6 git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
11 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
12 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
13 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
14 'git checkout' --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
19 When <paths> are not given, this command switches branches by
20 updating the index, working tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified
23 If `-b` is given, a new branch is created and checked out, as if
24 linkgit:git-branch[1] were called; in this case you can
25 use the --track or --no-track options, which will be passed to `git
26 branch`. As a convenience, --track without `-b` implies branch
27 creation; see the description of --track below.
29 When <paths> or --patch are given, this command does *not* switch
30 branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from
31 the index file, or from a named <tree-ish> (most often a commit). In
32 this case, the `-b` and `--track` options are meaningless and giving
33 either of them results in an error. The <tree-ish> argument can be
34 used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
35 to update the index for the given paths before updating the
38 The index may contain unmerged entries after a failed merge. By
39 default, if you try to check out such an entry from the index, the
40 checkout operation will fail and nothing will be checked out.
41 Using -f will ignore these unmerged entries. The contents from a
42 specific side of the merge can be checked out of the index by
43 using --ours or --theirs. With -m, changes made to the working tree
44 file can be discarded to recreate the original conflicted merge result.
50 Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
54 When switching branches, proceed even if the index or the
55 working tree differs from HEAD. This is used to throw away
58 When checking out paths from the index, do not fail upon unmerged
59 entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
63 When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2
64 ('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths.
67 Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
68 <start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
72 When creating a new branch, set up "upstream" configuration. See
73 "--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
75 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
76 derived from the remote branch. If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
77 is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
78 next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
79 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
80 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
81 "refs/remotes/origin/hack"). If the given name has no slash, or the above
82 guessing results in an empty name, the guessing is aborted. You can
83 explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
86 Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
87 branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
90 Create the new branch's reflog; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for
94 Create a new branch named <new_branch>, unparented to any other
95 branch. The new branch you switch to does not have any commit
96 and after the first one it will become the root of a new history
97 completely unconnected from all the other branches.
99 When you use "--orphan", the index and the working tree are kept intact.
100 This allows you to start a new history that records set of paths similar
101 to that of the start-point commit, which is useful when you want to keep
102 different branches for different audiences you are working to like when
103 you have an open source and commercial versions of a software, for example.
105 If you want to start a disconnected history that records set of paths
106 totally different from the original branch, you may want to first clear
107 the index and the working tree, by running "git rm -rf ." from the
108 top-level of the working tree, before preparing your files (by copying
109 from elsewhere, extracting a tarball, etc.) in the working tree.
113 When switching branches,
114 if you have local modifications to one or more files that
115 are different between the current branch and the branch to
116 which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
117 branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
118 However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
119 branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
120 is done, and you will be on the new branch.
122 When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
123 paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
124 and mark the resolved paths with `git add` (or `git rm` if the merge
125 should result in deletion of the path).
127 When checking out paths from the index, this option lets you recreate
128 the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
131 The same as --merge option above, but changes the way the
132 conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the
133 merge.conflictstyle configuration variable. Possible values are
134 "merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by
135 "merge" style, shows the original contents).
139 Interactively select hunks in the difference between the
140 <tree-ish> (or the index, if unspecified) and the working
141 tree. The chosen hunks are then applied in reverse to the
142 working tree (and if a <tree-ish> was specified, the index).
144 This means that you can use `git checkout -p` to selectively discard
145 edits from your current working tree.
148 Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
149 when prepended with "refs/heads/", is a valid ref), then that
150 branch is checked out. Otherwise, if it refers to a valid
151 commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on
152 any branch (see below for details).
154 As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch
155 checks out the branch (instead of detaching). You may also specify
156 `-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`.
159 Name for the new branch.
162 The name of a commit at which to start the new branch; see
163 linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. Defaults to HEAD.
166 Tree to checkout from (when paths are given). If not specified,
167 the index will be used.
174 It is sometimes useful to be able to 'checkout' a commit that is
175 not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious
176 example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
180 $ git checkout v2.6.18
183 Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
184 create a temporary branch using the `-b` option, but starting from
185 version 1.5.0, the above command 'detaches' your HEAD from the
186 current branch and directly points at the commit named by the tag
187 (`v2.6.18` in the example above).
189 You can use all git commands while in this state. You can use
190 `git reset --hard $othercommit` to further move around, for
191 example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
192 a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using `git
195 The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
196 by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
197 What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
198 and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. `git
199 checkout master`), and a later `git prune` or `git gc` would
200 garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask
201 the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.
211 . The following sequence checks out the `master` branch, reverts
212 the `Makefile` to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
213 mistake, and gets it back from the index.
216 $ git checkout master <1>
217 $ git checkout master~2 Makefile <2>
219 $ git checkout hello.c <3>
223 <2> take a file out of another commit
224 <3> restore hello.c from the index
226 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
227 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
228 You should instead write:
231 $ git checkout -- hello.c
234 . After working in the wrong branch, switching to the correct
235 branch would be done using:
238 $ git checkout mytopic
241 However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
242 differ in files that you have modified locally, in which case
243 the above checkout would fail like this:
246 $ git checkout mytopic
247 fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.
250 You can give the `-m` flag to the command, which would try a
254 $ git checkout -m mytopic
258 After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
259 registered in your index file, so `git diff` would show you what
260 changes you made since the tip of the new branch.
262 . When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
263 the `-m` option, you would see something like this:
266 $ git checkout -m mytopic
268 ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
269 fatal: merge program failed
272 At this point, `git diff` shows the changes cleanly merged as in
273 the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
274 files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
285 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
289 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
293 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite