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1 # @(#)africa 7.16
3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
8 #
9 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
11 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
12 #
13 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
14 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
18 #
19 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
20 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
21 #
22 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
23 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
24 # I found in the UCLA library.
25 #
26 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
27 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
28 # Oxford University Press (1980).
29 #
30 # I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
31 # So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
32 # AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
33 # LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
34 # For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
35 #
36 # Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
37 # in decreasing order of importance:
38 #
39 # Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
40 # `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
41 # E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
42 # Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
43 # One such location is enough.
44 # If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970,
45 # don't bother to include more than one location
46 # even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970.
47 # Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
48 # If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
49 # e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
50 # prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
51 # Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries
52 # or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
53 # locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris'
54 # to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
55 # Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
56 # prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
57 # The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
58 # Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
59 # e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with
60 # similar populations, pick the best-known location,
61 # e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
62 # Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
63 # Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
64 # would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
65 # `Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
66 # but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
67 # of Mexico has several time zones.
68 # Use `_' to represent a space.
69 # Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
70 # to `St._Helena'.
71 #
72 # For time zone abbreviations like `EST' I used the following rules,
73 # in decreasing order of importance:
74 #
75 # Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters,
76 # except use "___" for locations while uninhabited.
77 # Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to
78 # upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions.
79 # Previous editions of this database also used characters like
80 # ' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
81 # the shell and cause commands like
82 # set `date`
83 # to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could
84 # be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case
85 # Ascii letters (and "___").
86 # Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
87 # e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
88 # We assume that applications translate them to other languages
89 # as part of the normal localization process; for example,
90 # a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'.
91 # For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
92 # traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
93 # The only name like this in current use is `GMT'.
94 # If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
95 # translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
96 # If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
97 # (e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then:
98 #
99 # When a country has a single or principal time zone region,
100 # append `T' to the country's ISO code, e.g. `CVT' for
101 # Cape Verde Time. For summer time append `ST';
102 # for double summer time append `DST'; etc.
103 # When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three
104 # letters of an English place name identifying each zone
105 # and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before;
106 # e.g. `MOSST' for MOScow Summer Time.
107 #
108 #
109 # For Africa I invented the following time zone abbreviations.
110 # LMT Local Mean Time
111 # -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time (no longer used)
112 # 0:00 WAT West Africa Time
113 # 1:00 CAT Central Africa Time
114 # 2:00 SAT South Africa Time
115 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
116 # The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
117 # BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
120 # Algeria
121 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
122 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
123 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 -
124 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
125 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
126 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
127 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
128 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
129 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
130 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
131 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
132 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
133 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 S
134 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
135 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
136 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
137 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
138 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
139 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
140 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
141 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
142 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
143 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
144 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
147 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
148 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
149 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
150 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
151 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
152 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
153 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
154 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
155 1:00 - CET
157 # Angola
158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
159 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
160 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
161 1:00 - CAT
163 # Bassas da India
164 # uninhabited
166 # Benin
167 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
168 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
169 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
170 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
171 1:00 - CAT
173 # Botswana
174 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
175 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
176 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
177 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
178 2:00 - SAT
180 # Burkina Faso
181 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
182 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
183 0:00 - WAT
185 # Burundi
186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
187 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
188 2:00 - SAT
190 # Cameroon
191 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
192 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
193 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
194 1:00 - CAT
196 # Cape Verde
197 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
198 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
199 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
200 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
201 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
202 -1:00 - CVT
204 # Central African Republic
205 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
206 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
207 1:00 - CAT
209 # Chad
210 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
211 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
212 1:00 - CAT 1979 Oct 14
213 1:00 1:00 CAST 1980 Mar 8
214 1:00 - CAT
216 # Comoros
217 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
218 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
219 3:00 - EAT
221 # Congo
222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
223 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
224 1:00 - CAT
226 # Cote D'Ivoire
227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
228 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
229 0:00 - WAT
231 # Djibouti
232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
233 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
234 3:00 - EAT
236 ###############################################################################
238 # Egypt
240 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
241 # Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
242 # also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
243 # soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
244 # DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
246 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
247 # EGYPT 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
248 # EGYPT 3 H AHEAD OF UTC MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
249 # EGYPT RAMADAN)
251 # From Shanks (1991):
252 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
253 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
254 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
255 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
256 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
257 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
258 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
259 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
260 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
261 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
262 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
263 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
264 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
265 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
266 Rule Egypt 1966 1990 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
267 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
268 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
269 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
270 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
271 Rule Egypt 1990 only - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
272 Rule Egypt 1991 1994 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
273 Rule Egypt 1991 1994 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
274 Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
275 Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 0:00 0 -
277 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
278 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
279 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
281 # Equatorial Guinea
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
284 0:00 - WAT 1963 Dec 15
285 1:00 - CAT
287 # Eritrea
288 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
289 Zone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
290 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
291 2:35:20 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT?
292 3:00 - EAT
294 # Ethiopia
295 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
296 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
297 2:35:20 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT?
298 3:00 - EAT
300 # Europa Island
301 # uninhabited
303 # Gabon
304 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
305 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
306 1:00 - CAT
308 # Gambia
309 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
310 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
311 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
312 -1:00 - AAT 1964
313 0:00 - WAT
315 # Ghana
316 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
317 # WATST is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Summer Time''.
318 # From Shanks (1991):
319 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
320 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
321 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 WATST
322 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 WAT
323 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
324 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
325 0:00 Ghana %s
327 # Glorioso Is
328 # uninhabited
330 # Guinea
331 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
332 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
333 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
334 1:00 - CAT 1960
335 0:00 - WAT
337 # Guinea-Bissau
338 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
339 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
340 1:00 - CAT 1975
341 0:00 - WAT
343 # Juan de Nova
344 # uninhabited
346 # Kenya
347 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
348 # Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
350 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
351 3:00 - EAT 1930
352 2:30 - BEAT 1948
353 2:45 - BEAT 1960
354 3:00 - EAT
356 # Lesotho
357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
359 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
360 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
361 2:00 - SAT
363 # Liberia
364 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
365 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
366 # from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
367 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
368 # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
369 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
370 # each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
371 #
372 # From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
373 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
374 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
375 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
376 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
377 0:00 - WAT
379 ###############################################################################
381 # Libya
383 # From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
384 # Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
386 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
387 # LIBYAN ARAB 1 H AHEAD OF UTC JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
388 # LIBYAN ARAB 2 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
390 # From Shanks (1991):
391 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
392 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
393 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
394 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
395 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
396 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
397 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
398 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
399 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
400 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
401 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
402 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
403 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
404 Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
405 Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
406 Rule Libya 1996 max - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S
407 Rule Libya 1996 max - Sep 30 2:00s 0 -
408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
409 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
410 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
411 2:00 - EET 1982
412 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991
413 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00
414 1:00 Libya CE%sT
416 # Madagascar
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
419 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
420 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
421 3:00 - EAT
423 # Malawi
424 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
425 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
426 2:00 - SAT
428 # Mali
429 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
430 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
431 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
432 -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20
433 0:00 - WAT
434 # no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
435 Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
436 0:00 - WAT
438 # Mauritania
439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
440 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
441 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
442 -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20
443 0:00 - WAT
445 # Mauritius
446 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
447 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
448 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time
449 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
450 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
452 # Mayotte
453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
455 3:00 - EAT
457 # Morocco
458 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
459 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
460 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
461 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
462 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
463 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
464 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
465 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
466 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
467 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
468 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
469 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
470 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
471 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
472 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
473 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
474 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
475 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
476 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
477 1:00 - CET 1986
478 0:00 - WET
479 # Western Sahara
480 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
481 -1:00 - AAT 1976 Apr 14
482 0:00 - WET
484 # Mozambique
485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
486 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
487 2:00 - SAT
489 # Namibia
490 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
491 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
492 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
494 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
495 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
496 2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00
497 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
498 2:00 Namibia SA%sT
500 # Niger
501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
502 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
503 1:00 - CAT 1934 Feb 26
504 0:00 - WAT 1960
505 1:00 - CAT
507 # Nigeria
508 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
509 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
510 1:00 - CAT
512 # Reunion
513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
514 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
515 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
517 # Rwanda
518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
520 2:00 - SAT
522 # St Helena
523 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
524 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
525 -0:06 - SHT 1951 # St Helena Time (?)
526 0:00 - GMT
527 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
528 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman
529 # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995
530 # Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
532 # Sao Tome and Principe
533 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
534 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
535 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
536 0:00 - WAT
538 # Senegal
539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
540 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
541 -1:00 - AAT 1941 Jun
542 0:00 - WAT
544 # Seychelles
545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
546 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
547 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
549 # Sierra Leone
550 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
551 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
552 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
553 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
554 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
555 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
556 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
557 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
558 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
559 -1:00 SL AA%sT 1957
560 0:00 SL WA%sT
562 # Somalia
563 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
564 # Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
566 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
567 3:00 - EAT 1931
568 2:30 - BEAT 1948
569 2:45 - BEAT 1957 # not in Shanks
570 3:00 - EAT
572 # South Africa
573 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
574 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
575 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
576 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
577 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
578 1:30 - SAT 1903 Mar
579 2:00 SA SA%sT
580 # Prince Edward Is
581 # no information
583 # Sudan
584 # From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
585 # Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
586 # I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
587 # United Nations: 212-573-6033
588 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
589 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
590 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
591 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
592 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
593 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
594 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
595 2:00 Sudan EE%sT
597 # Swaziland
598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
600 2:00 - SAT
602 # Tanzania
603 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
604 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
605 3:00 - EAT 1948
606 2:45 - BEAT 1961
607 3:00 - EAT
609 # Togo
610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
611 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
612 0:00 - WAT
614 # Tromelin
615 # uninhabited
617 # Tunisia
618 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
619 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
620 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
621 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
622 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
623 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
624 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
625 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
626 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
627 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
628 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
629 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
630 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
631 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
632 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
633 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
634 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
635 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
636 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
637 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
638 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
639 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
640 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
641 # Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
644 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
645 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
647 # Uganda
648 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
649 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
650 3:00 - EAT 1930
651 2:30 - BEAT 1948
652 2:45 - BEAT 1957
653 3:00 - EAT
655 # Zaire
656 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
657 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
658 1:00 - CAT
659 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
660 2:00 - SAT
662 # Zambia
663 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
664 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
665 2:00 - SAT
667 # Zimbabwe
668 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
669 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
670 2:00 - SAT