1 /* GIO - GLib Input, Output and Streaming Library
3 * Copyright © 2008 codethink
4 * Copyright © 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
6 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
8 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
17 * Public License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 * Authors: Ryan Lortie <desrt@desrt.ca>
20 * Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
27 #include "giostream.h"
28 #include "gasyncresult.h"
29 #include "gioprivate.h"
34 * @short_description: Base class for implementing read/write streams
36 * @see_also: #GInputStream, #GOutputStream
38 * GIOStream represents an object that has both read and write streams.
39 * Generally the two streams act as separate input and output streams,
40 * but they share some common resources and state. For instance, for
41 * seekable streams, both streams may use the same position.
43 * Examples of #GIOStream objects are #GSocketConnection, which represents
44 * a two-way network connection; and #GFileIOStream, which represents a
45 * file handle opened in read-write mode.
47 * To do the actual reading and writing you need to get the substreams
48 * with g_io_stream_get_input_stream() and g_io_stream_get_output_stream().
50 * The #GIOStream object owns the input and the output streams, not the other
51 * way around, so keeping the substreams alive will not keep the #GIOStream
52 * object alive. If the #GIOStream object is freed it will be closed, thus
53 * closing the substreams, so even if the substreams stay alive they will
54 * always return %G_IO_ERROR_CLOSED for all operations.
56 * To close a stream use g_io_stream_close() which will close the common
57 * stream object and also the individual substreams. You can also close
58 * the substreams themselves. In most cases this only marks the
59 * substream as closed, so further I/O on it fails but common state in the
60 * #GIOStream may still be open. However, some streams may support
61 * "half-closed" states where one direction of the stream is actually shut down.
63 * Operations on #GIOStreams cannot be started while another operation on the
64 * #GIOStream or its substreams is in progress. Specifically, an application can
65 * read from the #GInputStream and write to the #GOutputStream simultaneously
66 * (either in separate threads, or as asynchronous operations in the same
67 * thread), but an application cannot start any #GIOStream operation while there
68 * is a #GIOStream, #GInputStream or #GOutputStream operation in progress, and
69 * an application can’t start any #GInputStream or #GOutputStream operation
70 * while there is a #GIOStream operation in progress.
72 * This is a product of individual stream operations being associated with a
73 * given #GMainContext (the thread-default context at the time the operation was
74 * started), rather than entire streams being associated with a single
77 * GIO may run operations on #GIOStreams from other (worker) threads, and this
78 * may be exposed to application code in the behaviour of wrapper streams, such
79 * as #GBufferedInputStream or #GTlsConnection. With such wrapper APIs,
80 * application code may only run operations on the base (wrapped) stream when
81 * the wrapper stream is idle. Note that the semantics of such operations may
82 * not be well-defined due to the state the wrapper stream leaves the base
83 * stream in (though they are guaranteed not to crash).
