        Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering
        runs of non-whitespace to be a word.  Also implies
        `--word-diff` unless it was already enabled.
+
Every non-overlapping match of the
<regex> is considered a word.  Anything between these matches is
considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
differences.  You may want to append `|[^[:space:]]` to your regular
expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
newline.
+
The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
linkgit:gitattributes[1] or linkgit:git-config[1].  Giving it explicitly
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting.  Diff drivers
override configuration settings.

--color-words[=<regex>]::
        Equivalent to `--word-diff=color` plus (if a regex was
        specified) `--word-diff-regex=<regex>`.
endif::git-format-patch[]

--no-renames::
        Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
        file gives the default to do so.

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--check::
        Warn if changes introduce whitespace errors.  What are
        considered whitespace errors is controlled by `core.whitespace`
        configuration.  By default, trailing whitespaces (including
        lines that solely consist of whitespaces) and a space character
        that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
        initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
        Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
        with --exit-code.
endif::git-format-patch[]

--full-index::
        Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
        pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
        line when generating patch format output.

--binary::
        In addition to `--full-index`, output a binary diff that
        can be applied with `git-apply`.

--abbrev[=<n>]::
        Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
        name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
        lines, show only a partial prefix.  This is
        independent of the `--full-index` option above, which controls
        the diff-patch output format.  Non default number of
        digits can be specified with `--abbrev=<n>`.

-B[<n>][/<m>]::
--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]::
        Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
        create. This serves two purposes:
+
It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B
option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the
original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
+
When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the
source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared
as the source of a rename), and the number `n` controls this aspect of
the -B option (defaults to 50%). `-B20%` specifies that a change with
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file's size are
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
another file.

-M[<n>]::
--find-renames[=<n>]::
ifndef::git-log[]
        Detect renames.
endif::git-log[]
ifdef::git-log[]
        If generating diffs, detect and report renames for each commit.
        For following files across renames while traversing history, see
        `--follow`.
endif::git-log[]
        If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
        index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
        file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a
        delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
        hasn't changed.  Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as
        a fraction, with a decimal point before it.  I.e., `-M5` becomes
        0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`.  Similarly, `-M05` is
        the same as `-M5%`.  To limit detection to exact renames, use
        `-M100%`.

-C[<n>]::
--find-copies[=<n>]::
        Detect copies as well as renames.  See also `--find-copies-harder`.
        If `n` is specified, it has the same meaning as for `-M<n>`.

--find-copies-harder::
        For performance reasons, by default, `-C` option finds copies only
        if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
        changeset.  This flag makes the command
        inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
        copy.  This is a very expensive operation for large
        projects, so use it with caution.  Giving more than one
        `-C` option has the same effect.

-D::
--irreversible-delete::
        Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
        the diff between the preimage and `/dev/null`. The resulting patch
        is not meant to be applied with `patch` nor `git apply`; this is
        solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
        text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lack
        enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
        hence the name of the option.
+
When used together with `-B`, omit also the preimage in the deletion part
of a delete/create pair.

-l<num>::
        The `-M` and `-C` options require O(n^2) processing time where n
        is the number of potential rename/copy targets.  This
        option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
        the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
        number.

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]]::
        Select only files that are Added (`A`), Copied (`C`),
        Deleted (`D`), Modified (`M`), Renamed (`R`), have their
        type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, ...) changed (`T`),
        are Unmerged (`U`), are
        Unknown (`X`), or have had their pairing Broken (`B`).
        Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used.
        When `*` (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
        paths are selected if there is any file that matches
        other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
        that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.

-S<string>::
        Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
        <string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
        appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
        linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.

-G<regex>::
        Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
        the given <regex>.

--pickaxe-all::
        When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
        changeset, not just the files that contain the change
        in <string>.

--pickaxe-regex::
        Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
        regex to match.
endif::git-format-patch[]

-O<orderfile>::
        Output the patch in the order specified in the
        <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
-R::
        Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
        on-disk file to tree contents.

--relative[=<path>]::
        When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be
        told to exclude changes outside the directory and show
        pathnames relative to it with this option.  When you are
        not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
        can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
        to by giving a <path> as an argument.
endif::git-format-patch[]

-a::
--text::
        Treat all files as text.

--ignore-space-at-eol::
        Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.

-b::
--ignore-space-change::
        Ignore changes in amount of whitespace.  This ignores whitespace
        at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
        more whitespace characters to be equivalent.

-w::
--ignore-all-space::
        Ignore whitespace when comparing lines.  This ignores
        differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
        line has none.

--inter-hunk-context=<lines>::
        Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
        of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.

-W::
--function-context::
        Show whole surrounding functions of changes.

ifndef::git-format-patch[]
ifndef::git-log[]
--exit-code::
        Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1).
        That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and
        0 means no differences.

--quiet::
        Disable all output of the program. Implies `--exit-code`.
endif::git-log[]
endif::git-format-patch[]

--ext-diff::
        Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an
        external diff driver with linkgit:gitattributes[5], you need
        to use this option with linkgit:git-log[1] and friends.

--no-ext-diff::
        Disallow external diff drivers.

--textconv::
--no-textconv::
        Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run
        when comparing binary files. See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for
        details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way
        conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human
        consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv
        filters are enabled by default only for linkgit:git-diff[1] and
        linkgit:git-log[1], but not for linkgit:git-format-patch[1] or
        diff plumbing commands.

--ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
        Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
        either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
        Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
        untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
        in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
        'ignore' option in linkgit:git-config[1] or linkgit:gitmodules[5]. When
        "untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
        contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
        content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
        only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
        the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules.

--src-prefix=<prefix>::
        Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".

--dst-prefix=<prefix>::
        Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".

--no-prefix::
        Do not show any source or destination prefix.

For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
linkgit:gitdiffcore[7].