wpa_supplicant/doc/docbook/wpa_supplicant.sgml

   1 <!doctype refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN">
   2
   3 <refentry>
   4   <refmeta>
   5     <refentrytitle>wpa_supplicant</refentrytitle>
   6     <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
   7   </refmeta>
   8   <refnamediv>
   9     <refname>wpa_supplicant</refname>
  10     <refpurpose>Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant</refpurpose>
  11   </refnamediv>
  12   <refsynopsisdiv>
  13     <cmdsynopsis>
  14       <command>wpa_supplicant</command>
  15       <arg>-BddfhKLqqtuvW</arg>
  16       <arg>-i<replaceable>ifname</replaceable></arg>
  17       <arg>-c<replaceable>config file</replaceable></arg>
  18       <arg>-D<replaceable>driver</replaceable></arg>
  19       <arg>-P<replaceable>PID_file</replaceable></arg>
  20       <arg>-f<replaceable>output file</replaceable></arg>
  21     </cmdsynopsis>
  22   </refsynopsisdiv>
  23   <refsect1>
  24     <title>Overview</title>
  25
  26     <para>
  27     Wireless networks do not require physical access to the network equipment
  28     in the same way as wired networks. This makes it easier for unauthorized
  29     users to passively monitor a network and capture all transmitted frames.
  30     In addition, unauthorized use of the network is much easier. In many cases,
  31     this can happen even without user's explicit knowledge since the wireless
  32     LAN adapter may have been configured to automatically join any available
  33     network.
  34     </para>
  35
  36     <para>
  37     Link-layer encryption can be used to provide a layer of security for
  38     wireless networks. The original wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802.11,
  39     included a simple encryption mechanism, WEP. However, that proved to
  40     be flawed in many areas and network protected with WEP cannot be consider
  41     secure. IEEE 802.1X authentication and frequently changed dynamic WEP keys
  42     can be used to improve the network security, but even that has inherited
  43     security issues due to the use of WEP for encryption. Wi-Fi Protected
  44     Access and IEEE 802.11i amendment to the wireless LAN standard introduce
  45     a much improvement mechanism for securing wireless networks. IEEE 802.11i
  46     enabled networks that are using CCMP (encryption mechanism based on strong
  47     cryptographic algorithm AES) can finally be called secure used for
  48     applications which require efficient protection against unauthorized
  49     access.
  50     </para>
  51
  52     <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> is an implementation of
  53     the WPA Supplicant component, i.e., the part that runs in the
  54     client stations. It implements WPA key negotiation with a WPA
  55     Authenticator and EAP authentication with Authentication
  56     Server. In addition, it controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11
  57     authentication/association of the wireless LAN driver.</para>
  58
  59     <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> is designed to be a
  60     "daemon" program that runs in the background and acts as the
  61     backend component controlling the wireless
  62     connection. <command>wpa_supplicant</command> supports separate
  63     frontend programs and an example text-based frontend,
  64     <command>wpa_cli</command>, is included with
  65     wpa_supplicant.</para>
  66
  67     <para>Before wpa_supplicant can do its work, the network interface
  68     must be available.  That means that the physical device must be
  69     present and enabled, and the driver for the device must be
  70     loaded. The daemon will exit immediately if the device is not already
  71     available.</para>
  72
  73     <para>After <command>wpa_supplicant</command> has configured the
  74     network device, higher level configuration such as DHCP may
  75     proceed.  There are a variety of ways to integrate wpa_supplicant
  76     into a machine's networking scripts, a few of which are described
  77     in sections below.</para>
  78
  79     <para>The following steps are used when associating with an AP
  80     using WPA:</para>
  81
  82     <itemizedlist>
  83       <listitem>
  84         <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> requests the kernel
  85         driver to scan neighboring BSSes</para>
  86       </listitem>
  87
  88       <listitem>
  89         <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> selects a BSS based on
  90         its configuration</para>
  91       </listitem>
  92
  93       <listitem>
  94         <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> requests the kernel
  95         driver to associate with the chosen BSS</para>
  96       </listitem>
  97
  98       <listitem>
  99         <para>If WPA-EAP: integrated IEEE 802.1X Supplicant
 100         completes EAP authentication with the
 101         authentication server (proxied by the Authenticator in the
 102         AP)</para>
 103       </listitem>
 104
 105       <listitem>
 106         <para>If WPA-EAP: master key is received from the IEEE 802.1X
 107         Supplicant</para>
 108       </listitem>
