6 git-filter-branch - Rewrite branches
11 'git-filter-branch' [--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
12 [--index-filter <command>] [--parent-filter <command>]
13 [--msg-filter <command>] [--commit-filter <command>]
14 [--tag-name-filter <command>] [--subdirectory-filter <directory>]
15 [-d <directory>] [-f | --force] [<rev-list options>...]
19 Lets you rewrite git revision history by creating a new branch from
20 your current branch, applying custom filters on each revision.
21 Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
22 a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
23 Otherwise, all information (including original commit times or merge
24 information) will be preserved.
26 The command takes the new branch name as a mandatory argument and
27 the filters as optional arguments. If you specify no filters, the
28 commits will be recommitted without any changes, which would normally
29 have no effect. Nevertheless, this may be useful in the future for
30 compensating for some git bugs or such, therefore such a usage is
33 *WARNING*! The rewritten history will have different object names for all
34 the objects and will not converge with the original branch. You will not
35 be able to easily push and distribute the rewritten branch on top of the
36 original branch. Please do not use this command if you do not know the
37 full implications, and avoid using it anyway, if a simple single commit
38 would suffice to fix your problem.
40 Always verify that the rewritten version is correct: The original refs,
41 if different from the rewritten ones, will be stored in the namespace
44 Note that since this operation is extensively I/O expensive, it might
45 be a good idea to redirect the temporary directory off-disk, e.g. on
46 tmpfs. Reportedly the speedup is very noticeable.
52 The filters are applied in the order as listed below. The <command>
53 argument is always evaluated in shell using the 'eval' command (with the
54 notable exception of the commit filter, for technical reasons).
55 Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
56 the id of the commit being rewritten. Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
57 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
58 and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.
60 A 'map' function is available that takes an "original sha1 id" argument
61 and outputs a "rewritten sha1 id" if the commit has been already
62 rewritten, and "original sha1 id" otherwise; the 'map' function can
63 return several ids on separate lines if your commit filter emitted
70 --env-filter <command>::
71 This is the filter for modifying the environment in which
72 the commit will be performed. Specifically, you might want
73 to rewrite the author/committer name/email/time environment
74 variables (see gitlink:git-commit[1] for details). Do not forget
75 to re-export the variables.
77 --tree-filter <command>::
78 This is the filter for rewriting the tree and its contents.
79 The argument is evaluated in shell with the working
80 directory set to the root of the checked out tree. The new tree
81 is then used as-is (new files are auto-added, disappeared files
82 are auto-removed - neither .gitignore files nor any other ignore
83 rules *HAVE ANY EFFECT*!).
85 --index-filter <command>::
86 This is the filter for rewriting the index. It is similar to the
87 tree filter but does not check out the tree, which makes it much
88 faster. For hairy cases, see gitlink:git-update-index[1].
90 --parent-filter <command>::
91 This is the filter for rewriting the commit's parent list.
92 It will receive the parent string on stdin and shall output
93 the new parent string on stdout. The parent string is in
94 a format accepted by gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]: empty for
95 the initial commit, "-p parent" for a normal commit and
96 "-p parent1 -p parent2 -p parent3 ..." for a merge commit.
98 --msg-filter <command>::
99 This is the filter for rewriting the commit messages.
100 The argument is evaluated in the shell with the original
101 commit message on standard input; its standard output is
102 used as the new commit message.
104 --commit-filter <command>::
105 This is the filter for performing the commit.
106 If this filter is specified, it will be called instead of the
107 gitlink:git-commit-tree[1] command, with arguments of the form
108 "<TREE_ID> [-p <PARENT_COMMIT_ID>]..." and the log message on
109 stdin. The commit id is expected on stdout.
111 As a special extension, the commit filter may emit multiple
112 commit ids; in that case, ancestors of the original commit will
113 have all of them as parents.
115 --tag-name-filter <command>::
116 This is the filter for rewriting tag names. When passed,
117 it will be called for every tag ref that points to a rewritten
118 object (or to a tag object which points to a rewritten object).
119 The original tag name is passed via standard input, and the new
120 tag name is expected on standard output.
