vfs: check userland buffers before reading them.
[haiku.git] / docs / userguide / zh_CN / preferences / appearance.html
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh-CN" xml:lang="zh-CN">
4 <head>
5 <!--
7 * Copyright 2008-2014, Haiku. All rights reserved.
8 * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
10 * Authors:
11 * Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
12 * Translators:
13 * Pengphei Han
14 * Humdinger
16 -->
17 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
18 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
19 <meta name="robots" content="all" />
20 <title>外观</title>
21 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
22 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../Haiku-doc.css" />
23 </head>
24 <body>
26 <div id="banner">
27 <div><span>User guide</span></div>
28 </div>
30 <div class="nav">
31 <div class="inner">
32 <ul class="lang-menu">
33 <li class="now"><img src="../../images/flags/zh_CN.png" alt="" />  中文 [中文]</li>
34 <li><a href="../../ca/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ca.png" alt="" />Català</a></li>
35 <li><a href="../../de/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/de.png" alt="" />Deutsch</a></li>
36 <li><a href="../../en/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/gb.png" alt="" />English</a></li>
37 <li><a href="../../es/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/es.png" alt="" />Español</a></li>
38 <li><a href="../../fr/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/fr.png" alt="" />Français</a></li>
39 <li><a href="../../it/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/it.png" alt="" />Italiano</a></li>
40 <li><a href="../../hu/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/hu.png" alt="" />Magyar</a></li>
41 <li><a href="../../pl/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pl.png" alt="" />Polski</a></li>
42 <li><a href="../../pt_PT/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pt_PT.png" alt="" />Português</a></li>
43 <li><a href="../../pt_BR/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pt_BR.png" alt="" />Português (Brazil)</a></li>
44 <li><a href="../../ro/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ro.png" alt="" />Română</a></li>
45 <li><a href="../../sk/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/sk.png" alt="" />Slovenčina</a></li>
46 <li><a href="../../fi/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/fi.png" alt="" />Suomi</a></li>
47 <li><a href="../../sv_SE/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/sv_SE.png" alt="" />Svenska</a></li>
48 <li><a href="../../ru/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ru.png" alt="" />Русский</a></li>
49 <li><a href="../../uk/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/uk.png" alt="" />Українська</a></li>
50 <li><a href="../../jp/preferences/appearance.html"><img src="../../images/flags/jp.png" alt="" />日本語</a></li>
51 </ul>
52 <span>
53 <a href="../preferences.html" class="uplink">Preferences</a> 
54 ::  <a href="backgrounds.html">背景</a>  »
55 </span></div>
56 </div>
58 <div id="content">
59 <div>
61 <h2><img src="../../images/prefs-images/appearance-icon_64.png" alt="appearance-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />外观</h2>
62 <table summary="quickinfo" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
63 <tr><td>桌面栏:</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="menu">首选项</span></td></tr>
64 <tr><td>位置:</td><td></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/preferences/Appearance</span></td></tr>
65 <tr><td>设置:</td><td></td><td><span class="path">~/config/settings/system/app_server/appearance</span><br />
66 <span class="path">~/config/settings/system/app_server/fonts</span></td></tr>
67 </table>
68 <p>外观首选项允许你对 Haiku 的外观做出一些修改。</p>
70 <h2>
71 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
72 <a id="fonts" name="fonts">字体</a></h2>
73 <img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-fonts.png" alt="appearance-fonts.png" />
74 <p>Haiku定义了三种标准字体用于不同的目的。您可以设置系统中使用的普通,粗体和等宽字体类型。除此之外,还有用于菜单字体的独立设置。</p>
76 <h3>
77 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
78 <a id="installing_fonts" name="installing_fonts">安装字体</a></h3>
79 <p>新字体将不会以常规的 .hpkg 包形式提供,您可以根据字体类型(<tt>psfonts</tt> 或者 <tt>ttfonts</tt>)将字体复制到 <tt>non-packaged</tt> 下的相应子目录进行安装(详情查看 <a href="../filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a>)。对于 TrueType 字体如下:</p>
80 <table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
81 <tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/data/fonts/ttfonts/</span></td><td>   </td><td>用于对所有用户都可用的字体。</td></tr>
82 <tr><td><span class="path">/boot/home/config/non-packaged/data/fonts/ttfonts/</span></td><td>   </td><td>用于仅对自己可用的字体。</td></tr>
83 </table>
85 <h2>
86 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
87 <a id="colors" name="colors">颜色</a></h2>
88 <img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-colors.png" alt="appearance-colors.png" />
89 <p><span class="menu">颜色</span> 标签页中,您可以对用户界面不同部分的颜色做出修改。当然,这些颜色也支持拖拽操作;您从其他程序选取颜色,例如:<span class="app">WonderBrush</span><span class="app">图标套件</span> 或者 <span class="app">背景</span> 面板。</p>
91 <h2>
92 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
93 <a id="decorators" name="decorators">窗口装饰</a></h2>
94 <img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-decorators.png" alt="appearance-decorators.png" />
95 <p>Decorators 决定了窗口和所有界面元素的样式和外观。目前,Haiku 仅带有默认的装饰。如果您安装了其他的装饰,您可以从弹出菜单中选择使用。</p>
96 <p>Haiku 默认的装饰可以让您选择箭头类型和滚动条:滚动栏两端的单向箭头,或者类似于传统 BeOS 方式的双向箭头。或者在鼠标移动时,可以让其左右上下滚动。</p>
98 <h2>
99 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
100 <a id="antialiasing" name="antialiasing">抗锯齿</a></h2>
101 <img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-antialiasing.png" alt="appearance-antialiasing.png" />
102 <p><span class="menu">抗锯齿</span> 标签页提供了关于计算机屏幕中图形渲染的不同设置选项。</p>
104 <h3>
105 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
106 字体微调</h3>
107 <p>激活的 <span class="menu">字体微调</span> 把所有字符的横边和竖边放置在两个像素中间来排列字符。这样的结果是产生了鲜明的对比,尤其是在处理白底黑字时更加突出。而且文本显得非常整洁。同时还有一个 <span class="menu">仅等宽字体</span> 设置,该设置对于类似于上网本的低分辨率设备非常有用。当字体精调启用之后,小字体的显示效果会很不好,但是文本编辑软件和终端中的字体显示效果将会显著提高。</p>
108 <p>请看下面不同精调字体经过放大之后的截图:</p>
109 <table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
110 <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"><img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-glyph-off.png" alt="appearance-glyph-off.png" /><br />Hinting: off</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"><img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-glyph-on.png" alt="appearance-glyph-on.png" /><br />Hinting: on</td></tr>
111 </table>
112 <p>需要指出的是,本页中所有的 <span class="app">放大镜</span> 窗口当然也是通过一些选项实现自我渲染的。所以,你通过对比来获得有关设置的真实印象,例如,粗体的黄色标题或者文本 "33 x 15 @ 8 pixels/pixel"</p>
114 <h3>
115 <a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
116 抗锯齿类型</h3>
117 <p>另一个可以用于渲染的是 <i>抗锯齿技术</i> ,它支持所有的矢量字体和文本,通过改变一些像素的颜色来使线条平滑。有两种方法实现抗锯齿类型:</p>
118 <p><span class="menu">灰度</span> 改变边缘像素的灰度。<br />
119 <span class="menu">LCD 亚像素</span> 会有更好的效果,尤其是对于 (高分辨率的) LCD 显示器。因为 LCD 显示器的每个像素是由红,绿,蓝三种基本色组成,所以该方法除了调节边缘像素的灰度,它还改变了边缘像素的部分颜色。</p>
120 <p>同样的,以上两种方法处理过的字体放大后的截图如下:</p>
121 <table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
122 <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"><img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-glyph-off.png" alt="appearance-glyph-off.png" /><br />灰度,微调:关闭</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"><img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-subpixel.png" alt="appearance-subpixel.png" /><br />LCD 亚像素,微调:关闭</td></tr>
123 </table>
124 <p>基于亚像素的抗锯齿技术给其对象添加了轻微的色彩亮度,但不是所有的人都能够忍受这种渲染。在 Haiku 中,你可以混合使用这两种方法,并且可以通过调节滑动条找出适合自己的配置方案。</p>
125 <div class="box-info">基于亚像素的抗锯齿技术与字符精调技术的组合使用存在软件专利权的问题,因此是默认不可用的。但是根据所处地域的不同,您或许能够获取到可用的版本。对此深表歉意,您可以同您法律顾问商讨有关事宜。</div>
126 <p>如果你通过修改源码,再次编译之后,激活了字符精调和LCD亚像素组合渲染技术,那么下面就是它与灰度渲染的效果对比:</p>
127 <table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
128 <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"><img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-glyph-on.png" alt="appearance-glyph-on.png" /><br />灰度,微调:开启</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"><img src="../images/prefs-images/appearance-glyph-on-subpixel.png" alt="appearance-glyph-on-subpixel.png" /><br />LCD 亚像素,微调:开启</td></tr>
129 </table>
130 <p><br /></p>
131 <p>在本面板底部有两个按钮:</p>
132 <table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
133 <tr><td><span class="button">默认</span></td><td> </td><td>重置所有设置未默认值。</td></tr>
134 <tr><td><span class="button">取消</span></td><td> </td><td>取消设置,恢复到打开外观首选项前的设置状态。</td></tr>
135 </table>
137 </div>
138 </div>
140 <div class="nav">
141 <div class="inner"><span>
142 <a href="../preferences.html" class="uplink">Preferences</a> 
143 ::  <a href="backgrounds.html">背景</a>  »
144 </span></div>
145 </div>
147 </body>
148 </html>