 109
 110       <listitem>
 111         <para>If WPA-PSK: <command>wpa_supplicant</command> uses PSK
 112         as the master session key</para>
 113       </listitem>
 114
 115       <listitem>
 116         <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> completes WPA 4-Way
 117         Handshake and Group Key Handshake with the Authenticator
 118         (AP)</para>
 119       </listitem>
 120
 121       <listitem>
 122         <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> configures encryption
 123         keys for unicast and broadcast</para>
 124       </listitem>
 125
 126       <listitem>
 127         <para>normal data packets can be transmitted and received</para>
 128       </listitem>
 129     </itemizedlist>
 130   </refsect1>
 131
 132   <refsect1>
 133     <title>Supported Features</title>
 134     <para>Supported WPA/IEEE 802.11i features:</para>
 135     <itemizedlist>
 136       <listitem>
 137         <para>WPA-PSK ("WPA-Personal")</para>
 138       </listitem>
 139
 140       <listitem>
 141         <para>WPA with EAP (e.g., with RADIUS authentication server)
 142        ("WPA-Enterprise") Following authentication methods are
 143        supported with an integrate IEEE 802.1X Supplicant:</para>
 144
 145         <itemizedlist>
 146           <listitem>
 147             <para>EAP-TLS</para>
 148           </listitem>
 149         </itemizedlist>
 150
 151         <itemizedlist>
 152           <listitem>
 153             <para>EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
 154           </listitem>
 155
 156
 157           <listitem>
 158             <para>EAP-PEAP/TLS (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
 159           </listitem>
 160
 161           <listitem>
 162             <para>EAP-PEAP/GTC (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
 163           </listitem>
 164
 165           <listitem>
 166             <para>EAP-PEAP/OTP (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
 167           </listitem>
 168
 169           <listitem>
 170             <para>EAP-PEAP/MD5-Challenge (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
 171           </listitem>
 172
 173           <listitem>
 174             <para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge</para>
 175           </listitem>
 176
 177           <listitem>
 178             <para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-GTC</para>
 179           </listitem>
 180
 181           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-OTP</para></listitem>
 182
 183           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-MSCHAPv2</para></listitem>
 184
 185           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-TLS</para></listitem>
 186
 187           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2</para></listitem>
 188
 189           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/MSCHAP</para></listitem>
 190
 191           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/PAP</para></listitem>
 192
 193           <listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/CHAP</para></listitem>
 194
 195           <listitem><para>EAP-SIM</para></listitem>
 196
 197           <listitem><para>EAP-AKA</para></listitem>
 198
 199           <listitem><para>EAP-PSK</para></listitem>
 200
 201           <listitem><para>EAP-PAX</para></listitem>
 202
 203           <listitem><para>LEAP (note: requires special support from
 204           the driver for IEEE 802.11 authentication)</para></listitem>
 205
 206           <listitem><para>(following methods are supported, but since
 207           they do not generate keying material, they cannot be used
 208           with WPA or IEEE 802.1X WEP keying)</para></listitem>
 209
 210           <listitem><para>EAP-MD5-Challenge </para></listitem>
 211
 212           <listitem><para>EAP-MSCHAPv2</para></listitem>
 213
 214           <listitem><para>EAP-GTC</para></listitem>
 215
 216           <listitem><para>EAP-OTP</para></listitem>
 217         </itemizedlist>
 218       </listitem>
 219
 220       <listitem>
 221         <para>key management for CCMP, TKIP, WEP104, WEP40</para>
 222       </listitem>
 223
 224       <listitem>
 225         <para>RSN/WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)</para>
 226         <itemizedlist>
 227           <listitem>
 228             <para>pre-authentication</para>
 229           </listitem>
 230
 231           <listitem>
 232             <para>PMKSA caching</para>
 233           </listitem>
 234         </itemizedlist>
 235       </listitem>
 236     </itemizedlist>
 237   </refsect1>
 238
 239   <refsect1>
 240     <title>Available Drivers</title>
 241     <para>A summary of available driver backends is below. Support for each
 242     of the driver backends is chosen at wpa_supplicant compile time. For a
 243     list of supported driver backends that may be used with the -D option on
 244     your system, refer to the help output of wpa_supplicant
 245     (<emphasis>wpa_supplicant -h</emphasis>).</para>
 246
 247     <variablelist>
 248       <varlistentry>
 249         <term>hostap</term>
 250         <listitem>
 251           <para>(default) Host AP driver (Intersil Prism2/2.5/3).
