glib/gmacros.h

   1 /* GLIB - Library of useful routines for C programming
   2  * Copyright (C) 1995-1997  Peter Mattis, Spencer Kimball and Josh MacDonald
   3  *
   4  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8  *
   9  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13  *
  14  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * Modified by the GLib Team and others 1997-2000.  See the AUTHORS
  20  * file for a list of people on the GLib Team.  See the ChangeLog
  21  * files for a list of changes.  These files are distributed with
  22  * GLib at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/.
  23  */
  24
  25 /* This file must not include any other glib header file and must thus
  26  * not refer to variables from glibconfig.h
  27  */
  28
  29 #ifndef __G_MACROS_H__
  30 #define __G_MACROS_H__
  31
  32 #if !defined (__GLIB_H_INSIDE__) && !defined (GLIB_COMPILATION)
  33 #error "Only <glib.h> can be included directly."
  34 #endif
  35
  36 /* We include stddef.h to get the system's definition of NULL
  37  */
  38 #include <stddef.h>
  39
  40 #define G_GNUC_CHECK_VERSION(major, minor) \
  41     (defined(__GNUC__) && \
  42      ((__GNUC__ > (major)) || \
  43       ((__GNUC__ == (major)) && \
  44        (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= (minor)))))
  45
  46 /* Here we provide G_GNUC_EXTENSION as an alias for __extension__,
  47  * where this is valid. This allows for warningless compilation of
  48  * "long long" types even in the presence of '-ansi -pedantic'.
  49  */
  50 #if     __GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8)
  51 #define G_GNUC_EXTENSION __extension__
  52 #else
  53 #define G_GNUC_EXTENSION
  54 #endif
  55
  56 /* Every compiler that we target supports inlining, but some of them may
  57  * complain about it if we don't say "__inline".  If we have C99, or if
  58  * we are using C++, then we can use "inline" directly.  Unfortunately
  59  * Visual Studio does not support __STDC_VERSION__, so we need to check
  60  * whether we are on Visual Studio 2013 or earlier to see that we need to
  61  * say "__inline" in C mode.
  62  * Otherwise, we say "__inline" to avoid the warning.
  63  */
  64 #define G_CAN_INLINE
  65 #ifndef __cplusplus
  66 # ifdef _MSC_VER
  67 #  if (_MSC_VER < 1900)
  68 #   define G_INLINE_DEFINE_NEEDED
  69 #  endif
  70 # elif !defined(__STDC_VERSION__) || (__STDC_VERSION__ < 199900)
  71 #  define G_INLINE_DEFINE_NEEDED
  72 # endif
  73 #endif
  74
  75 #ifdef G_INLINE_DEFINE_NEEDED
  76 # undef inline
  77 # define inline __inline
  78 #endif
  79
  80 #undef G_INLINE_DEFINE_NEEDED
  81
  82 /* For historical reasons we need to continue to support those who
  83  * define G_IMPLEMENT_INLINES to mean "don't implement this here".
  84  */
  85 #ifdef G_IMPLEMENT_INLINES
  86 #  define G_INLINE_FUNC extern
  87 #  undef  G_CAN_INLINE
  88 #else
  89 #  define G_INLINE_FUNC static inline
  90 #endif /* G_IMPLEMENT_INLINES */
  91
  92 /* Provide macros to feature the GCC function attribute.