96 struct _GIOStreamPrivate
{
101 static gboolean
g_io_stream_real_close (GIOStream
*stream
,
102 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
104 static void g_io_stream_real_close_async (GIOStream
*stream
,
106 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
107 GAsyncReadyCallback callback
,
109 static gboolean
g_io_stream_real_close_finish (GIOStream
*stream
,
110 GAsyncResult
*result
,
113 G_DEFINE_ABSTRACT_TYPE_WITH_PRIVATE (GIOStream
, g_io_stream
, G_TYPE_OBJECT
)
116 g_io_stream_dispose (GObject
*object
)
120 stream
= G_IO_STREAM (object
);
122 if (!stream
->priv
->closed
)
123 g_io_stream_close (stream
, NULL
, NULL
);
125 G_OBJECT_CLASS (g_io_stream_parent_class
)->dispose (object
);
129 g_io_stream_init (GIOStream
*stream
)
131 stream
->priv
= g_io_stream_get_instance_private (stream
);
135 g_io_stream_get_property (GObject
*object
,
140 GIOStream
*stream
= G_IO_STREAM (object
);
145 g_value_set_boolean (value
, stream
->priv
->closed
);
148 case PROP_INPUT_STREAM
:
149 g_value_set_object (value
, g_io_stream_get_input_stream (stream
));
152 case PROP_OUTPUT_STREAM
:
153 g_value_set_object (value
, g_io_stream_get_output_stream (stream
));
157 G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object
, prop_id
, pspec
);
162 g_io_stream_class_init (GIOStreamClass
*klass
)
164 GObjectClass
*gobject_class
= G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass
);
166 gobject_class
->dispose
= g_io_stream_dispose
;
167 gobject_class
->get_property
= g_io_stream_get_property
;
169 klass
->close_fn
= g_io_stream_real_close
;
170 klass
->close_async
= g_io_stream_real_close_async
;
171 klass
->close_finish
= g_io_stream_real_close_finish
;
173 g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class
, PROP_CLOSED
,
174 g_param_spec_boolean ("closed",
176 P_("Is the stream closed"),
178 G_PARAM_READABLE
| G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS
));
180 g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class
, PROP_INPUT_STREAM
,
181 g_param_spec_object ("input-stream",
183 P_("The GInputStream to read from"),
185 G_PARAM_READABLE
| G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS
));
186 g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class
, PROP_OUTPUT_STREAM
,
187 g_param_spec_object ("output-stream",
189 P_("The GOutputStream to write to"),
190 G_TYPE_OUTPUT_STREAM
,
191 G_PARAM_READABLE
| G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS
));
195 * g_io_stream_is_closed:
196 * @stream: a #GIOStream
198 * Checks if a stream is closed.
200 * Returns: %TRUE if the stream is closed.
205 g_io_stream_is_closed (GIOStream
*stream
)
207 g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
), TRUE
);
209 return stream
->priv
->closed
;
213 * g_io_stream_get_input_stream:
214 * @stream: a #GIOStream
216 * Gets the input stream for this object. This is used
219 * Returns: (transfer none): a #GInputStream, owned by the #GIOStream.
225 g_io_stream_get_input_stream (GIOStream
*stream
)
227 GIOStreamClass
*klass
;
229 klass
= G_IO_STREAM_GET_CLASS (stream
);
231 g_assert (klass
->get_input_stream
!= NULL
);
233 return klass
->get_input_stream (stream
);
237 * g_io_stream_get_output_stream:
238 * @stream: a #GIOStream
240 * Gets the output stream for this object. This is used for
243 * Returns: (transfer none): a #GOutputStream, owned by the #GIOStream.
249 g_io_stream_get_output_stream (GIOStream
*stream
)
251 GIOStreamClass
*klass
;
253 klass
= G_IO_STREAM_GET_CLASS (stream
);
255 g_assert (klass
->get_output_stream
!= NULL
);
256 return klass
->get_output_stream (stream
);
260 * g_io_stream_has_pending:
261 * @stream: a #GIOStream
263 * Checks if a stream has pending actions.
265 * Returns: %TRUE if @stream has pending actions.
270 g_io_stream_has_pending (GIOStream
*stream
)
272 g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
), FALSE
);
274 return stream
->priv
->pending
;
278 * g_io_stream_set_pending:
279 * @stream: a #GIOStream
280 * @error: a #GError location to store the error occurring, or %NULL to
283 * Sets @stream to have actions pending. If the pending flag is
284 * already set or @stream is closed, it will return %FALSE and set
287 * Returns: %TRUE if pending was previously unset and is now set.
292 g_io_stream_set_pending (GIOStream
*stream
,
295 g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
), FALSE
);
297 if (stream
->priv
->closed
)
299 g_set_error_literal (error
, G_IO_ERROR
, G_IO_ERROR_CLOSED
,
300 _("Stream is already closed"));
304 if (stream
->priv
->pending
)
306 g_set_error_literal (error
, G_IO_ERROR
, G_IO_ERROR_PENDING
,
307 /* Translators: This is an error you get if there is
308 * already an operation running against this stream when
309 * you try to start one */
310 _("Stream has outstanding operation"));
314 stream
->priv
->pending
= TRUE
;
319 * g_io_stream_clear_pending:
320 * @stream: a #GIOStream
322 * Clears the pending flag on @stream.
