4 Network Working Group E. Rescorla
5 Internet-Draft Network Resonance
6 Intended status: Standards Track February 20, 2008
7 Expires: August 23, 2008
10 Keying Material Extractors for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
11 draft-ietf-tls-extractor-01.txt
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36 This Internet-Draft will expire on August 23, 2008.
40 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
44 A number of protocols wish to leverage Transport Layer Security (TLS)
45 to perform key establishment but then use some of the keying material
46 for their own purposes. This document describes a general mechanism
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62 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
63 2. Conventions Used In This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
64 3. Binding to Application Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
65 4. Extractor Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
66 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
67 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
68 7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
69 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
70 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
71 8.2. Informational References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
72 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
73 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 7
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118 A number of protocols wish to leverage Transport Layer Security (TLS)
119 [RFC4346] or Datagram TLS (DTLS) [RFC4347] to perform key
120 establishment but then use some of the keying material for their own
121 purposes. A typical example is DTLS-SRTP [I-D.ietf-avt-dtls-srtp],
122 which uses DTLS to perform a key exchange and negotiate the SRTP
123 [RFC3711] protection suite and then uses the DTLS master_secret to
124 generate the SRTP keys.
126 These applications imply a need to be able to extract keying material
127 (later called Exported Keying Material or EKM) from TLS/DTLS, and
128 securely agree on the upper-layer context where the keying material
129 will be used. The mechanism for extracting the keying material has
130 the following requirements:
132 o Both client and server need to be able to extract the same EKM
134 o EKM values should be indistinguishable from random by attackers
135 who don't know the master_secret.
136 o It should be possible to extract multiple EKM values from the same
137 TLS/DTLS association.
138 o Knowing one EKM value should not reveal any information about the
139 master_secret or about other EKM values.
141 The mechanism described in this document is intended to fill these
145 2. Conventions Used In This Document
147 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
148 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
149 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
152 3. Binding to Application Contexts
154 In addition to extracting keying material, an application using the
155 keying material has to securely establish the upper-layer layer
156 context where the keying material will be used. The details of this
157 context depend on the application, but it could include things such
158 as algorithms and parameters that will be used with the keys,
159 identifier(s) for the endpoint(s) who will use the keys,
160 identifier(s) for the session(s) where the keys will be used, and the
161 lifetime(s) for the context and/or keys. At minimum, there should be
162 some mechanism for signalling that an extractor will be used.
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172 This specification does not mandate a single mechanism for agreeing
173 on such context; instead, there are several possibilities that can be
174 used (and can complement each other). For example:
176 o One important part of the context -- which application will use
177 the extracted keys -- is given by the disambiguating label string
179 o Information about the upper-layer context can be included in the
180 optional data after the extractor label (see Section 4).
181 o Information about the upper-layer context can be exchanged in TLS
182 extensions included in the ClientHello and ServerHello messages.
183 This approach is used in [DTLS-SRTP]. The handshake messages are
184 protected by the Finished messages, so once the handshake
185 completes, the peers will have the same view of the information.
186 Extensions also allow a limited form of negotiation: for example,
187 the TLS client could propose several alternatives for some context
188 parameters, and TLS server could select one of them.
189 o The upper-layer protocol can include its own handshake which can
190 be protected using the keys extracted from TLS.
192 It is important to note that just embedding TLS messages in the
193 upper-layer protocol may not automatically secure all the important
194 context information, since the upper-layer messages are not covered
195 by TLS Finished messages.
198 4. Extractor Definition
200 An extractor takes as input three values:
202 o A disambiguating label string
203 o A per-association context value provided by the extractor using
210 PRF(master_secret, label,
211 SecurityParameters.client_random +
212 SecurityParameters.server_random +
213 context_value_length + context_value
216 The output is a pseudorandom bit string of length bytes generated
217 from the master_secret.
219 Label values beginning with "EXPERIMENTAL" MAY be used for private
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228 use without registration. All other label values MUST be registered
229 via Specification Required as described by RFC 2434 [RFC2434]. Note
230 that extractor labels have the potential to collide with existing PRF
231 labels. In order to prevent this, labels SHOULD begin with
232 "EXTRACTOR". This is not a MUST because there are existing uses
233 which have labels which do not begin with this prefix.
235 The context value allows the application using the extractor to mix
236 its own data with the TLS PRF for the extractor output. The context
237 value length is encoded as an unsigned 16-bit quantity (uint16)
238 representing the length of the context value.
241 5. Security Considerations
243 Because an extractor produces the same value if applied twice with
244 the same label to the same master_secret, it is critical that two EKM
245 values generated with the same label be used for two different
246 purposes--hence the requirement for IANA registration. However,
247 because extractors depend on the TLS PRF, it is not a threat to the
248 use of an EKM value generated from one label to reveal an EKM value
249 generated from another label.
252 6. IANA Considerations
254 IANA is requested to create (has created) a TLS Extractor Label
255 registry for this purpose. The initial contents of the registry are
260 client finished [RFC4346]
261 server finished [RFC4346]
262 master secret [RFC4346]
263 key expansion [RFC4346]
264 client EAP encryption [RFC2716]
265 ttls keying material [draft-funk-eap-ttls-v0-01]
267 Future values are allocated via RFC2434 Specification Required
268 policy. The label is a string consisting of printable ASCII
269 characters. IANA MUST also verify that one label is not a prefix of
270 any other label. For example, labels "key" or "master secretary" are
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286 Thanks to Pasi Eronen for valuable comments and the contents of the
287 IANA section and Section 3.
292 8.1. Normative References
294 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
295 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
297 [RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
298 IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
301 [RFC4346] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
302 (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.
304 8.2. Informational References
306 [RFC4347] Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
307 Security", RFC 4347, April 2006.
309 [RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
310 Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
311 RFC 3711, March 2004.
313 [I-D.ietf-avt-dtls-srtp]
314 McGrew, D. and E. Rescorla, "Datagram Transport Layer
315 Security (DTLS) Extension to Establish Keys for Secure
316 Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
317 draft-ietf-avt-dtls-srtp-01 (work in progress),
329 Email: ekr@networkresonance.com
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