6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]]
13 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager]
14 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
15 [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
19 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
20 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
21 and full access to internals.
23 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
24 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
25 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
26 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration]. See
27 link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
30 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
31 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
33 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
34 documentation can be viewed at
35 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
41 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
42 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
43 branch of the `git.git` repository.
44 Documentation for older releases are available here:
46 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
49 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
50 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
51 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
52 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
53 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
54 link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
56 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
59 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
60 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
61 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
62 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
63 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
64 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
65 link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
67 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
70 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
71 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
72 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
73 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
74 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
75 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
76 link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
78 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
79 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
80 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
81 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
90 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
93 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
94 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
95 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
96 given then all available commands are printed.
99 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
100 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
101 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
102 the current setting and then exit.
105 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
108 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
111 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
112 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
115 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
116 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
117 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
118 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
119 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
123 Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
125 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
126 ---------------------
128 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
129 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
131 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
132 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
133 underlying git architecture.
135 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
141 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
142 ("plumbing") commands.
144 High-level commands (porcelain)
145 -------------------------------
147 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
148 ancillary user utilities.
150 Main porcelain commands
151 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
153 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
159 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
163 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
166 Interacting with Others
167 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
169 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
170 people via patch over e-mail.
172 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
175 Low-level commands (plumbing)
176 -----------------------------
178 Although git includes its
179 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
180 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
181 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
182 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
184 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
185 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
186 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
187 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
188 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
191 The following description divides
192 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
193 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
194 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
198 Manipulation commands
199 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
201 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
204 Interrogation commands
205 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
207 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
209 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
213 Synching repositories
214 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
216 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
218 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
219 typically do not use them directly.
221 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
224 Internal helper commands
225 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
227 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
228 users typically do not use them directly.
230 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
233 Configuration Mechanism
234 -----------------------
236 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
237 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
238 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
239 people. Here is an example:
243 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
248 ; Don't trust file modes
253 name = "Junio C Hamano"
254 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
258 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
259 their operation accordingly.
262 Identifier Terminology
263 ----------------------
265 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
268 Indicates a blob object name.
271 Indicates a tree object name.
274 Indicates a commit object name.
277 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
278 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
279 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
280 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
283 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
284 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
285 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
286 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
289 Indicates that an object type is required.
290 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
293 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
294 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
298 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
302 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
303 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
307 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
311 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
313 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
314 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
317 File/Directory Structure
318 ------------------------
320 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
322 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
324 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
330 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
333 Environment Variables
334 ---------------------
335 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
339 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
340 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
341 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
344 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
345 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
348 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
349 If the object storage directory is specified via this
350 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
351 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
354 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
355 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
356 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
357 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
358 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
359 written to these directories.
362 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
363 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
364 for the base of the repository.
367 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
368 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
369 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
370 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
371 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
378 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
379 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
380 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
382 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
387 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
388 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
389 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
390 value passed on the git diff command line.
392 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
393 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
394 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
395 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
396 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
398 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
402 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
403 contents of <old|new>,
404 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
405 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
408 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
409 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
410 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
411 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
412 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
414 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
419 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
420 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
421 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
422 See gitlink:git-merge[1]
425 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
426 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
430 If this environment variable is set then gitlink:git-fetch[1]
431 and gitlink:git-push[1] will use this command instead
432 of `ssh` when they need to connect to a remote system.
433 The 'GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
434 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
435 shell command to execute on that remote system.
437 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
438 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
439 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
441 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
442 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
446 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
447 as git-blame (in incremental mode), git-rev-list, git-log,
448 git-whatchanged, etc., will force a flush of the output stream
449 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
450 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
451 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
452 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
453 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
456 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
457 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
458 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
459 execution and external command execution.
460 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
461 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
462 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
463 trace messages into this file descriptor.
464 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
465 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
466 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
469 Discussion[[Discussion]]
470 ------------------------
471 include::core-intro.txt[]
475 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
476 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
477 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
478 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
482 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
483 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
484 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
488 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite