2 * Copyright 2011-2012 Haiku, Inc. All rights reserved.
3 * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
6 * Axel Dörfler, axeld@pinc-software.de
7 * John Scipione, jscipione@gmail.com
8 * Oliver Tappe, zooey@hirschkaefer.de
11 * headers/os/locale/Catalog.h hrev45083
12 * src/kits/locale/Catalog.cpp hrev45083
20 \brief Provides the BCatalog class.
28 \brief String localization handling.
30 BCatalog is the class that allows you to perform string localization. This
31 means you give it a string in english, and it automatically returns the
32 translation of this string in the user's specified language, if available.
34 Most of the time, you don't have to deal with BCatalog directly. You use
35 the translation macros instead. However, there are some cases where you
36 will have to use catalogs directly. These include :
37 - Tools for managing catalogs : if you want to add, remove or edit
38 entries in a catalog, you need to do it using the BCatalog class.
39 - Accessing catalogs other than your own : the macros only grant you
40 access to the catalog linked with your application. To access
41 other catalogs (for example if you create a script interpreter and
42 want to localize the scripts), you will have to open a catalog
43 associated with your script.
45 \section macros Using the macros
47 You don't have to do much in your program to handle catalogs. You must
48 first set the B_TRANSLATION_CONTEXT define to a string that identifies which
49 part of the application the strings you will translate are in. This allows
50 the translators to keep track of the strings in the catalog more easily,
51 and find where they are visible in the application. then, all you have to
52 do, is enclose any string you want to make translatable in the
53 B_TRANSLATE() macro. This macro has two uses, it will allow your text to
54 be replaced at run-time by the proper localized one, but it will also
55 allow to build the base catalog, the one that you will send to the
56 translator team, from your sourcecode.
58 Note that each image (application, library or add-on) using these macros
59 must be linked with liblocalestub.a. This allows the Locale Kit to identify
60 it and locate the matching string catalogs for translation.
62 \section chaining Chaining of catalogs
64 The catalogs you get from the locale kit are designed to use a fallback
65 system so that the user get strings in the language he's the most fluent
66 with, depending on what catalogs are available.
68 For example, if the user sets his language preferences as French(France),
69 spanish, english, when an application loads a catalog, the following rules
71 - Try to load a French(France) catalog. If it is found, this catalog
72 will automatically include strings from the generic french catalog.
73 - Try to load a generic french catalog.
74 - Try to load a generic spanish catalog.
75 - Try to load a generic english catalog.
76 - If all of them failed, use the strings that are in the source code.
78 Note that French(France) will failback to French, but then directly to the
79 language in the source code. This avoids mixing 3 or more languages in the
80 same application if the catalogs are incomplete and avoids confusion.
87 \fn BCatalog::BCatalog()
88 \brief Construct an empty BCatalog object.
90 Should be followed by SetTo() method to set the catalog.
97 \fn BCatalog::BCatalog(const entry_ref& catalogOwner, const char* language,
99 \brief Construct a BCatalog object for the given \a catalogOwner.
101 If you don't specify a language, the system default list will be used.
102 The language is passed here as a 2 letter ISO code.
104 The fingerprint is a way to check that the catalog that will be loaded
105 matches the current version of the application. A catalog made for a
106 different version of the application can be loaded if you set the
107 fingerprint to \c 0. This is usually not a problem, it only means that
108 some strings may not be translated properly. But if you want to provide
109 different versions of your application, it may be useful to separate their
112 \param catalogOwner entry_ref for which to load a catalog.
113 \param language The language of the catalog to load. If \c NULL, the user
114 settings will be used.
115 \param fingerprint The fingerprint version-info for the catalog to load.
116 If \c 0, the fingerprint will not be checked,and any version of the
117 catalog will be loaded.
124 \fn BCatalog::~BCatalog()
125 \brief Destroys the BCatalog object freeing memory used by it.
132 \fn const char* BCatalog::GetString(const char* string,
133 const char* context, const char* comment)
134 \brief Get a string from the catalog.
136 This method access the data of the catalog and returns you the translated
137 version of the string. You must pass it the context where the string is, as
138 the same string may appear somewhere else and need a different translation.
139 The comment is optional. It is meant as an help to translators, when the
140 string alone is not helpful enough or there are special things to note.
141 The comment is also used as a way to uniquely identify a string, so if two
142 identical strings share the same context, it is still possible to provide
143 different translations.
145 \param string The string to translate.
146 \param context The context where the string is located.
147 \param comment Supplementary comment for translators.
149 \returns The translated string, or the one passed as a parameter if no
150 translation was found.
157 \fn const char* BCatalog::GetString(uint32 id)
158 \brief Get a string by id from the catalog.
160 The id based version of this method is slightly faster, as it doesn't
161 have to compute the hash from the 3 parameters. However, it will fail
162 if there is an hash collision, so you should still fallback to the first
163 one in case of problems. Also note that the hash value may be different
164 from one catalog to another, depending on the file format they are stored
165 in, so you shouldn't rely on this method unless you are sure you can keep
166 all the catalog files under control.
168 \param id The identifier of the string.
170 \returns The translated string if found, or an empty string.
177 \fn status_t BCatalog::GetData(const char* name, BMessage* msg)
178 \brief Get custom data from the catalog.
180 This method allows you to localize something else than raw text. This
181 may include pictures, sounds, videos, or anything else. Note there is no
182 support for generating a catalog with such data inside, and the current
183 format may not support it. If you need to localize data that is not text,
184 it is advised to handle it by yourself.
186 \param name The name of the data to retrieve.
187 \param msg The BMessage to fill in with the data.
189 \returns A status code.
190 \retval B_OK Everything went fine.
191 \retval B_ERROR Unable to get an exclusive lock on data.
192 \retval B_NO_INIT Catalog is \c NULL.
193 \retval B_NAME_NOT_FOUND catalog with the specified \a name could not be
201 \fn status_t BCatalog::GetData(uint32 id, BMessage* msg)
202 \brief Get custom data from the catalog.
204 As for GetString, the id-based version may be subject to hash-collisions,
207 Note the current catalog format doesn't allow storing custom data in
208 catalogs, so the only way to use this method is providing your own
209 catalog add-on for storing the data.
216 \fn status_t BCatalog::GetSignature(BString* sig)
217 \brief Get the catalog mime-signature.
219 This method fills the sig string with the mime-signature associated to the
222 \param sig The string where to copy the signature.
224 \returns An error code.
231 \fn status_t BCatalog::GetLanguage(BString* lang)
232 \brief Get the catalog language.
234 This method fills the lang string with the language name for the catalog.
236 \param lang The string where to copy the language.
238 \returns An error code.
239 \retval B_OK Everything went as expected.
240 \retval B_ERROR Could not get exclusive lock on catalog.
241 \retval B_BAD_VALUE \a lang is \c NULL.
242 \retval B_NO_INIT Catalog data is \c NULL.
249 \fn status_t BCatalog::GetFingerprint(uint32* fp)
250 \brief Get the catalog fingerprint.
252 This method setsfp to the fingerprint of the catalog. This allows you
253 to check which version of the sourcecode this catalog was generated from.
255 \param fp The integer to set to the fingerprint value.
257 \returns An error code.
258 \retval B_OK Everything went as expected.
259 \retval B_ERROR Could not get exclusive lock on catalog.
260 \retval B_BAD_VALUE \a fp is \c NULL.
261 \retval B_NO_INIT Catalog data is \c NULL.
268 \fn status_t BCatalog::SetTo(const entry_ref& catalogOwner,
269 const char* language, uint32 fingerprint)
270 \brief Reload the string data.
272 This method reloads the data for the given signature and fingerprint.
274 \param catalogOwner The \c entry_ref of the catalog that you want to load.
275 \param language The language of the catalog to load. If \c NULL, the user
276 settings will be used.
277 \param fingerprint The fingerprint of the catalog you want to load.
279 \returns A status code, \c B_OK on success, \c B_ERROR on error.
286 \fn status_t BCatalog::InitCheck() const
287 \brief Check if the catalog is in a valid and usable state.
289 \returns A status code.
290 \retval B_OK The catalog is initialized properly.
291 \retval B_ERROR Could not get exclusive lock on catalog.
292 \retval B_NO_INIT Catalog data is \c NULL.
299 \fn int32 BCatalog::CountItems() const
300 \brief Gets the number of items in the catalog.
302 \returns the number of strings in the catalog or 0 on error.