 252           (this can also be used with Linuxant DriverLoader).</para>
 253         </listitem>
 254       </varlistentry>
 255
 256       <varlistentry>
 257         <term>hermes</term>
 258         <listitem>
 259           <para>Agere Systems Inc. driver (Hermes-I/Hermes-II).</para>
 260         </listitem>
 261       </varlistentry>
 262
 263       <varlistentry>
 264         <term>madwifi</term>
 265         <listitem>
 266           <para>MADWIFI 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).</para>
 267         </listitem>
 268       </varlistentry>
 269
 270       <varlistentry>
 271         <term>atmel</term>
 272         <listitem>
 273           <para>ATMEL AT76C5XXx (USB, PCMCIA).</para>
 274         </listitem>
 275       </varlistentry>
 276
 277       <varlistentry>
 278         <term>wext</term>
 279         <listitem>
 280           <para>Linux wireless extensions (generic).</para>
 281         </listitem>
 282       </varlistentry>
 283
 284       <varlistentry>
 285         <term>ndiswrapper</term>
 286         <listitem>
 287           <para>Linux ndiswrapper.</para>
 288         </listitem>
 289       </varlistentry>
 290
 291       <varlistentry>
 292         <term>broadcom</term>
 293         <listitem>
 294           <para>Broadcom wl.o driver.</para>
 295         </listitem>
 296       </varlistentry>
 297
 298       <varlistentry>
 299         <term>ipw</term>
 300         <listitem>
 301           <para>Intel ipw2100/2200 driver.</para>
 302         </listitem>
 303       </varlistentry>
 304
 305       <varlistentry>
 306         <term>wired</term>
 307         <listitem>
 308           <para>wpa_supplicant wired Ethernet driver</para>
 309         </listitem>
 310       </varlistentry>
 311
 312       <varlistentry>
 313         <term>roboswitch</term>
 314         <listitem>
 315           <para>wpa_supplicant Broadcom switch driver</para>
 316         </listitem>
 317       </varlistentry>
 318
 319       <varlistentry>
 320         <term>bsd</term>
 321         <listitem>
 322           <para>BSD 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).</para>
 323         </listitem>
 324       </varlistentry>
 325
 326       <varlistentry>
 327         <term>ndis</term>
 328         <listitem>
 329           <para>Windows NDIS driver.</para>
 330         </listitem>
 331       </varlistentry>
 332     </variablelist>
 333   </refsect1>
 334
 335   <refsect1>
 336     <title>Command Line Options</title>
 337     <para>Most command line options have global scope. Some are given per
 338     interface, and are only valid if at least one <option>-i</option> option
 339     is specified, otherwise they're ignored. Option groups for different
 340     interfaces must be separated by <option>-N</option> option.</para>
 341     <variablelist>
 342       <varlistentry>
 343         <term>-b br_ifname</term>
 344         <listitem>
 345           <para>Optional bridge interface name. (Per interface)</para>
 346         </listitem>
 347       </varlistentry>
 348
 349       <varlistentry>
 350         <term>-B</term>
 351         <listitem>
 352           <para>Run daemon in the background.</para>
 353         </listitem>
 354       </varlistentry>
 355
 356       <varlistentry>
 357         <term>-c filename</term>
 358         <listitem>
 359           <para>Path to configuration file. (Per interface)</para>
 360         </listitem>
 361       </varlistentry>
 362
 363       <varlistentry>
 364         <term>-C ctrl_interface</term>
 365         <listitem>
 366           <para>Path to ctrl_interface socket (Per interface. Only used if
 367                   <option>-c</option> is not).</para>
 368         </listitem>
 369       </varlistentry>
 370
 371       <varlistentry>
 372         <term>-i ifname</term>
 373         <listitem>
 374           <para>Interface to listen on. Multiple instances of this option can
 375           be present, one per interface, separated by <option>-N</option>
 376           option (see below).</para>
 377         </listitem>
 378       </varlistentry>
 379
 380       <varlistentry>
 381         <term>-d</term>
 382         <listitem>
 383           <para>Increase debugging verbosity (<option>-dd</option> even
 384                   more).</para>
 385         </listitem>
 386       </varlistentry>
 387
 388       <varlistentry>
 389         <term>-D driver</term>
 390         <listitem>
 391           <para>Driver to use (can be multiple drivers: nl80211,wext).
 392                   (Per interface, see the available options below.)</para>
 393         </listitem>
 394       </varlistentry>
 395
 396       <varlistentry>
 397         <term>-f output file</term>
 398         <listitem>
 399           <para>Log output to specified file instead of stdout.</para>
 400         </listitem>
 401       </varlistentry>
 402
 403       <varlistentry>
 404         <term>-g global ctrl_interface</term>
 405         <listitem>
 406           <para>Path to global ctrl_interface socket. If specified, interface
 407           definitions may be omitted.</para>
 408         </listitem>
 409       </varlistentry>
 410
 411       <varlistentry>
 412         <term>-K</term>
 413         <listitem>
 414           <para>Include keys (passwords, etc.) in debug output.</para>
 415         </listitem>
 416       </varlistentry>
 417
 418       <varlistentry>
 419         <term>-t</term>
 420         <listitem>
 421           <para>Include timestamp in debug messages.</para>
 422         </listitem>
 423       </varlistentry>
 424
 425       <varlistentry>
 426         <term>-h</term>
 427         <listitem>
 428           <para>Help.  Show a usage message.</para>
 429         </listitem>
 430       </varlistentry>
 431
 432       <varlistentry>
 433         <term>-L</term>
 434         <listitem>
 435           <para>Show license (GPL and BSD).</para>
 436         </listitem>
 437       </varlistentry>
 438
 439       <varlistentry>
 440         <term>-p</term>
 441         <listitem>
 442           <para>Driver parameters. (Per interface)</para>
 443         </listitem>
 444       </varlistentry>
 445
 446       <varlistentry>
 447         <term>-P PID_file</term>
 448         <listitem>
 449           <para>Path to PID file.</para>
 450         </listitem>
 451       </varlistentry>
 452
 453       <varlistentry>
 454         <term>-q</term>
 455         <listitem>
 456           <para>Decrease debugging verbosity (<option>-qq</option> even
 457                   less).</para>
 458         </listitem>
 459       </varlistentry>
 460
 461       <varlistentry>
 462         <term>-u</term>
 463         <listitem>
 464           <para>Enabled DBus control interface. If enabled, interface
 465           definitions may be omitted.</para>
 466         </listitem>
 467       </varlistentry>
 468
 469       <varlistentry>
 470         <term>-v</term>
 471         <listitem>
 472           <para>Show version.</para>
 473         </listitem>
 474       </varlistentry>
 475
 476       <varlistentry>
 477         <term>-W</term>
 478         <listitem>
 479           <para>Wait for a control interface monitor before starting.</para>
 480         </listitem>
 481       </varlistentry>
 482
 483       <varlistentry>
 484         <term>-N</term>
 485         <listitem>
 486           <para>Start describing new interface.</para>
 487         </listitem>
 488       </varlistentry>
 489     </variablelist>
 490   </refsect1>
 491
 492   <refsect1>
 493     <title>Examples</title>
 494
 495     <para>In most common cases, <command>wpa_supplicant</command> is
 496     started with:</para>
 497
 498 <blockquote><programlisting>
 499 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0
 500 </programlisting></blockquote>
 501
 502     <para>This makes the process fork into background.</para>
 503
 504     <para>The easiest way to debug problems, and to get debug log for
 505     bug reports, is to start <command>wpa_supplicant</command> on
 506     foreground with debugging enabled:</para>
 507
 508 <blockquote><programlisting>
 509 wpa_supplicant -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -d
 510 </programlisting></blockquote>
 511
 512     <para>If the specific driver wrapper is not known beforehand, it is
 513     possible to specify multiple comma separated driver wrappers on the command
 514     line. <command>wpa_supplicant</command> will use the first driver
 515     wrapper that is able to initialize the interface.</para>
 516
 517 <blockquote><programlisting>
 518 wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211,wext -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0
 519 </programlisting></blockquote>
