2 \page porting Porting to different target boards and operating systems
4 %wpa_supplicant was designed to be easily portable to different
5 hardware (board, CPU) and software (OS, drivers) targets. It is
6 already used with number of operating systems and numerous wireless
7 card models and drivers. The main %wpa_supplicant repository includes
8 support for Linux, FreeBSD, and Windows. In addition, the code has been
9 ported to number of other operating systems like VxWorks, PalmOS,
10 Windows CE, and Windows Mobile. On the hardware
11 side, %wpa_supplicant is used on various systems: desktops, laptops,
12 PDAs, and embedded devices with CPUs including x86, PowerPC,
13 arm/xscale, and MIPS. Both big and little endian configurations are
17 \section ansi_c_extra Extra functions on top of ANSI C
19 %wpa_supplicant is mostly using ANSI C functions that are available on
20 most targets. However, couple of additional functions that are common
21 on modern UNIX systems are used. Number of these are listed with
22 prototypes in common.h (the \verbatim #ifdef CONFIG_ANSI_C_EXTRA \endverbatim
23 block). These functions may need to be implemented or at least defined
24 as macros to native functions in the target OS or C library.
26 Many of the common ANSI C functions are used through a wrapper
27 definitions in os.h to allow these to be replaced easily with a
28 platform specific version in case standard C libraries are not
29 available. In addition, os.h defines couple of common platform
30 specific functions that are implemented in os_unix.c for UNIX like
31 targets and in os_win32.c for Win32 API. If the target platform does
32 not support either of these examples, a new os_*.c file may need to be
35 Unless OS_NO_C_LIB_DEFINES is defined, the standard ANSI C and POSIX
36 functions are used by defining the os_*() wrappers to use them
37 directly in order to avoid extra cost in size and speed. If the target
38 platform needs different versions of the functions, os.h can be
39 modified to define the suitable macros or alternatively,
40 OS_NO_C_LIB_DEFINES may be defined for the build and the wrapper
41 functions can then be implemented in a new os_*.c wrapper file.
43 common.h defines number of helper macros for handling integers of
44 different size and byte order. Suitable version of these definitions
45 may need to be added for the target platform.
48 \section configuration_backend Configuration backend
50 %wpa_supplicant implements a configuration interface that allows the
51 backend to be easily replaced in order to read configuration data from
52 a suitable source depending on the target platform. config.c
53 implements the generic code that can be shared with all configuration
54 backends. Each backend is implemented in its own config_*.c file.
56 The included config_file.c backend uses a text file for configuration
57 and config_winreg.c uses Windows registry. These files can be used as
58 an example for a new configuration backend if the target platform uses
59 different mechanism for configuration parameters. In addition,
60 config_none.c can be used as an empty starting point for building a
61 new configuration backend.
64 \section driver_iface_porting Driver interface
66 Unless the target OS and driver is already supported, most porting
67 projects have to implement a driver wrapper. This may be done by
68 adding a new driver interface module or modifying an existing module
69 (driver_*.c) if the new target is similar to one of them. \ref
70 driver_wrapper "Driver wrapper implementation" describes the details
71 of the driver interface and discusses the tasks involved in porting
72 this part of %wpa_supplicant.
75 \section l2_packet_porting l2_packet (link layer access)
77 %wpa_supplicant needs to have access to sending and receiving layer 2
78 (link layer) packets with two Ethertypes: EAP-over-LAN (EAPOL) 0x888e
79 and RSN pre-authentication 0x88c7. l2_packet.h defines the interfaces
80 used for this in the core %wpa_supplicant implementation.
82 If the target operating system supports a generic mechanism for link
83 layer access, that is likely the best mechanism for providing the
84 needed functionality for %wpa_supplicant. Linux packet socket is an
85 example of such a generic mechanism. If this is not available, a
86 separate interface may need to be implemented to the network stack or
87 driver. This is usually an intermediate or protocol driver that is
88 operating between the device driver and the OS network stack. If such
89 a mechanism is not feasible, the interface can also be implemented
90 directly in the device driver.
92 The main %wpa_supplicant repository includes l2_packet implementations
93 for Linux using packet sockets (l2_packet_linux.c), more portable
94 version using libpcap/libdnet libraries (l2_packet_pcap.c; this
95 supports WinPcap, too), and FreeBSD specific version of libpcap
96 interface (l2_packet_freebsd.c).
98 If the target operating system is supported by libpcap (receiving) and
99 libdnet (sending), l2_packet_pcap.c can likely be used with minimal or
100 no changes. If this is not a case or a proprietary interface for link
101 layer is required, a new l2_packet module may need to be
102 added. Alternatively, struct wpa_driver_ops::send_eapol() handler can
103 be used to override the l2_packet library if the link layer access is
104 integrated with the driver interface implementation.
107 \section eloop_porting Event loop
109 %wpa_supplicant uses a single process/thread model and an event loop
110 to provide callbacks on events (registered timeout, received packet,
111 signal). eloop.h defines the event loop interface. eloop.c is an
112 implementation of such an event loop using select() and sockets. This
113 is suitable for most UNIX/POSIX systems. When porting to other
114 operating systems, it may be necessary to replace that implementation
115 with OS specific mechanisms that provide similar functionality.
118 \section ctrl_iface_porting Control interface
120 %wpa_supplicant uses a \ref ctrl_iface_page "control interface"
121 to allow external processed
122 to get status information and to control the operations. Currently,
123 this is implemented with socket based communication; both UNIX domain
124 sockets and UDP sockets are supported. If the target OS does not
125 support sockets, this interface will likely need to be modified to use
126 another mechanism like message queues. The control interface is
127 optional component, so it is also possible to run %wpa_supplicant
128 without porting this part.
130 The %wpa_supplicant side of the control interface is implemented in
131 ctrl_iface.c. Matching client side is implemented as a control
132 interface library in wpa_ctrl.c.
135 \section entry_point Program entry point
137 %wpa_supplicant defines a set of functions that can be used to
138 initialize main supplicant processing. Each operating system has a
139 mechanism for starting new processing or threads. This is usually a
140 function with a specific set of arguments and calling convention. This
141 function is responsible on initializing %wpa_supplicant.
143 main.c includes an entry point for UNIX-like operating system, i.e.,
144 main() function that uses command line arguments for setting
145 parameters for %wpa_supplicant. When porting to other operating
146 systems, similar OS-specific entry point implementation is needed. It
147 can be implemented in a new file that is then linked with
148 %wpa_supplicant instead of main.o. main.c is also a good example on
149 how the initialization process should be done.
151 The supplicant initialization functions are defined in
152 wpa_supplicant_i.h. In most cases, the entry point function should
153 start by fetching configuration parameters. After this, a global
154 %wpa_supplicant context is initialized with a call to
155 wpa_supplicant_init(). After this, existing network interfaces can be
156 added with wpa_supplicant_add_iface(). wpa_supplicant_run() is then
157 used to start the main event loop. Once this returns at program
158 termination time, wpa_supplicant_deinit() is used to release global
161 wpa_supplicant_add_iface() and wpa_supplicant_remove_iface() can be
162 used dynamically to add and remove interfaces based on when
163 %wpa_supplicant processing is needed for them. This can be done, e.g.,
164 when hotplug network adapters are being inserted and ejected. It is
165 also possible to do this when a network interface is being
166 enabled/disabled if it is desirable that %wpa_supplicant processing
167 for the interface is fully enabled/disabled at the same time.
170 \section simple_build Simple build example
172 One way to start a porting project is to begin with a very simple
173 build of %wpa_supplicant with WPA-PSK support and once that is
174 building correctly, start adding features.
176 Following command can be used to build very simple version of
180 cc -o wpa_supplicant config.c eloop.c common.c md5.c rc4.c sha1.c \
181 config_none.c l2_packet_none.c tls_none.c wpa.c preauth.c \
182 aes_wrap.c wpa_supplicant.c events.c main_none.c drivers.c
185 The end result is not really very useful since it uses empty functions
186 for configuration parsing and layer 2 packet access and does not
187 include a driver interface. However, this is a good starting point
188 since the build is complete in the sense that all functions are
189 present and this is easy to configure to a build system by just
190 including the listed C files.
192 Once this version can be build successfully, the end result can be
193 made functional by adding a proper program entry point (main*.c),
194 driver interface (driver_*.c and matching CONFIG_DRIVER_* define for
195 registration in drivers.c), configuration parser/writer (config_*.c),
196 and layer 2 packet access implementation (l2_packet_*.c). After these
197 components have been added, the end result should be a working
198 WPA/WPA2-PSK enabled supplicant.
200 After the basic functionality has been verified to work, more features
201 can be added by linking in more files and defining C pre-processor
202 defines. Currently, the best source of information for what options
203 are available and which files needs to be included is in the Makefile
204 used for building the supplicant with make. Similar configuration will
205 be needed for build systems that either use different type of make
206 tool or a GUI-based project configuration.