327 g_io_stream_clear_pending (GIOStream
*stream
)
329 g_return_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
));
331 stream
->priv
->pending
= FALSE
;
335 g_io_stream_real_close (GIOStream
*stream
,
336 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
341 res
= g_output_stream_close (g_io_stream_get_output_stream (stream
),
344 /* If this errored out, unset error so that we don't report
345 further errors, but still do the following ops */
346 if (error
!= NULL
&& *error
!= NULL
)
349 res
&= g_input_stream_close (g_io_stream_get_input_stream (stream
),
357 * @stream: a #GIOStream
358 * @cancellable: (nullable): optional #GCancellable object, %NULL to ignore
359 * @error: location to store the error occurring, or %NULL to ignore
361 * Closes the stream, releasing resources related to it. This will also
362 * close the individual input and output streams, if they are not already
365 * Once the stream is closed, all other operations will return
366 * %G_IO_ERROR_CLOSED. Closing a stream multiple times will not
369 * Closing a stream will automatically flush any outstanding buffers
372 * Streams will be automatically closed when the last reference
373 * is dropped, but you might want to call this function to make sure
374 * resources are released as early as possible.
376 * Some streams might keep the backing store of the stream (e.g. a file
377 * descriptor) open after the stream is closed. See the documentation for
378 * the individual stream for details.
380 * On failure the first error that happened will be reported, but the
381 * close operation will finish as much as possible. A stream that failed
382 * to close will still return %G_IO_ERROR_CLOSED for all operations.
383 * Still, it is important to check and report the error to the user,
384 * otherwise there might be a loss of data as all data might not be written.
386 * If @cancellable is not NULL, then the operation can be cancelled by
387 * triggering the cancellable object from another thread. If the operation
388 * was cancelled, the error %G_IO_ERROR_CANCELLED will be returned.
389 * Cancelling a close will still leave the stream closed, but some streams
390 * can use a faster close that doesn't block to e.g. check errors.
392 * The default implementation of this method just calls close on the
393 * individual input/output streams.
395 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE on failure
400 g_io_stream_close (GIOStream
*stream
,
401 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
404 GIOStreamClass
*class;
407 g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
), FALSE
);
409 class = G_IO_STREAM_GET_CLASS (stream
);
411 if (stream
->priv
->closed
)
414 if (!g_io_stream_set_pending (stream
, error
))
418 g_cancellable_push_current (cancellable
);
422 res
= class->close_fn (stream
, cancellable
, error
);
425 g_cancellable_pop_current (cancellable
);
427 stream
->priv
->closed
= TRUE
;
428 g_io_stream_clear_pending (stream
);
434 async_ready_close_callback_wrapper (GObject
*source_object
,
438 GIOStream
*stream
= G_IO_STREAM (source_object
);
439 GIOStreamClass
*klass
= G_IO_STREAM_GET_CLASS (stream
);
440 GTask
*task
= user_data
;
441 GError
*error
= NULL
;
444 stream
->priv
->closed
= TRUE
;
445 g_io_stream_clear_pending (stream
);
447 if (g_async_result_legacy_propagate_error (res
, &error
))
450 success
= klass
->close_finish (stream
, res
, &error
);
453 g_task_return_error (task
, error
);
455 g_task_return_boolean (task
, success
);
457 g_object_unref (task
);
461 * g_io_stream_close_async:
462 * @stream: a #GIOStream
463 * @io_priority: the io priority of the request
464 * @cancellable: (nullable): optional cancellable object
465 * @callback: (scope async): callback to call when the request is satisfied
466 * @user_data: (closure): the data to pass to callback function
468 * Requests an asynchronous close of the stream, releasing resources
469 * related to it. When the operation is finished @callback will be
470 * called. You can then call g_io_stream_close_finish() to get
471 * the result of the operation.
473 * For behaviour details see g_io_stream_close().
475 * The asynchronous methods have a default fallback that uses threads
476 * to implement asynchronicity, so they are optional for inheriting
477 * classes. However, if you override one you must override all.
482 g_io_stream_close_async (GIOStream
*stream
,
484 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
485 GAsyncReadyCallback callback
,
488 GIOStreamClass
*class;
489 GError
*error
= NULL
;
492 g_return_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
));
494 task
= g_task_new (stream
, cancellable
, callback
, user_data
);
495 g_task_set_source_tag (task
, g_io_stream_close_async
);
497 if (stream
->priv
->closed
)
499 g_task_return_boolean (task
, TRUE
);
500 g_object_unref (task
);
504 if (!g_io_stream_set_pending (stream
, &error
))
506 g_task_return_error (task
, error
);
507 g_object_unref (task
);
511 class = G_IO_STREAM_GET_CLASS (stream
);
513 class->close_async (stream
, io_priority
, cancellable
,
514 async_ready_close_callback_wrapper
, task
);
518 * g_io_stream_close_finish:
519 * @stream: a #GIOStream
520 * @result: a #GAsyncResult
521 * @error: a #GError location to store the error occurring, or %NULL to
526 * Returns: %TRUE if stream was successfully closed, %FALSE otherwise.
531 g_io_stream_close_finish (GIOStream
*stream
,
532 GAsyncResult
*result
,
535 g_return_val_if_fail (G_IS_IO_STREAM (stream
), FALSE
);
536 g_return_val_if_fail (g_task_is_valid (result
, stream
), FALSE
);
538 return g_task_propagate_boolean (G_TASK (result
), error
);
543 close_async_thread (GTask
*task
,
544 gpointer source_object
,
546 GCancellable
*cancellable
)
548 GIOStream
*stream
= source_object
;
549 GIOStreamClass
*class;
550 GError
*error
= NULL
;
553 class = G_IO_STREAM_GET_CLASS (stream
);
556 result
= class->close_fn (stream
,
557 g_task_get_cancellable (task
),
561 g_task_return_error (task
, error
);
566 g_task_return_boolean (task
, TRUE
);
576 stream_close_complete (GObject
*source
,
577 GAsyncResult
*result
,
580 GTask
*task
= user_data
;
581 CloseAsyncData
*data
;
583 data
= g_task_get_task_data (task
);
586 if (G_IS_OUTPUT_STREAM (source
))
588 GError
*error
= NULL
;
590 /* Match behaviour with the sync route and give precedent to the
591 * error returned from closing the output stream.
593 g_output_stream_close_finish (G_OUTPUT_STREAM (source
), result
, &error
);
597 g_error_free (data
->error
);
602 g_input_stream_close_finish (G_INPUT_STREAM (source
), result
, data
->error
? NULL
: &data
->error
);
604 if (data
->pending
== 0)
607 g_task_return_error (task
, data
->error
);
609 g_task_return_boolean (task
, TRUE
);
611 g_slice_free (CloseAsyncData
, data
);
612 g_object_unref (task
);
617 g_io_stream_real_close_async (GIOStream
*stream
,
619 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
620 GAsyncReadyCallback callback
,
624 GOutputStream
*output
;
627 task
= g_task_new (stream
, cancellable
, callback
, user_data
);
628 g_task_set_source_tag (task
, g_io_stream_real_close_async
);
629 g_task_set_check_cancellable (task
, FALSE
);
630 g_task_set_priority (task
, io_priority
);
632 input
= g_io_stream_get_input_stream (stream
);
633 output
= g_io_stream_get_output_stream (stream
);
635 if (g_input_stream_async_close_is_via_threads (input
) && g_output_stream_async_close_is_via_threads (output
))
637 /* No sense in dispatching to the thread twice -- just do it all
640 g_task_run_in_thread (task
, close_async_thread
);
641 g_object_unref (task
);
645 CloseAsyncData
*data
;
647 /* We should avoid dispatching to another thread in case either
648 * object that would not do it for itself because it may not be
651 data
= g_slice_new (CloseAsyncData
);
655 g_task_set_task_data (task
, data
, NULL
);
656 g_input_stream_close_async (input
, io_priority
, cancellable
, stream_close_complete
, task
);
657 g_output_stream_close_async (output
, io_priority
, cancellable
, stream_close_complete
, task
);
662 g_io_stream_real_close_finish (GIOStream
*stream
,
663 GAsyncResult
*result
,
666 g_return_val_if_fail (g_task_is_valid (result
, stream
), FALSE
);
668 return g_task_propagate_boolean (G_TASK (result
), error
);
675 GIOStreamSpliceFlags flags
;
677 GCancellable
*cancellable
;
679 GCancellable
*op1_cancellable
;
680 GCancellable
*op2_cancellable
;
686 splice_context_free (SpliceContext
*ctx
)
688 g_object_unref (ctx
->stream1
);
689 g_object_unref (ctx
->stream2
);
690 if (ctx
->cancellable
!= NULL
)
691 g_object_unref (ctx
->cancellable
);
692 g_object_unref (ctx
->op1_cancellable
);
693 g_object_unref (ctx
->op2_cancellable
);
694 g_clear_error (&ctx
->error
);
695 g_slice_free (SpliceContext
, ctx
);
699 splice_complete (GTask
*task
,
702 if (ctx
->cancelled_id
!= 0)
703 g_cancellable_disconnect (ctx
->cancellable
, ctx
->cancelled_id
);
704 ctx
->cancelled_id
= 0;
706 if (ctx
->error
!= NULL
)
708 g_task_return_error (task
, ctx
->error
);
712 g_task_return_boolean (task
, TRUE
);
716 splice_close_cb (GObject
*iostream
,
720 GTask
*task
= user_data
;
721 SpliceContext
*ctx
= g_task_get_task_data (task
);
722 GError
*error
= NULL
;
724 g_io_stream_close_finish (G_IO_STREAM (iostream
), res
, &error
);
728 /* Keep the first error that occurred */
729 if (error
!= NULL
&& ctx
->error
== NULL
)
732 g_clear_error (&error
);
734 /* If all operations are done, complete now */
735 if (ctx
->completed
== 4)
736 splice_complete (task
, ctx
);
738 g_object_unref (task
);
742 splice_cb (GObject
*ostream
,
746 GTask
*task
= user_data
;
747 SpliceContext
*ctx
= g_task_get_task_data (task
);
748 GError
*error
= NULL
;
750 g_output_stream_splice_finish (G_OUTPUT_STREAM (ostream
), res
, &error
);
754 /* ignore cancellation error if it was not requested by the user */
756 g_error_matches (error
, G_IO_ERROR
, G_IO_ERROR_CANCELLED
) &&
757 (ctx
->cancellable
== NULL
||
758 !g_cancellable_is_cancelled (ctx
->cancellable
)))
759 g_clear_error (&error
);
761 /* Keep the first error that occurred */
762 if (error
!= NULL
&& ctx
->error
== NULL
)
765 g_clear_error (&error
);
767 if (ctx
->completed
== 1 &&
768 (ctx
->flags
& G_IO_STREAM_SPLICE_WAIT_FOR_BOTH
) == 0)
770 /* We don't want to wait for the 2nd operation to finish, cancel it */
771 g_cancellable_cancel (ctx
->op1_cancellable
);
772 g_cancellable_cancel (ctx
->op2_cancellable
);
774 else if (ctx
->completed
== 2)
776 if (ctx
->cancellable
== NULL
||
777 !g_cancellable_is_cancelled (ctx
->cancellable
))
779 g_cancellable_reset (ctx
->op1_cancellable
);
780 g_cancellable_reset (ctx
->op2_cancellable
);
783 /* Close the IO streams if needed */
784 if ((ctx
->flags
& G_IO_STREAM_SPLICE_CLOSE_STREAM1
) != 0)
786 g_io_stream_close_async (ctx
->stream1
,
787 g_task_get_priority (task
),
788 ctx
->op1_cancellable
,
789 splice_close_cb
, g_object_ref (task
));
794 if ((ctx
->flags
& G_IO_STREAM_SPLICE_CLOSE_STREAM2
) != 0)
796 g_io_stream_close_async (ctx
->stream2
,
797 g_task_get_priority (task
),
798 ctx
->op2_cancellable
,
799 splice_close_cb
, g_object_ref (task
));
804 /* If all operations are done, complete now */
805 if (ctx
->completed
== 4)
806 splice_complete (task
, ctx
);
809 g_object_unref (task
);
813 splice_cancelled_cb (GCancellable
*cancellable
,
818 ctx
= g_task_get_task_data (task
);
819 g_cancellable_cancel (ctx
->op1_cancellable
);
820 g_cancellable_cancel (ctx
->op2_cancellable
);
824 * g_io_stream_splice_async:
825 * @stream1: a #GIOStream.