122 The original tags are not deleted, but can be overwritten;
123 use "--tag-name-filter=cat" to simply update the tags. In this
124 case, be very careful and make sure you have the old tags
125 backed up in case the conversion has run afoul.
127 Note that there is currently no support for proper rewriting of
128 tag objects; in layman terms, if the tag has a message or signature
129 attached, the rewritten tag won't have it. Sorry. (It is by
130 definition impossible to preserve signatures at any rate.)
132 --subdirectory-filter <directory>::
133 Only look at the history which touches the given subdirectory.
134 The result will contain that directory (and only that) as its
138 Use this option to set the path to the temporary directory used for
139 rewriting. When applying a tree filter, the command needs to
140 temporary checkout the tree to some directory, which may consume
141 considerable space in case of large projects. By default it
142 does this in the '.git-rewrite/' directory but you can override
143 that choice by this parameter.
146 `git filter-branch` refuses to start with an existing temporary
147 directory or when there are already refs starting with
148 'refs/original/', unless forced.
151 When options are given after the new branch name, they will
152 be passed to gitlink:git-rev-list[1]. Only commits in the resulting
153 output will be filtered, although the filtered commits can still
154 reference parents which are outside of that set.
160 Suppose you want to remove a file (containing confidential information
161 or copyright violation) from all commits:
163 -------------------------------------------------------
164 git filter-branch --tree-filter 'rm filename' HEAD
165 -------------------------------------------------------
167 A significantly faster version:
169 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
170 git filter-branch --index-filter 'git update-index --remove filename' HEAD
171 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
173 Now, you will get the rewritten history saved in the branch 'newbranch'
174 (your current branch is left untouched).
176 To set a commit (which typically is at the tip of another
177 history) to be the parent of the current initial commit, in
178 order to paste the other history behind the current history:
180 -------------------------------------------------------------------
181 git filter-branch --parent-filter 'sed "s/^\$/-p <graft-id>/"' HEAD
182 -------------------------------------------------------------------
184 (if the parent string is empty - therefore we are dealing with the
185 initial commit - add graftcommit as a parent). Note that this assumes
186 history with a single root (that is, no merge without common ancestors
187 happened). If this is not the case, use:
189 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
190 git filter-branch --parent-filter \
191 'cat; test $GIT_COMMIT = <commit-id> && echo "-p <graft-id>"' HEAD
192 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
196 -----------------------------------------------
197 echo "$commit-id $graft-id" >> .git/info/grafts
198 git filter-branch $graft-id..HEAD
199 -----------------------------------------------
201 To remove commits authored by "Darl McBribe" from the history:
203 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
204 git filter-branch --commit-filter '
205 if [ "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" = "Darl McBribe" ];
215 git commit-tree "$@";
217 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
219 The shift magic first throws away the tree id and then the -p
220 parameters. Note that this handles merges properly! In case Darl
221 committed a merge between P1 and P2, it will be propagated properly
222 and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2
223 as their parents instead of the merge commit.
225 To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
226 range in addition to the new branch name. The new branch name will
227 point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
230 Note that the changes introduced by the commits, and not reverted by
231 subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
232 to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
233 interactive mode of gitlink:git-rebase[1].
235 Consider this history:
243 To rewrite only commits D,E,F,G,H, but leave A, B and C alone, use:
245 --------------------------------
246 git filter-branch ... C..H
247 --------------------------------
249 To rewrite commits E,F,G,H, use one of these:
251 ----------------------------------------
252 git filter-branch ... C..H --not D
253 git filter-branch ... D..H --not C
254 ----------------------------------------
256 To move the whole tree into a subdirectory, or remove it from there:
258 ---------------------------------------------------------------
259 git filter-branch --index-filter \
260 'git ls-files -s | sed "s-\t-&newsubdir/-" |
261 GIT_INDEX_FILE=$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new \
262 git update-index --index-info &&
263 mv $GIT_INDEX_FILE.new $GIT_INDEX_FILE' HEAD
264 ---------------------------------------------------------------
269 Written by Petr "Pasky" Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>,
270 and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
274 Documentation by Petr Baudis and the git list.
278 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite