7 Network Working Group C. Newman
8 Request for Comments: 2245 Innosoft
9 Category: Standards Track November 1997
12 Anonymous SASL Mechanism
16 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
17 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
18 improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
19 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
20 and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
24 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1997). All Rights Reserved.
28 It is common practice on the Internet to permit anonymous access to
29 various services. Traditionally, this has been done with a plain
30 text password mechanism using "anonymous" as the user name and
31 optional trace information, such as an email address, as the
32 password. As plaintext login commands are not permitted in new IETF
33 protocols, a new way to provide anonymous login is needed within the
34 context of the SASL [SASL] framework.
36 1. Conventions Used in this Document
38 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
39 in this document are to be interpreted as defined in "Key words for
40 use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [KEYWORDS].
42 2. Anonymous SASL mechanism
44 The mechanism name associated with anonymous access is "ANONYMOUS".
45 The mechanism consists of a single message from the client to the
46 server. The client sends optional trace information in the form of a
47 human readable string. The trace information should take one of
48 three forms: an Internet email address, an opaque string which does
49 not contain the '@' character and can be interpreted by the system
50 administrator of the client's domain, or nothing. For privacy
51 reasons, an Internet email address should only be used with
52 permission from the user.
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60 RFC 2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism November 1997
63 A server which permits anonymous access will announce support for the
64 ANONYMOUS mechanism, and allow anyone to log in using that mechanism,
65 usually with restricted access.
67 The formal grammar for the client message using Augmented BNF [ABNF]
70 message = [email / token]
72 TCHAR = %x20-3F / %x41-7E
73 ;; any printable US-ASCII character except '@'
76 ;; as defined in [IMAIL], except with no free
77 ;; insertion of linear-white-space, and the
78 ;; local-part MUST either be entirely enclosed in
79 ;; quotes or entirely unquoted
86 Here is a sample anonymous login between an IMAP client and server.
87 In this example, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
88 server respectively. If such lines are wrapped without a new "C:" or
89 "S:" label, then the wrapping is for editorial clarity and is not
92 Note that this example uses the IMAP profile [IMAP4] of SASL. The
93 base64 encoding of challenges and responses, as well as the "+ "
94 preceding the responses are part of the IMAP4 profile, not part of
95 SASL itself. Newer profiles of SASL will include the client message
96 with the AUTHENTICATE command itself so the extra round trip below
97 (the server response with an empty "+ ") can be eliminated.
99 In this example, the user's opaque identification token is "sirhc".
101 S: * OK IMAP4 server ready
103 S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4 IMAP4rev1 AUTH=CRAM-MD5 AUTH=ANONYMOUS
105 C: A002 AUTHENTICATE ANONYMOUS
108 S: A003 OK Welcome, trace information has been logged.
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116 RFC 2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism November 1997
119 4. Security Considerations
121 The anonymous mechanism grants access to information by anyone. For
122 this reason it should be disabled by default so the administrator can
123 make an explicit decision to enable it.
125 If the anonymous user has any write privileges, a denial of service
126 attack is possible by filling up all available space. This can be
127 prevented by disabling all write access by anonymous users.
129 If anonymous users have read and write access to the same area, the
130 server can be used as a communication mechanism to anonymously
131 exchange information. Servers which accept anonymous submissions
132 should implement the common "drop box" model which forbids anonymous
133 read access to the area where anonymous submissions are accepted.
135 If the anonymous user can run many expensive operations (e.g., an
136 IMAP SEARCH BODY command), this could enable a denial of service
137 attack. Servers are encouraged to limit the number of anonymous
138 users and reduce their priority or limit their resource usage.
140 If there is no idle timeout for the anonymous user and there is a
141 limit on the number of anonymous users, a denial of service attack is
142 enabled. Servers should implement an idle timeout for anonymous
145 The trace information is not authenticated so it can be falsified.
146 This can be used as an attempt to get someone else in trouble for
147 access to questionable information. Administrators trying to trace
148 abuse need to realize this information may be falsified.
150 A client which uses the user's correct email address as trace
151 information without explicit permission may violate that user's
152 privacy. Information about who accesses an anonymous archive on a
153 sensitive subject (e.g., sexual abuse) has strong privacy needs.
154 Clients should not send the email address without explicit permission
155 of the user and should offer the option of supplying no trace token
156 -- thus only exposing the source IP address and time. Anonymous
157 proxy servers could enhance this privacy, but would have to consider
158 the resulting potential denial of service attacks.
160 Anonymous connections are susceptible to man in the middle attacks
161 which view or alter the data transferred. Clients and servers are
162 encouraged to support external integrity and encryption mechanisms.
164 Protocols which fail to require an explicit anonymous login are more
165 susceptible to break-ins given certain common implementation
166 techniques. Specifically, Unix servers which offer user login may
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172 RFC 2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism November 1997
175 initially start up as root and switch to the appropriate user id
176 after an explicit login command. Normally such servers refuse all
177 data access commands prior to explicit login and may enter a
178 restricted security environment (e.g., the Unix chroot function) for
179 anonymous users. If anonymous access is not explicitly requested,
180 the entire data access machinery is exposed to external security
181 attacks without the chance for explicit protective measures.
182 Protocols which offer restricted data access should not allow
183 anonymous data access without an explicit login step.
187 [ABNF] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
188 Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
190 [IMAIL] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of Arpa Internet Text
191 Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, August 1982.
193 [IMAP4] Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol - Version
194 4rev1", RFC 2060, December 1996.
196 [KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
197 Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.
199 [SASL] Myers, J., "Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)",
200 RFC 2222, October 1997.
205 Innosoft International, Inc.
207 West Covina, CA 91790 USA
209 Email: chris.newman@innosoft.com
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228 RFC 2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism November 1997
231 7. Full Copyright Statement
233 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1997). All Rights Reserved.
235 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
236 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
237 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
238 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
239 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
240 included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
241 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
242 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
243 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
244 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
245 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
246 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
249 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
250 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
252 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
253 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
254 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
255 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
256 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
257 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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