826 * @stream2: a #GIOStream.
827 * @flags: a set of #GIOStreamSpliceFlags.
828 * @io_priority: the io priority of the request.
829 * @cancellable: (nullable): optional #GCancellable object, %NULL to ignore.
830 * @callback: (scope async): a #GAsyncReadyCallback.
831 * @user_data: (closure): user data passed to @callback.
833 * Asyncronously splice the output stream of @stream1 to the input stream of
834 * @stream2, and splice the output stream of @stream2 to the input stream of
837 * When the operation is finished @callback will be called.
838 * You can then call g_io_stream_splice_finish() to get the
839 * result of the operation.
844 g_io_stream_splice_async (GIOStream
*stream1
,
846 GIOStreamSpliceFlags flags
,
848 GCancellable
*cancellable
,
849 GAsyncReadyCallback callback
,
854 GInputStream
*istream
;
855 GOutputStream
*ostream
;
857 if (cancellable
!= NULL
&& g_cancellable_is_cancelled (cancellable
))
859 g_task_report_new_error (NULL
, callback
, user_data
,
860 g_io_stream_splice_async
,
861 G_IO_ERROR
, G_IO_ERROR_CANCELLED
,
862 "Operation has been cancelled");
866 ctx
= g_slice_new0 (SpliceContext
);
867 ctx
->stream1
= g_object_ref (stream1
);
868 ctx
->stream2
= g_object_ref (stream2
);
870 ctx
->op1_cancellable
= g_cancellable_new ();
871 ctx
->op2_cancellable
= g_cancellable_new ();
874 task
= g_task_new (NULL
, cancellable
, callback
, user_data
);
875 g_task_set_source_tag (task
, g_io_stream_splice_async
);
876 g_task_set_task_data (task
, ctx
, (GDestroyNotify
) splice_context_free
);
878 if (cancellable
!= NULL
)
880 ctx
->cancellable
= g_object_ref (cancellable
);
881 ctx
->cancelled_id
= g_cancellable_connect (cancellable
,
882 G_CALLBACK (splice_cancelled_cb
), g_object_ref (task
),
886 istream
= g_io_stream_get_input_stream (stream1
);
887 ostream
= g_io_stream_get_output_stream (stream2
);
888 g_output_stream_splice_async (ostream
, istream
, G_OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE_NONE
,
889 io_priority
, ctx
->op1_cancellable
, splice_cb
,
890 g_object_ref (task
));
892 istream
= g_io_stream_get_input_stream (stream2
);
893 ostream
= g_io_stream_get_output_stream (stream1
);
894 g_output_stream_splice_async (ostream
, istream
, G_OUTPUT_STREAM_SPLICE_NONE
,
895 io_priority
, ctx
->op2_cancellable
, splice_cb
,
896 g_object_ref (task
));
898 g_object_unref (task
);
902 * g_io_stream_splice_finish:
903 * @result: a #GAsyncResult.
904 * @error: a #GError location to store the error occurring, or %NULL to
907 * Finishes an asynchronous io stream splice operation.
909 * Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE otherwise.
914 g_io_stream_splice_finish (GAsyncResult
*result
,
917 g_return_val_if_fail (g_task_is_valid (result
, NULL
), FALSE
);
919 return g_task_propagate_boolean (G_TASK (result
), error
);