2 * Copyright 2010-2015 Haiku, Inc. All rights reserved.
3 * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
6 * Alex Wilson, yourpalal2@gmail.com
7 * Augustin Cavalier <waddlesplash>
12 \page layout_intro Introducing the Layout API.
14 Haiku's Layout API is centered around the BLayoutItem and BLayout classes.
15 The BLayoutItem class represents thing that can be managed by a BLayout,
16 which is itself a BLayoutItem. Before we go any further, it is a good idea
17 to familiarize yourself with the different BLayout classes available in
24 You'll notice that BSplitView is not actually a BLayout, but a BView. The
25 BSplitView class uses a custom BLayout behind the scenes, but because it
26 must also be able to draw, a BView is required. Other BLayout objects have
27 BView objects that can be used for convenience.
28 \li BGroupLayout : BGroupView
29 \li BGridLayout : BGridView
30 \li BCardLayout : BTabView (also provides on-screen tabs)
32 Although it is not necessary to use these classes to make use of the
33 corresponding layouts, it does make things easier.
35 Once you have an understanding of what each BLayout does, you can start
36 designing an interface with them. Let's consider a very simple window,
37 with a single item in the center. For this, any of the layouts mentioned
38 above would work, but we'll use a BGroupLayout, because it suits this
41 The BGroupLayout constructor is:
44 BGroupLayout(orientation orientation, float spacing = B_USE_DEFAULT_SPACING)
47 Because we only have one item in this layout, \c orientation and \c spacing
48 become irrelevant. Let's choose B_VERTICAL for \c orientation, and leave
49 \c spacing at its default.
52 BGroupLayout* group = new BGroupLayout(B_VERTICAL);
53 BWindow* window = MakeWindow();
54 window->SetLayout(group);
57 Before we can add anything to our layout, we must attach it to something,
58 and here we've used the BWindow::SetLayout() method to accomplish that.
59 By doing this, \c window takes ownership of \c group, so there is no need
60 to manually <tt>delete group</tt> when we're done with it.
62 Now that we've got our BGroupLayout in place, we can start adding things
63 to it, so let's add a BStringView.
66 group->AddView(MakeStringView("Haiku rocks!"));
69 Now we've got a BWindow with a horizontal BGroupLayout holding
70 a single BView. However, if we want to ensure that our BStringView is always
71 centered in the window, we should give it an explicit BAlignment. So the
75 BLayoutItem* stringView = group->AddView(MakeStringView("Haiku rocks!"));
76 stringView->SetExplicitAlignment(BAlignment(B_ALIGN_HORIZONTAL_CENTER,
77 B_ALIGN_VERTICAL_CENTER);
80 Now our BStringView will always be right in the middle of the space
81 allotted to it, which at the moment is the whole of \c window.
83 Now let's add a BMenuBar:
86 group->AddView(0, MakeMenuBar());
87 group->SetInsets(0, 0, 0, 0);
90 Because we want our BMenuBar to appear at the very top of the window, we
91 have to insert it at index \c 0, above the BStringView we added earlier.
92 We also use BTwoDimensionalLayout::SetInsets() to make sure that our
93 BMenuBar is flush to the edges of \c window. We also want a bit of
94 space between our BMenuBar and our BStringView, but \c group's spacing has
95 already been set by the BGroupLayout constructor, so we don't need to do
98 Now that we've put our BGroupLayout to good use, we can rest easy, assured
99 that GUI will always look nice, no matter what font is used, or how big or
100 little \c window is stretched. Of course, very few interfaces are as simple
103 The layout classes can deal with complex layouts. Suppose, for
104 example, that we wanted to add a grid of BButtons under our BStringView.
105 We could use a BGridLayout for this. The BGridLayout constructor is:
108 BGridLayout(float horizontal = B_USE_DEFAULT_SPACING,
109 float vertical = B_USE_DEFAULT_SPACING);
112 Because we want a bit of breathing room between our buttons, we'll leave
113 vertical and horizontal spacing as is.
116 BGridLayout* grid = new BGridLayout();
117 group->AddItem(grid);
120 You'll notice that we've added \c grid directly to \c group. This means that
121 any BView objects we add to \c grid will become children of \c window, but
122 will be positioned by \c grid.
125 grid->AddView(MakeSmallButton(), 0, 0);
126 grid->AddView(MakeSmallButton(), 1, 0);
127 grid->AddView(MakeBigButton(), 0, 1, 2, 1);
128 grid->AddView(MakeSmallButton(), 1, 2);
131 Now we've got a nice grid of BButton objects, let's go over it quickly:
132 \li \c grid has two columns and three rows.
133 \li The cells (0, 0), (1, 0), and (1, 2) hold small buttons
134 \li The cells (0, 1) and (1, 1) hold a single button that spans both
136 \li The cell (0, 2) is empty.
138 One of the features you'll find incredibly handy in the layout API is the
139 builders in LayoutBuilder.h. Here's how our whole layout would look if it
140 were done with these builders:
143 BLayoutBuilder::Group<>(window, B_VERTICAL)
144 .SetInsets(0, 0, 0, 0)
146 .Add(MakeStringView("Haiku rocks!"))
148 .Add(MakeSmallButton(), 0, 0)
149 .Add(MakeSmallButton(), 1, 0)
150 .Add(MakeBigButton(), 0, 1, 2, 1)
151 .Add(MakeSmallButton(), 1, 2);
154 This is only one way that you could build this layout, but it is probably
155 the most succinct. Functionally, this is equivalent to all the previous
156 code in this introduction.
158 \par Special Handling for BBox
159 BBox is a "container" view that can contain other views.
160 The use of the layout manager within an
161 instance of BBox is a special case. Code such as is shown below is
162 necessary to automatically layout views within a BBox.
165 BBox *box = new BBox("box-example");
166 BGroupLayout *boxLayout = BLayoutBuilder::Group<>(B_HORIZONTAL)
170 box->AddChild(boxLayout->View());