 520
 521     <para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> can control multiple
 522     interfaces (radios) either by running one process for each
 523     interface separately or by running just one process and list of
 524     options at command line. Each interface is separated with -N
 525     argument. As an example, following command would start
 526     wpa_supplicant for two interfaces:</para>
 527
 528 <blockquote><programlisting>
 529 wpa_supplicant \
 530         -c wpa1.conf -i wlan0 -D hostap -N \
 531         -c wpa2.conf -i ath0 -D madwifi
 532 </programlisting></blockquote>
 533   </refsect1>
 534
 535   <refsect1>
 536     <title>OS Requirements</title>
 537     <para>Current hardware/software requirements:</para>
 538
 539     <itemizedlist>
 540       <listitem>
 541         <para>Linux kernel 2.4.x or 2.6.x with Linux Wireless
 542         Extensions v15 or newer</para>
 543       </listitem>
 544
 545
 546       <listitem>
 547         <para>FreeBSD 6-CURRENT</para>
 548       </listitem>
 549
 550       <listitem>
 551         <para>Microsoft Windows with WinPcap (at least WinXP, may work
 552         with other versions)</para>
 553       </listitem>
 554     </itemizedlist>
 555   </refsect1>
 556
 557   <refsect1>
 558     <title>Supported Drivers</title>
 559     <variablelist>
 560       <varlistentry>
 561         <term>Host AP driver for Prism2/2.5/3 (development
 562         snapshot/v0.2.x)</term>
 563         <listitem>
 564           <para> (http://hostap.epitest.fi/) Driver needs to be set in
 565           Managed mode (<emphasis>iwconfig wlan0 mode managed</emphasis>).
 566           Please note that station firmware version needs to be 1.7.0 or
 567           newer to work in WPA mode.</para>
 568         </listitem>
 569       </varlistentry>
 570
 571       <varlistentry>
 572         <term>Linuxant DriverLoader</term>
 573         <listitem>
 574           <para>(http://www.linuxant.com/driverloader/)
 575         with Windows NDIS driver for your wlan card supporting WPA.</para>
 576         </listitem>
 577       </varlistentry>
 578
 579       <varlistentry>
 580         <term>Agere Systems Inc. Linux Driver</term>
 581         <listitem>
 582           <para> (http://www.agere.com/support/drivers/) Please note
 583         that the driver interface file (driver_hermes.c) and hardware
 584         specific include files are not included in the wpa_supplicant
 585         distribution. You will need to copy these from the source
 586         package of the Agere driver.</para>
 587         </listitem>
 588       </varlistentry>
 589
 590       <varlistentry>
 591         <term>madwifi driver for cards based on Atheros chip set (ar521x)</term>
 592         <listitem>
 593           <para> (http://sourceforge.net/projects/madwifi/) Please
 594         note that you will need to modify the wpa_supplicant .config
 595         file to use the correct path for the madwifi driver root
 596         directory (CFLAGS += -I../madwifi/wpa line in example
 597         defconfig).</para>
 598         </listitem>
 599       </varlistentry>
 600
 601       <varlistentry>
 602         <term>ATMEL AT76C5XXx driver for USB and PCMCIA cards</term>
 603         <listitem>
 604           <para> (http://atmelwlandriver.sourceforge.net/).</para>
 605         </listitem>
 606       </varlistentry>
 607
 608       <varlistentry>
 609         <term>Linux ndiswrapper</term>
 610         <listitem>
 611           <para> (http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/) with Windows
 612         NDIS driver.</para>
 613         </listitem>
 614       </varlistentry>
 615
 616       <varlistentry>
 617         <term>Broadcom wl.o driver</term>
 618         <listitem>
 619           <para> This is a generic Linux driver for Broadcom IEEE
 620         802.11a/g cards.  However, it is proprietary driver that is
 621         not publicly available except for couple of exceptions, mainly
 622         Broadcom-based APs/wireless routers that use Linux. The driver
 623         binary can be downloaded, e.g., from Linksys support site
 624         (http://www.linksys.com/support/gpl.asp) for Linksys
 625         WRT54G. The GPL tarball includes cross-compiler and the needed
 626         header file, wlioctl.h, for compiling wpa_supplicant.  This
 627         driver support in wpa_supplicant is expected to work also with
 628         other devices based on Broadcom driver (assuming the driver
 629         includes client mode support).</para>
 630         </listitem>
 631       </varlistentry>
 632
 633       <varlistentry>
 634         <term> Intel ipw2100 driver</term>
 635         <listitem>
 636           <para> (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ipw2100/)</para>
 637         </listitem>
 638       </varlistentry>
 639
 640       <varlistentry>
 641         <term>Intel ipw2200 driver</term>
 642         <listitem>
 643           <para> (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ipw2200/)</para>
 644         </listitem>
 645       </varlistentry>
 646
 647       <varlistentry>
 648         <term>Linux wireless extensions</term>
 649         <listitem>
 650           <para>In theory, any driver that supports Linux wireless
 651         extensions can be used with IEEE 802.1X (i.e., not WPA) when
 652         using ap_scan=0 option in configuration file.</para>
 653         </listitem>
 654       </varlistentry>
 655
 656       <varlistentry>
 657         <term>Wired Ethernet drivers</term>
 658         <listitem>
 659           <para>Use ap_scan=0.</para>
 660         </listitem>
 661       </varlistentry>
 662
 663       <varlistentry>
 664         <term>BSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver)</term>
 665         <listitem>
 666           <para>At the moment, this is for FreeBSD 6-CURRENT branch.</para>
 667         </listitem>
 668       </varlistentry>
 669
 670       <varlistentry>
 671         <term>Windows NDIS</term>
 672         <listitem>
 673           <para>The current Windows port requires WinPcap
 674         (http://winpcap.polito.it/).  See README-Windows.txt for more
 675         information.</para>
 676         </listitem>
 677       </varlistentry>
 678     </variablelist>
 679
 680
 681     <para>wpa_supplicant was designed to be portable for different
 682     drivers and operating systems. Hopefully, support for more wlan
 683     cards and OSes will be added in the future. See developer.txt for
 684     more information about the design of wpa_supplicant and porting to
 685     other drivers. One main goal is to add full WPA/WPA2 support to
 686     Linux wireless extensions to allow new drivers to be supported
 687     without having to implement new driver-specific interface code in
 688     wpa_supplicant.</para>
 689   </refsect1>
 690
 691   <refsect1>
 692     <title>Architecture</title> <para>The
 693     <command>wpa_supplicant</command> system consists of the following
 694     components:</para>
 695
 696     <variablelist>
 697       <varlistentry>
 698         <term><filename>wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> </term>
 699         <listitem>
 700         <para>the configuration file describing all networks that the
 701         user wants the computer to connect to.  </para>
 702         </listitem>
 703       </varlistentry>
 704       <varlistentry>
 705         <term><command>wpa_supplicant</command></term>
 706         <listitem><para>the program that directly interacts with the
 707         network interface.  </para></listitem>
 708       </varlistentry>
 709       <varlistentry>
 710         <term><command>wpa_cli</command></term> <listitem><para> the
 711         client program that provides a high-level interface to the
 712         functionality of the daemon.  </para></listitem>
 713       </varlistentry>
 714       <varlistentry>
 715         <term><command>wpa_passphrase</command></term>
 716         <listitem><para>a utility needed to construct
 717         <filename>wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> files that include
 718         encrypted passwords.</para></listitem>
 719       </varlistentry>
 720     </variablelist>
 721   </refsect1>
 722
 723   <refsect1>
 724     <title>Quick Start</title>
 725
 726     <para>First, make a configuration file, e.g.