  93  */
  94 #if    __GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 96)
  95 #define G_GNUC_PURE __attribute__((__pure__))
  96 #define G_GNUC_MALLOC __attribute__((__malloc__))
  97 #else
  98 #define G_GNUC_PURE
  99 #define G_GNUC_MALLOC
 100 #endif
 101
 102 #if     __GNUC__ >= 4
 103 #define G_GNUC_NULL_TERMINATED __attribute__((__sentinel__))
 104 #else
 105 #define G_GNUC_NULL_TERMINATED
 106 #endif
 107
 108 /* Clang feature detection: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html */
 109 #ifndef __has_attribute
 110 #define __has_attribute(x) 0
 111 #endif
 112
 113 #ifndef __has_feature
 114 #define __has_feature(x) 0
 115 #endif
 116
 117 #ifndef __has_builtin
 118 #define __has_builtin(x) 0
 119 #endif
 120
 121 #if     (!defined(__clang__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))) || \
 122         (defined(__clang__) && __has_attribute(__alloc_size__))
 123 #define G_GNUC_ALLOC_SIZE(x) __attribute__((__alloc_size__(x)))
 124 #define G_GNUC_ALLOC_SIZE2(x,y) __attribute__((__alloc_size__(x,y)))
 125 #else
 126 #define G_GNUC_ALLOC_SIZE(x)
 127 #define G_GNUC_ALLOC_SIZE2(x,y)
 128 #endif
 129
 130 #if     __GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 4)
 131 #define G_GNUC_PRINTF( format_idx, arg_idx )    \
 132   __attribute__((__format__ (__printf__, format_idx, arg_idx)))
 133 #define G_GNUC_SCANF( format_idx, arg_idx )     \
 134   __attribute__((__format__ (__scanf__, format_idx, arg_idx)))
 135 #define G_GNUC_FORMAT( arg_idx )                \
 136   __attribute__((__format_arg__ (arg_idx)))
 137 #define G_GNUC_NORETURN                         \
 138   __attribute__((__noreturn__))
 139 #define G_GNUC_CONST                            \
 140   __attribute__((__const__))
 141 #define G_GNUC_UNUSED                           \
 142   __attribute__((__unused__))
 143 #define G_GNUC_NO_INSTRUMENT                    \
 144   __attribute__((__no_instrument_function__))
 145 #else   /* !__GNUC__ */
 146 #define G_GNUC_PRINTF( format_idx, arg_idx )
 147 #define G_GNUC_SCANF( format_idx, arg_idx )
 148 #define G_GNUC_FORMAT( arg_idx )
 149 #define G_GNUC_NORETURN
 150 #define G_GNUC_CONST
 151 #define G_GNUC_UNUSED
 152 #define G_GNUC_NO_INSTRUMENT
 153 #endif  /* !__GNUC__ */
 154
 155 #if    __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1)
 156 #define G_GNUC_DEPRECATED __attribute__((__deprecated__))
 157 #else
 158 #define G_GNUC_DEPRECATED
 159 #endif /* __GNUC__ */
 160
 161 #if    __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)
 162 #define G_GNUC_DEPRECATED_FOR(f)                        \
 163   __attribute__((deprecated("Use " #f " instead")))
 164 #else
 165 #define G_GNUC_DEPRECATED_FOR(f)        G_GNUC_DEPRECATED
 166 #endif /* __GNUC__ */
 167
 168 #if    __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)
 169 #define G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                \
 170   _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic push")                       \
 171   _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
 172 #define G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                  \
 173   _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic pop")
 174 #elif defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1500)
 175 #define G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                \
 176   __pragma (warning (push))  \
 177   __pragma (warning (disable : 4996))
 178 #define G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                  \
 179   __pragma (warning (pop))
 180 #elif defined (__clang__)
 181 #define G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS \
 182   _Pragma("clang diagnostic push") \
 183   _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
 184 #define G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS \
 185   _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
 186 #else
 187 #define G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS
 188 #define G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS
 189 #endif
 190
 191 #if     __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3)
 192 #define G_GNUC_MAY_ALIAS __attribute__((may_alias))
 193 #else
 194 #define G_GNUC_MAY_ALIAS
 195 #endif
 196
 197 #if    __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4)
 198 #define G_GNUC_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
 199 #else
 200 #define G_GNUC_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
 201 #endif /* __GNUC__ */
 202
 203 #ifndef G_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
 204 /* Wrap the gcc __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ and __FUNCTION__ variables with
 205  * macros, so we can refer to them as strings unconditionally.
 206  * usage not-recommended since gcc-3.0
 207  */
 208 #if defined (__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 3)
 209 #define G_GNUC_FUNCTION         __FUNCTION__
 210 #define G_GNUC_PRETTY_FUNCTION  __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
 211 #else   /* !__GNUC__ */
 212 #define G_GNUC_FUNCTION         ""
 213 #define G_GNUC_PRETTY_FUNCTION  ""
 214 #endif  /* !__GNUC__ */
 215 #endif  /* !G_DISABLE_DEPRECATED */
 216
 217 #if __has_feature(attribute_analyzer_noreturn) && defined(__clang_analyzer__)
 218 #define G_ANALYZER_ANALYZING 1
 219 #define G_ANALYZER_NORETURN __attribute__((analyzer_noreturn))
 220 #else
 221 #define G_ANALYZER_ANALYZING 0
 222 #define G_ANALYZER_NORETURN
 223 #endif
 224
 225 #define G_STRINGIFY(macro_or_string)    G_STRINGIFY_ARG (macro_or_string)
 226 #define G_STRINGIFY_ARG(contents)       #contents
 227
 228 #ifndef __GI_SCANNER__ /* The static assert macro really confuses the introspection parser */
 229 #define G_PASTE_ARGS(identifier1,identifier2) identifier1 ## identifier2
 230 #define G_PASTE(identifier1,identifier2)      G_PASTE_ARGS (identifier1, identifier2)
 231 #ifdef __COUNTER__
 232 #define G_STATIC_ASSERT(expr) typedef char G_PASTE (_GStaticAssertCompileTimeAssertion_, __COUNTER__)[(expr) ? 1 : -1] G_GNUC_UNUSED
 233 #else
 234 #define G_STATIC_ASSERT(expr) typedef char G_PASTE (_GStaticAssertCompileTimeAssertion_, __LINE__)[(expr) ? 1 : -1] G_GNUC_UNUSED
 235 #endif
 236 #define G_STATIC_ASSERT_EXPR(expr) ((void) sizeof (char[(expr) ? 1 : -1]))
 237 #endif
 238
 239 /* Provide a string identifying the current code position */
 240 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 3) && !defined(__cplusplus)
 241 #define G_STRLOC        __FILE__ ":" G_STRINGIFY (__LINE__) ":" __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ "()"
 242 #else
 243 #define G_STRLOC        __FILE__ ":" G_STRINGIFY (__LINE__)
 244 #endif
 245
 246 /* Provide a string identifying the current function, non-concatenatable */
 247 #if defined (__GNUC__) && defined (__cplusplus)
 248 #define G_STRFUNC     ((const char*) (__PRETTY_FUNCTION__))
 249 #elif defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
 250 #define G_STRFUNC     ((const char*) (__func__))
 251 #elif defined (__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 1300))
 252 #define G_STRFUNC     ((const char*) (__FUNCTION__))
 253 #else
 254 #define G_STRFUNC     ((const char*) ("???"))
 255 #endif
 256
 257 /* Guard C code in headers, while including them from C++ */
 258 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 259 #define G_BEGIN_DECLS  extern "C" {
 260 #define G_END_DECLS    }
 261 #else
 262 #define G_BEGIN_DECLS
 263 #define G_END_DECLS
 264 #endif
 265
 266 /* Provide definitions for some commonly used macros.
 267  *  Some of them are only provided if they haven't already
 268  *  been defined. It is assumed that if they are already
 269  *  defined then the current definition is correct.
 270  */
 271 #ifndef NULL
 272 #  ifdef __cplusplus
 273 #  define NULL        (0L)
 274 #  else /* !__cplusplus */
 275 #  define NULL        ((void*) 0)
 276 #  endif /* !__cplusplus */
 277 #endif
 278
 279 #ifndef FALSE
 280 #define FALSE   (0)
 281 #endif
 282
 283 #ifndef TRUE
 284 #define TRUE    (!FALSE)
 285 #endif
 286
 287 #undef  MAX
 288 #define MAX(a, b)  (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
 289
 290 #undef  MIN
 291 #define MIN(a, b)  (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
 292
 293 #undef  ABS
 294 #define ABS(a)     (((a) < 0) ? -(a) : (a))
 295
 296 #undef  CLAMP
 297 #define CLAMP(x, low, high)  (((x) > (high)) ? (high) : (((x) < (low)) ? (low) : (x)))
 298
 299 /* Count the number of elements in an array. The array must be defined
 300  * as such; using this with a dynamically allocated array will give
 301  * incorrect results.
 302  */
 303 #define G_N_ELEMENTS(arr)               (sizeof (arr) / sizeof ((arr)[0]))
 304
 305 /* Macros by analogy to GINT_TO_POINTER, GPOINTER_TO_INT
 306  */
 307 #define GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(p)     ((gsize) (p))
 308 #define GSIZE_TO_POINTER(s)     ((gpointer) (gsize) (s))
 309
 310 /* Provide convenience macros for handling structure
 311  * fields through their offsets.
 312  */
 313
 314 #if (defined(__GNUC__)  && __GNUC__ >= 4) || defined (_MSC_VER)
 315 #define G_STRUCT_OFFSET(struct_type, member) \
 316       ((glong) offsetof (struct_type, member))
 317 #else
 318 #define G_STRUCT_OFFSET(struct_type, member)    \
 319       ((glong) ((guint8*) &((struct_type*) 0)->member))
 320 #endif
 321
 322 #define G_STRUCT_MEMBER_P(struct_p, struct_offset)   \
 323     ((gpointer) ((guint8*) (struct_p) + (glong) (struct_offset)))
 324 #define G_STRUCT_MEMBER(member_type, struct_p, struct_offset)   \
 325     (*(member_type*) G_STRUCT_MEMBER_P ((struct_p), (struct_offset)))
 326
 327 /* Provide simple macro statement wrappers:
 328  *   G_STMT_START { statements; } G_STMT_END;
 329  * This can be used as a single statement, like:
 330  *   if (x) G_STMT_START { ... } G_STMT_END; else ...
 331  * This intentionally does not use compiler extensions like GCC's '({...})' to
 332  * avoid portability issue or side effects when compiled with different compilers.
 333  * MSVC complains about "while(0)": C4127: "Conditional expression is constant",
 334  * so we use __pragma to avoid the warning since the use here is intentional.
 335  */
 336 #if !(defined (G_STMT_START) && defined (G_STMT_END))
 337 #define G_STMT_START  do
 338 #if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1500)
 339 #define G_STMT_END \
 340     __pragma(warning(push)) \
 341     __pragma(warning(disable:4127)) \
 342     while(0) \
 343     __pragma(warning(pop))
 344 #else
 345 #define G_STMT_END    while (0)
 346 #endif
 347 #endif
 348
 349 /* Deprecated -- do not use. */
 350 #ifndef G_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
 351 #ifdef G_DISABLE_CONST_RETURNS
 352 #define G_CONST_RETURN
 353 #else
 354 #define G_CONST_RETURN const
 355 #endif
 356 #endif
 357
 358 /*
 359  * The G_LIKELY and G_UNLIKELY macros let the programmer give hints to
 360  * the compiler about the expected result of an expression. Some compilers
 361  * can use this information for optimizations.
 362  *
 363  * The _G_BOOLEAN_EXPR macro is intended to trigger a gcc warning when
 364  * putting assignments in g_return_if_fail ().
 365  */
 366 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 2) && defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
 367 #define _G_BOOLEAN_EXPR(expr)                   \
 368  G_GNUC_EXTENSION ({                            \
 369    int _g_boolean_var_;                         \
 370    if (expr)                                    \
 371       _g_boolean_var_ = 1;                      \
 372    else                                         \
 373       _g_boolean_var_ = 0;                      \
 374    _g_boolean_var_;                             \
 375 })
 376 #define G_LIKELY(expr) (__builtin_expect (_G_BOOLEAN_EXPR((expr)), 1))
 377 #define G_UNLIKELY(expr) (__builtin_expect (_G_BOOLEAN_EXPR((expr)), 0))
 378 #else
 379 #define G_LIKELY(expr) (expr)
 380 #define G_UNLIKELY(expr) (expr)
 381 #endif
 382
 383 #if    __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1)
 384 #define G_DEPRECATED __attribute__((__deprecated__))
 385 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1300)
 386 #define G_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
 387 #else
 388 #define G_DEPRECATED
 389 #endif
 390
 391 #if    __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)
 392 #define G_DEPRECATED_FOR(f) __attribute__((__deprecated__("Use '" #f "' instead")))
 393 #elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && (_MSC_FULL_VER > 140050320)
 394 #define G_DEPRECATED_FOR(f) __declspec(deprecated("is deprecated. Use '" #f "' instead"))
 395 #else
 396 #define G_DEPRECATED_FOR(f) G_DEPRECATED
 397 #endif
 398
 399 #if    __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)
 400 #define G_UNAVAILABLE(maj,min) __attribute__((deprecated("Not available before " #maj "." #min)))
 401 #elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && (_MSC_FULL_VER > 140050320)
 402 #define G_UNAVAILABLE(maj,min) __declspec(deprecated("is not available before " #maj "." #min))
 403 #else
 404 #define G_UNAVAILABLE(maj,min) G_DEPRECATED
 405 #endif
 406
 407 #ifndef _GLIB_EXTERN
 408 #define _GLIB_EXTERN extern
 409 #endif
 410
 411 /* These macros are used to mark deprecated functions in GLib headers,
 412  * and thus have to be exposed in installed headers. But please
 413  * do *not* use them in other projects. Instead, use G_DEPRECATED
 414  * or define your own wrappers around it.
 415  */
 416
 417 #ifdef GLIB_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
 418 #define GLIB_DEPRECATED _GLIB_EXTERN
 419 #define GLIB_DEPRECATED_FOR(f) _GLIB_EXTERN
 420 #define GLIB_UNAVAILABLE(maj,min) _GLIB_EXTERN
 421 #else
 422 #define GLIB_DEPRECATED G_DEPRECATED _GLIB_EXTERN
 423 #define GLIB_DEPRECATED_FOR(f) G_DEPRECATED_FOR(f) _GLIB_EXTERN
 424 #define GLIB_UNAVAILABLE(maj,min) G_UNAVAILABLE(maj,min) _GLIB_EXTERN
 425 #endif
 426
 427 #ifdef __GNUC__
 428
 429 /* these macros are private */
 430 #define _GLIB_AUTOPTR_FUNC_NAME(TypeName) glib_autoptr_cleanup_##TypeName
 431 #define _GLIB_AUTOPTR_TYPENAME(TypeName)  TypeName##_autoptr
 432 #define _GLIB_AUTO_FUNC_NAME(TypeName)    glib_auto_cleanup_##TypeName
 433 #define _GLIB_CLEANUP(func)               __attribute__((cleanup(func)))
 434 #define _GLIB_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CHAINUP(ModuleObjName, ParentName) \
 435   typedef ModuleObjName *_GLIB_AUTOPTR_TYPENAME(ModuleObjName);                                          \
 436   static inline void _GLIB_AUTOPTR_FUNC_NAME(ModuleObjName) (ModuleObjName **_ptr) {                     \
 437     _GLIB_AUTOPTR_FUNC_NAME(ParentName) ((ParentName **) _ptr); }                                        \
 438
 439
 440 /* these macros are API */
 441 #define G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(TypeName, func) \
 442   typedef TypeName *_GLIB_AUTOPTR_TYPENAME(TypeName);                                                           \
 443   G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                                                              \
 444   static inline void _GLIB_AUTOPTR_FUNC_NAME(TypeName) (TypeName **_ptr) { if (*_ptr) (func) (*_ptr); }         \
 445   G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS
 446 #define G_DEFINE_AUTO_CLEANUP_CLEAR_FUNC(TypeName, func) \
 447   G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                                                              \
 448   static inline void _GLIB_AUTO_FUNC_NAME(TypeName) (TypeName *_ptr) { (func) (_ptr); }                         \
 449   G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS
 450 #define G_DEFINE_AUTO_CLEANUP_FREE_FUNC(TypeName, func, none) \
 451   G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                                                              \
 452   static inline void _GLIB_AUTO_FUNC_NAME(TypeName) (TypeName *_ptr) { if (*_ptr != none) (func) (*_ptr); }     \
 453   G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS
 454 #define g_autoptr(TypeName) _GLIB_CLEANUP(_GLIB_AUTOPTR_FUNC_NAME(TypeName)) _GLIB_AUTOPTR_TYPENAME(TypeName)
 455 #define g_auto(TypeName) _GLIB_CLEANUP(_GLIB_AUTO_FUNC_NAME(TypeName)) TypeName
 456 #define g_autofree _GLIB_CLEANUP(g_autoptr_cleanup_generic_gfree)
 457
 458 #else /* not GNU C */
 459 /* this (dummy) macro is private */
 460 #define _GLIB_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CHAINUP(ModuleObjName, ParentName)
 461
 462 /* these (dummy) macros are API */
 463 #define G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(TypeName, func)
 464 #define G_DEFINE_AUTO_CLEANUP_CLEAR_FUNC(TypeName, func)
 465 #define G_DEFINE_AUTO_CLEANUP_FREE_FUNC(TypeName, func, none)
 466
 467 /* no declaration of g_auto() or g_autoptr() here */
 468 #endif
 469
 470 #endif /* __G_MACROS_H__ */