4 == The Git index file has the following format
6 All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
7 here unless stated otherwise.
9 - A 12-byte header consisting of
12 The signature is { 'D', 'I', 'R', 'C' } (stands for "dircache")
14 4-byte version number:
15 The current supported versions are 2, 3 and 4.
17 32-bit number of index entries.
19 - A number of sorted index entries (see below).
23 Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can
24 be ignored if Git does not understand them.
26 Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
28 4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the
29 extension is optional and can be ignored.
31 32-bit size of the extension
35 - 160-bit SHA-1 over the content of the index file before this
40 Index entries are sorted in ascending order on the name field,
41 interpreted as a string of unsigned bytes (i.e. memcmp() order, no
42 localization, no special casing of directory separator '/'). Entries
43 with the same name are sorted by their stage field.
45 32-bit ctime seconds, the last time a file's metadata changed
48 32-bit ctime nanosecond fractions
51 32-bit mtime seconds, the last time a file's data changed
54 32-bit mtime nanosecond fractions
63 32-bit mode, split into (high to low bits)
66 valid values in binary are 1000 (regular file), 1010 (symbolic link)
71 9-bit unix permission. Only 0755 and 0644 are valid for regular files.
72 Symbolic links and gitlinks have value 0 in this field.
81 This is the on-disk size from stat(2), truncated to 32-bit.
83 160-bit SHA-1 for the represented object
85 A 16-bit 'flags' field split into (high to low bits)
87 1-bit assume-valid flag
89 1-bit extended flag (must be zero in version 2)
91 2-bit stage (during merge)
93 12-bit name length if the length is less than 0xFFF; otherwise 0xFFF
94 is stored in this field.
96 (Version 3 or later) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the
97 "extended flag" above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
99 1-bit reserved for future
101 1-bit skip-worktree flag (used by sparse checkout)
103 1-bit intent-to-add flag (used by "git add -N")
105 13-bit unused, must be zero
107 Entry path name (variable length) relative to top level directory
108 (without leading slash). '/' is used as path separator. The special
109 path components ".", ".." and ".git" (without quotes) are disallowed.
110 Trailing slash is also disallowed.
112 The exact encoding is undefined, but the '.' and '/' characters
113 are encoded in 7-bit ASCII and the encoding cannot contain a NUL
114 byte (iow, this is a UNIX pathname).
116 (Version 4) In version 4, the entry path name is prefix-compressed
117 relative to the path name for the previous entry (the very first
118 entry is encoded as if the path name for the previous entry is an
119 empty string). At the beginning of an entry, an integer N in the
120 variable width encoding (the same encoding as the offset is encoded
121 for OFS_DELTA pack entries; see pack-format.txt) is stored, followed
122 by a NUL-terminated string S. Removing N bytes from the end of the
123 path name for the previous entry, and replacing it with the string S
124 yields the path name for this entry.
126 1-8 nul bytes as necessary to pad the entry to a multiple of eight bytes
127 while keeping the name NUL-terminated.
129 (Version 4) In version 4, the padding after the pathname does not
132 Interpretation of index entries in split index mode is completely
133 different. See below for details.
139 Cached tree extension contains pre-computed hashes for trees that can
140 be derived from the index. It helps speed up tree object generation
141 from index for a new commit.
143 When a path is updated in index, the path must be invalidated and
144 removed from tree cache.
146 The signature for this extension is { 'T', 'R', 'E', 'E' }.
148 A series of entries fill the entire extension; each of which
151 - NUL-terminated path component (relative to its parent directory);
153 - ASCII decimal number of entries in the index that is covered by the
154 tree this entry represents (entry_count);
156 - A space (ASCII 32);
158 - ASCII decimal number that represents the number of subtrees this
161 - A newline (ASCII 10); and
163 - 160-bit object name for the object that would result from writing
164 this span of index as a tree.
166 An entry can be in an invalidated state and is represented by having
167 a negative number in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no
168 object name and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
169 When writing an invalid entry, -1 should always be used as entry_count.
171 The entries are written out in the top-down, depth-first order. The
172 first entry represents the root level of the repository, followed by the
173 first subtree---let's call this A---of the root level (with its name
174 relative to the root level), followed by the first subtree of A (with
175 its name relative to A), ...
179 A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries.
180 When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher
181 stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution
184 When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the
185 resolve undo extension, so that conflicts can be recreated (e.g. with
186 "git checkout -m"), in case users want to redo a conflict resolution
189 The signature for this extension is { 'R', 'E', 'U', 'C' }.
191 A series of entries fill the entire extension; each of which
194 - NUL-terminated pathname the entry describes (relative to the root of
195 the repository, i.e. full pathname);
197 - Three NUL-terminated ASCII octal numbers, entry mode of entries in
198 stage 1 to 3 (a missing stage is represented by "0" in this field);
201 - At most three 160-bit object names of the entry in stages from 1 to 3
202 (nothing is written for a missing stage).
206 In split index mode, the majority of index entries could be stored
207 in a separate file. This extension records the changes to be made on
208 top of that to produce the final index.
210 The signature for this extension is { 'l', 'i, 'n', 'k' }.
212 The extension consists of:
214 - 160-bit SHA-1 of the shared index file. The shared index file path
215 is $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>. If all 160 bits are zero, the
216 index does not require a shared index file.
218 - An ewah-encoded delete bitmap, each bit represents an entry in the
219 shared index. If a bit is set, its corresponding entry in the
220 shared index will be removed from the final index. Note, because
221 a delete operation changes index entry positions, but we do need
222 original positions in replace phase, it's best to just mark
223 entries for removal, then do a mass deletion after replacement.
225 - An ewah-encoded replace bitmap, each bit represents an entry in
226 the shared index. If a bit is set, its corresponding entry in the
227 shared index will be replaced with an entry in this index
228 file. All replaced entries are stored in sorted order in this
229 index. The first "1" bit in the replace bitmap corresponds to the
230 first index entry, the second "1" bit to the second entry and so
231 on. Replaced entries may have empty path names to save space.
233 The remaining index entries after replaced ones will be added to the
234 final index. These added entries are also sorted by entry namme then