 727     <filename>/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</filename>, that describes the networks
 728     you are interested in.  See <citerefentry>
 729         <refentrytitle>wpa_supplicant.conf</refentrytitle>
 730         <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
 731       </citerefentry>
 732     for details.</para>
 733
 734     <para>Once the configuration is ready, you can test whether the
 735     configuration works by running <command>wpa_supplicant</command>
 736     with following command to start it on foreground with debugging
 737     enabled:</para>
 738
 739     <blockquote><programlisting>
 740 wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -d
 741     </programlisting></blockquote>
 742
 743     <para>Assuming everything goes fine, you can start using following
 744     command to start <command>wpa_supplicant</command> on background
 745     without debugging:</para>
 746
 747     <blockquote><programlisting>
 748 wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B
 749     </programlisting></blockquote>
 750
 751     <para>Please note that if you included more than one driver
 752     interface in the build time configuration (.config), you may need
 753     to specify which interface to use by including -D&lt;driver
 754     name&gt; option on the command line.</para>
 755
 756     <!-- XXX at this point, the page could include a little script
 757          based on wpa_cli to wait for a connection and then run
 758          dhclient -->
 759
 760   </refsect1>
 761
 762   <refsect1>
 763     <title>Interface to pcmcia-cs/cardmrg</title>
 764
 765     <para>For example, following small changes to pcmcia-cs scripts
 766     can be used to enable WPA support:</para>
 767
 768     <para>Add MODE="Managed" and WPA="y" to the network scheme in
 769     <filename>/etc/pcmcia/wireless.opts</filename>.</para>
 770
 771     <para>Add the following block to the end of <emphasis>start</emphasis>
 772     action handler in <filename>/etc/pcmcia/wireless</filename>:</para>
 773
 774     <blockquote><programlisting>
 775 if [ "$WPA" = "y" -a -x /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
 776     /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -i$DEVICE
 777 fi
 778     </programlisting></blockquote>
 779
 780
 781     <para>Add the following block to the end of <emphasis>stop</emphasis>
 782     action handler (may need to be separated from other actions) in
 783     <filename>/etc/pcmcia/wireless</filename>:</para>
 784
 785     <blockquote><programlisting>
 786 if [ "$WPA" = "y" -a -x /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
 787     killall wpa_supplicant
 788 fi
 789     </programlisting></blockquote>
 790
 791     <para>This will make <command>cardmgr</command> start
 792     <command>wpa_supplicant</command> when the card is plugged
 793     in.</para>
 794   </refsect1>
 795
 796   <refsect1>
 797     <title>See Also</title>
 798     <para>
 799       <citerefentry>
 800         <refentrytitle>wpa_background</refentrytitle>
 801         <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
 802       </citerefentry>
 803       <citerefentry>
 804         <refentrytitle>wpa_supplicant.conf</refentrytitle>
 805         <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
 806       </citerefentry>
 807       <citerefentry>
 808         <refentrytitle>wpa_cli</refentrytitle>
 809         <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
 810       </citerefentry>
 811       <citerefentry>
 812         <refentrytitle>wpa_passphrase</refentrytitle>
 813         <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
 814       </citerefentry>
 815     </para>
 816   </refsect1>
 817   <refsect1>
 818     <title>Legal</title>
 819     <para>wpa_supplicant is copyright (c) 2003-2007,
 820     Jouni Malinen <email>j@w1.fi</email> and
 821     contributors.
 822     All Rights Reserved.</para>
 823
 824     <para>This program is dual-licensed under both the GPL version 2
 825     and BSD license. Either license may be used at your option.</para>
 826   </refsect1>
 827 </refentry>