utfutil.d

   1 /* Invisible Vector Library
   2  * coded by Ketmar // Invisible Vector <ketmar@ketmar.no-ip.org>
   3  * Understanding is not required. Only obedience.
   4  *
   5  * This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
   6  * warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
   7  * arising from the use of this software.
   8  * Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
   9  * including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  10  * freely, subject to the following restrictions:
  11  * 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
  12  *    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
  13  *    in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
  14  *    appreciated but is not required.
  15  * 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
  16  *    misrepresented as being the original software.
  17  * 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
  18  *
  19  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  20  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  21  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22  */
  23 // UTF-8 utilities (there will be more soon ;-)
  24 module iv.utfutil /*is aliced*/;
  25 import iv.alice;
  26
  27
  28 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
  29 bool isValidUtf8Start (ubyte b) pure nothrow @safe @nogc { pragma(inline, true); return (b < 128 || (b&0xc0) == 0xC0); } /// rough check
  30
  31 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
  32 bool isUtf8Start() (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc { pragma(inline, true); return ((ch&0xC0) == 0xC0); } /// does this char start UTF-8 sequence?
  33 bool isUtf8Cont() (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc { pragma(inline, true); return ((ch&0xC0) == 0x80); } /// does this char continue UTF-8 sequence?
  34
  35
  36 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
  37 /// fast state-machine based UTF-8 decoder; using 8 bytes of memory
  38 /// code points from invalid range will never be valid, this is the property of the state machine
  39 align(1) struct Utf8DecoderFast {
  40 align(1):
  41 public:
  42   enum dchar replacement = '\uFFFD'; /// replacement char for invalid unicode
  43   static bool isValidDC (dchar c) pure nothrow @safe @nogc { pragma(inline, true); return (c < 0xD800 || (c > 0xDFFF && c <= 0x10FFFF)); } /// is given codepoint valid?
  44
  45 private:
  46   enum State {
  47     Accept = 0,
  48     Reject = 12,
  49   }
  50
  51   // see http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
  52   static immutable ubyte[0x16c] utf8dfa = [
  53     // maps bytes to character classes
  54     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 00-0f
  55     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 10-1f
  56     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 20-2f
  57     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 30-3f
  58     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 40-4f
  59     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 50-5f
  60     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 60-6f
  61     0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 70-7f
  62     0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, // 80-8f
  63     0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09, // 90-9f
  64     0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07, // a0-af
  65     0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07, // b0-bf
  66     0x08,0x08,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02, // c0-cf
  67     0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02, // d0-df
  68     0x0a,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x04,0x03,0x03, // e0-ef
  69     0x0b,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x05,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08, // f0-ff
  70     // maps a combination of a state of the automaton and a character class to a state
  71     0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x24,0x3c,0x60,0x54,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x30,0x48,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c, // 100-10f
  72     0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x00,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x00, // 110-11f
  73     0x0c,0x00,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x0c,0x18,0x0c,0x0c, // 120-12f
  74     0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x0c,0x0c, // 130-13f
  75     0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x24, // 140-14f
  76     0x0c,0x24,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x24,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x24,0x0c,0x24,0x0c,0x0c, // 150-15f
  77     0x0c,0x24,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c];
  78
  79 private:
  80   uint state = 0;
  81
  82 nothrow @safe @nogc:
  83 public:
  84   dchar codepoint = 0; /// decoded codepoint (valid only when decoder is in "complete" state)
  85
  86   @property bool complete () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return (state == State.Accept); } /// is current character complete? take `codepoint` then
  87   @property bool invalid () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return (state == State.Reject); } /// did we hit invalid UTF-8 byte sequence?
  88   @property bool completeOrInvalid () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return (state == State.Accept || state == State.Reject); } /// did we hit end of valid or invalid UTF-8 byte sequence?
  89   void reset () pure { pragma(inline, true); state = State.Accept; codepoint = 0; } ///
  90   /// process one byte, return `true` if codepoint is ready
  91   bool decode (ubyte b) @trusted {
  92     if (state == State.Reject) { state = 0; codepoint = 0; }
  93     immutable uint type = utf8dfa.ptr[b];
  94     codepoint = (state != State.Accept ? (b&0x3fu)|(codepoint<<6) : (0xff>>type)&b);
  95     state = utf8dfa.ptr[256+state+type];
  96     return (state == State.Accept);
  97   }
  98   /// same as `decode`, but caller is guaranteed that decoder will never get invalid utf-8 sequence
  99   bool decodeValid (ubyte b) @trusted {
 100     immutable uint type = utf8dfa.ptr[b];
 101     codepoint = (state != State.Accept ? (b&0x3fu)|(codepoint<<6) : (0xff>>type)&b);
 102     state = utf8dfa.ptr[256+state+type];
 103     return (state == State.Accept);
 104   }
 105   /// same as `decode`, never reaches `invalid` state, returns `replacement` for invalid chars
 106   bool decodeSafe (ubyte b) @trusted {
 107     immutable uint type = utf8dfa.ptr[b];
 108     codepoint = (state != State.Accept ? (b&0x3f)|(codepoint<<6) : (0xff>>type)&b);
 109     if ((state = utf8dfa.ptr[256+state+type]) == State.Reject) { state = State.Accept; codepoint = replacement; }
 110     return (state == State.Accept);
 111   }
 112 }
 113
 114
 115 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 116 /// slightly slower state-machine based UTF-8 decoder; using 4 bytes of memory (uint)
 117 /// code points from invalid range will never be valid, this is the property of the state machine
 118 align(1) struct Utf8Decoder {
 119 align(1):
 120 public:
 121   enum dchar replacement = '\uFFFD'; /// replacement char for invalid unicode
 122   static bool isValidDC (dchar c) pure nothrow @safe @nogc { pragma(inline, true); return (c < 0xD800 || (c > 0xDFFF && c <= 0x10FFFF)); } /// is given codepoint valid?
 123
 124 private:
 125   enum State : uint {
 126     Accept = 0x0000_0000u,
 127     Reject = 0x0c00_0000u,
 128     Mask = 0xff00_0000u
 129   }
 130   uint codep = State.Accept;
 131 nothrow @safe @nogc:
 132 public:
 133   @property bool complete () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return ((codep&State.Mask) == State.Accept); } /// is current character complete?
 134   @property bool invalid () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return ((codep&State.Mask) == State.Reject); } ///
 135   @property bool completeOrInvalid () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return (complete || invalid); } ///
 136   @property dchar currCodePoint () const pure { pragma(inline, true); return (codep <= dchar.max ? codep : replacement); } /// valid only if decoder is in "complete" state
 137   void reset () pure { codep = State.Accept; } ///
 138   /** never reaches `invalid` state, returns `replacement` for invalid chars.
 139    * returns invalid dchar while it is "in progress" (i.e. result > dchar.max). */
 140   dchar decode (ubyte b) @trusted {
 141     immutable ubyte type = Utf8DecoderFast.utf8dfa.ptr[b];
 142     ubyte state = (codep>>24)&0xff;
 143     codep = (state /*!= State.Accept*/ ? (b&0x3f)|((codep&~State.Mask)<<6) : (0xff>>type)&b);
 144     if ((state = Utf8DecoderFast.utf8dfa.ptr[256+state+type]) == 12/*State.Reject*/) {
 145       codep = replacement;
 146     } else {
 147       codep |= (cast(uint)state<<24);
 148     }
 149     return codep;
 150   }
 151 }
 152
 153
 154 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 155 /// returns -1 on error (out of room in `s`), or number of generated bytes.
 156 /// will never set more than 4 bytes of `s`.
 157 int utf8Encode(dchar replacement='\uFFFD') (char[] s, dchar c) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 158   static assert(Utf8Decoder.isValidDC(replacement), "invalid replacement char");
 159   // if this is out-of-range char, put replacement instead
 160   if (!Utf8Decoder.isValidDC(c)) c = replacement;
 161   if (c <= 0x7F) {
 162     if (s.length < 1) return -1;
 163     s.ptr[0] = cast(char)c;
 164     return 1;
 165   }
 166   if (c <= 0x7FF) {
 167     if (s.length < 2) return -1;
 168     s.ptr[0] = cast(char)(0xC0|(c>>6));
 169     s.ptr[1] = cast(char)(0x80|(c&0x3F));
 170     return 2;
 171   }
 172   if (c <= 0xFFFF) {
 173     if (s.length < 3) return -1;
 174     s.ptr[0] = cast(char)(0xE0|(c>>12));
 175     s.ptr[1] = cast(char)(0x80|((c>>6)&0x3F));
 176     s.ptr[2] = cast(char)(0x80|(c&0x3F));
 177     return 3;
 178   }
 179   if (c <= 0x10FFFF) {
 180     if (s.length < 4) return -1;
 181     s.ptr[0] = cast(char)(0xF0|(c>>18));
 182     s.ptr[1] = cast(char)(0x80|((c>>12)&0x3F));
 183     s.ptr[2] = cast(char)(0x80|((c>>6)&0x3F));
 184     s.ptr[3] = cast(char)(0x80|(c&0x3F));
 185     return 4;
 186   }
 187   // the thing that should not be
 188   assert(0, "wtf?!");
 189 }
 190
 191
 192 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 193 /// doesn't do all possible checks, so don't pass invalid UTF-8
 194 usize utf8Length (const(char)[] s) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 195   static immutable ubyte[256] UTF8stride = [
 196     cast(ubyte)
 197     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 198     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 199     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 200     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 201     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 202     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 203     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 204     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
 205     0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
 206     0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
 207     0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
 208     0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
 209     2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
 210     2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
 211     3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
 212     4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6,0xFF,0xFF,
 213   ];
 214   usize pos = 0, res = 0;
 215   while (pos < s.length) {
 216     ubyte l = UTF8stride.ptr[s.ptr[pos++]];
 217     if (l == 0xFF) l = 1;
 218     res += l;
 219     pos += (l-1);
 220   }
 221   return res;
 222 }
 223
 224
 225 /// `ch`: utf8 start
 226 /// -1: invalid utf8
 227 byte utf8CodeLen(bool allowOverlong=false) (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 228   //pragma(inline, true);
 229   if (ch < 0x80) return 1;
 230   static if (allowOverlong) {
 231     if ((ch&0b1111_1110) == 0b1111_1100) return 6;
 232     if ((ch&0b1111_1100) == 0b1111_1000) return 5;
 233   }
 234   if ((ch&0b1111_1000) == 0b1111_0000) return 4;
 235   if ((ch&0b1111_0000) == 0b1110_0000) return 3;
 236   if ((ch&0b1110_0000) == 0b1100_0000) return 2;
 237   return -1; // invalid
 238 }
 239
 240
 241 ///
 242 bool utf8Valid (const(void)[] buf) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 243   const(ubyte)* bp = cast(const(ubyte)*)buf.ptr;
 244   auto left = buf.length;
 245   while (left--) {
 246     auto len = utf8CodeLen(*bp++)-1;
 247     if (len < 0 || len > left) return false;
 248     left -= len;
 249     while (len-- > 0) if (((*bp++)&0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000) return false;
 250   }
 251   return true;
 252 }
 253
 254
 255 ///
 256 bool utf8ValidText (const(void)[] buf) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 257   const(ubyte)* bp = cast(const(ubyte)*)buf.ptr;
 258   auto left = buf.length;
 259   while (left--) {
 260     auto len = utf8CodeLen(*bp++)-1;
 261     if (len < 0 || len > left) return false;
 262     if (len == 1 && bp[-1] < 32) {
 263       if (bp[-1] != 9 && bp[-1] != 10 && bp[-1] != 13) return false;
 264     }
 265     left -= len;
 266     while (len-- > 0) if (((*bp++)&0b1100_0000) != 0b1000_0000) return false;
 267   }
 268   return true;
 269 }
 270
 271
 272 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 273 /+
 274 private static immutable ubyte[0x458-0x401] uni2koiTable = [
 275   0xB3,0x3F,0x3F,0xB4,0x3F,0xB6,0xB7,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0xE1,
 276   0xE2,0xF7,0xE7,0xE4,0xE5,0xF6,0xFA,0xE9,0xEA,0xEB,0xEC,0xED,0xEE,0xEF,0xF0,0xF2,
 277   0xF3,0xF4,0xF5,0xE6,0xE8,0xE3,0xFE,0xFB,0xFD,0xFF,0xF9,0xF8,0xFC,0xE0,0xF1,0xC1,
 278   0xC2,0xD7,0xC7,0xC4,0xC5,0xD6,0xDA,0xC9,0xCA,0xCB,0xCC,0xCD,0xCE,0xCF,0xD0,0xD2,
 279   0xD3,0xD4,0xD5,0xC6,0xC8,0xC3,0xDE,0xDB,0xDD,0xDF,0xD9,0xD8,0xDC,0xC0,0xD1,0x3F,
 280   0xA3,0x3F,0x3F,0xA4,0x3F,0xA6,0xA7
 281 ];
 282
 283
 284 private static immutable dchar[128] koi2uniTable = [
 285   0x2500,0x2502,0x250C,0x2510,0x2514,0x2518,0x251C,0x2524,0x252C,0x2534,0x253C,0x2580,0x2584,0x2588,0x258C,0x2590,
 286   0x2591,0x2592,0x2593,0x2320,0x25A0,0x2219,0x221A,0x2248,0x2264,0x2265,0x00A0,0x2321,0x00B0,0x00B2,0x00B7,0x00F7,
 287   0x2550,0x2551,0x2552,0x0451,0x0454,0x2554,0x0456,0x0457,0x2557,0x2558,0x2559,0x255A,0x255B,0x0491,0x255D,0x255E,
 288   0x255F,0x2560,0x2561,0x0401,0x0404,0x2563,0x0406,0x0407,0x2566,0x2567,0x2568,0x2569,0x256A,0x0490,0x256C,0x00A9,
 289   0x044E,0x0430,0x0431,0x0446,0x0434,0x0435,0x0444,0x0433,0x0445,0x0438,0x0439,0x043A,0x043B,0x043C,0x043D,0x043E,
 290   0x043F,0x044F,0x0440,0x0441,0x0442,0x0443,0x0436,0x0432,0x044C,0x044B,0x0437,0x0448,0x044D,0x0449,0x0447,0x044A,
 291   0x042E,0x0410,0x0411,0x0426,0x0414,0x0415,0x0424,0x0413,0x0425,0x0418,0x0419,0x041A,0x041B,0x041C,0x041D,0x041E,
 292   0x041F,0x042F,0x0420,0x0421,0x0422,0x0423,0x0416,0x0412,0x042C,0x042B,0x0417,0x0428,0x042D,0x0429,0x0427,0x042A,
 293 ];
 294
 295
 296 // convert unicode to koi8-u
 297 public char uni2koi() (dchar ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 298   if (ch < 128) return cast(char)(ch&0xff);
 299   if (ch > 0x400 && ch < 0x458) return cast(char)(uni2koiTable.ptr[ch-0x401]);
 300   switch (ch) {
 301     case 0x490: return 0xBD; // ukrainian G with upturn (upcase)
 302     case 0x491: return 0xAD; // ukrainian G with upturn (locase)
 303     case 0x2500: return 0x80; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
 304     case 0x2502: return 0x81; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
 305     case 0x250c: return 0x82; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT
 306     case 0x2510: return 0x83; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT
 307     case 0x2514: return 0x84; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT
 308     case 0x2518: return 0x85; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT
 309     case 0x251c: return 0x86; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT
 310     case 0x2524: return 0x87; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT
 311     case 0x252c: return 0x88; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL
 312     case 0x2534: return 0x89; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL
 313     case 0x253c: return 0x8A; // BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
 314     case 0x2580: return 0x8B; // UPPER HALF BLOCK
 315     case 0x2584: return 0x8C; // LOWER HALF BLOCK
 316     case 0x2588: return 0x8D; // FULL BLOCK
 317     case 0x258c: return 0x8E; // LEFT HALF BLOCK
 318     case 0x2590: return 0x8F; // RIGHT HALF BLOCK
 319     case 0x2591: return 0x90; // LIGHT SHADE
 320     case 0x2592: return 0x91; // MEDIUM SHADE
 321     case 0x2593: return 0x92; // DARK SHADE
 322     case 0x2320: return 0x93; // TOP HALF INTEGRAL
 323     case 0x25a0: return 0x94; // BLACK SQUARE
 324     case 0x2219: return 0x95; // BULLET OPERATOR
 325     case 0x221a: return 0x96; // SQUARE ROOT
 326     case 0x2248: return 0x97; // ALMOST EQUAL TO
 327     case 0x2264: return 0x98; // LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO
 328     case 0x2265: return 0x99; // GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO
 329     case 0x00a0: return 0x9A; // NO-BREAK SPACE
 330     case 0x2321: return 0x9B; // BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL
 331     case 0x00b0: return 0x9C; // DEGREE SIGN
 332     case 0x00b2: return 0x9D; // SUPERSCRIPT TWO
 333     case 0x00b7: return 0x9E; // MIDDLE DOT
 334     case 0x00f7: return 0x9F; // DIVISION SIGN
 335     case 0x2550: return 0xA0; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
 336     case 0x2551: return 0xA1; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL
 337     case 0x2552: return 0xA2; // BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE
 338     case 0x2554: return 0xA5; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT
 339     case 0x2557: return 0xA8; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT
 340     case 0x2558: return 0xA9; // BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE
 341     case 0x2559: return 0xAA; // BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE
 342     case 0x255a: return 0xAB; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT
 343     case 0x255b: return 0xAC; // BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE
 344     case 0x255d: return 0xAE; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT
 345     case 0x255e: return 0xAF; // BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE
 346     case 0x255f: return 0xB0; // BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE
 347     case 0x2560: return 0xB1; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT
 348     case 0x2561: return 0xB2; // BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE
 349     case 0x2563: return 0xB5; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT
 350     case 0x2566: return 0xB8; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL
 351     case 0x2567: return 0xB9; // BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE
 352     case 0x2568: return 0xBA; // BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE
 353     case 0x2569: return 0xBB; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL
 354     case 0x256a: return 0xBC; // BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE
 355     case 0x256c: return 0xBE; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
 356     case 0x00a9: return 0xBF; // COPYRIGHT SIGN
 357     //
 358     case 0x2562: return 0xB4; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT SINGLE
 359     case 0x2564: return 0xB6; // BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
 360     case 0x2565: return 0xB7; // BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND SINGLE HORIZONTAL
 361     case 0x256B: return 0xBD; // BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE
 362     default:
 363   }
 364   return 0;
 365 }
 366
 367
 368 // convert koi8-u to unicode
 369 public dchar koi2uni() (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 370   pragma(inline, true);
 371   return (ch < 128 ? ch : koi2uniTable.ptr[cast(ubyte)ch-128]);
 372 }
 373 +/
 374
 375
 376 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 377 /// convert koi8 to unicode
 378 wchar koi2uni() (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 379   static immutable wchar[256] utbl = [
 380       0x0000,0x0001,0x0002,0x0003,0x0004,0x0005,0x0006,0x0007,0x0008,0x0009,0x000a,0x000b,0x000c,0x000d,0x000e,0x000f,
 381       0x0010,0x0011,0x0012,0x0013,0x0014,0x0015,0x0016,0x0017,0x0018,0x0019,0x001a,0x001b,0x001c,0x001d,0x001e,0x001f,
 382       0x0020,0x0021,0x0022,0x0023,0x0024,0x0025,0x0026,0x0027,0x0028,0x0029,0x002a,0x002b,0x002c,0x002d,0x002e,0x002f,
 383       0x0030,0x0031,0x0032,0x0033,0x0034,0x0035,0x0036,0x0037,0x0038,0x0039,0x003a,0x003b,0x003c,0x003d,0x003e,0x003f,
 384       0x0040,0x0041,0x0042,0x0043,0x0044,0x0045,0x0046,0x0047,0x0048,0x0049,0x004a,0x004b,0x004c,0x004d,0x004e,0x004f,
 385       0x0050,0x0051,0x0052,0x0053,0x0054,0x0055,0x0056,0x0057,0x0058,0x0059,0x005a,0x005b,0x005c,0x005d,0x005e,0x005f,
 386       0x0060,0x0061,0x0062,0x0063,0x0064,0x0065,0x0066,0x0067,0x0068,0x0069,0x006a,0x006b,0x006c,0x006d,0x006e,0x006f,
 387       0x0070,0x0071,0x0072,0x0073,0x0074,0x0075,0x0076,0x0077,0x0078,0x0079,0x007a,0x007b,0x007c,0x007d,0x007e,0x007f,
 388       0x2500,0x2502,0x250c,0x2510,0x2514,0x2518,0x251c,0x2524,0x252c,0x2534,0x253c,0x2580,0x2584,0x2588,0x258c,0x2590,
 389       0x2591,0x2592,0x2593,0x2320,0x25a0,0x2219,0x221a,0x2248,0x2264,0x2265,0x00a0,0x2321,0x00b0,0x00b2,0x00b7,0x00f7,
 390       0x2550,0x2551,0x2552,0x0451,0x0454,0x2554,0x0456,0x0457,0x2557,0x2558,0x2559,0x255a,0x255b,0x0491,0x255d,0x255e,
 391       0x255f,0x2560,0x2561,0x0401,0x0404,0x2563,0x0406,0x0407,0x2566,0x2567,0x2568,0x2569,0x256a,0x0490,0x256c,0x00a9,
 392       0x044e,0x0430,0x0431,0x0446,0x0434,0x0435,0x0444,0x0433,0x0445,0x0438,0x0439,0x043a,0x043b,0x043c,0x043d,0x043e,
 393       0x043f,0x044f,0x0440,0x0441,0x0442,0x0443,0x0436,0x0432,0x044c,0x044b,0x0437,0x0448,0x044d,0x0449,0x0447,0x044a,
 394       0x042e,0x0410,0x0411,0x0426,0x0414,0x0415,0x0424,0x0413,0x0425,0x0418,0x0419,0x041a,0x041b,0x041c,0x041d,0x041e,
 395       0x041f,0x042f,0x0420,0x0421,0x0422,0x0423,0x0416,0x0412,0x042c,0x042b,0x0417,0x0428,0x042d,0x0429,0x0427,0x042a,
 396   ];
 397   return utbl.ptr[cast(ubyte)ch];
 398 }
 399
 400 /// convert unicode to koi8
 401 char uni2koi(char repchar='?') (dchar dch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 402   if (dch < 128) return cast(char)(dch&0xff);
 403   if (dch == 0x00a0) return cast(char)0x9a;
 404   if (dch == 0x00a9) return cast(char)0xbf;
 405   if (dch == 0x00b0) return cast(char)0x9c;
 406   if (dch == 0x00b2) return cast(char)0x9d;
 407   if (dch == 0x00b7) return cast(char)0x9e;
 408   if (dch == 0x00f7) return cast(char)0x9f;
 409   if (dch == 0x0401) return cast(char)0xb3;
 410   if (dch == 0x0404) return cast(char)0xb4;
 411   if (dch == 0x0406) return cast(char)0xb6;
 412   if (dch == 0x0407) return cast(char)0xb7;
 413   if (dch >= 0x0410 && dch <= 0x044f) {
 414     static immutable char[64] ctbl0 = [
 415       0xe1,0xe2,0xf7,0xe7,0xe4,0xe5,0xf6,0xfa,0xe9,0xea,0xeb,0xec,0xed,0xee,0xef,0xf0,
 416       0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xe6,0xe8,0xe3,0xfe,0xfb,0xfd,0xff,0xf9,0xf8,0xfc,0xe0,0xf1,
 417       0xc1,0xc2,0xd7,0xc7,0xc4,0xc5,0xd6,0xda,0xc9,0xca,0xcb,0xcc,0xcd,0xce,0xcf,0xd0,
 418       0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xc6,0xc8,0xc3,0xde,0xdb,0xdd,0xdf,0xd9,0xd8,0xdc,0xc0,0xd1,
 419     ];
 420     return ctbl0.ptr[cast(uint)dch-1040];
 421   }
 422   if (dch == 0x0451) return cast(char)0xa3;
 423   if (dch == 0x0454) return cast(char)0xa4;
 424   if (dch == 0x0456) return cast(char)0xa6;
 425   if (dch == 0x0457) return cast(char)0xa7;
 426   if (dch == 0x0490) return cast(char)0xbd;
 427   if (dch == 0x0491) return cast(char)0xad;
 428   if (dch == 0x2219) return cast(char)0x95;
 429   if (dch == 0x221a) return cast(char)0x96;
 430   if (dch == 0x2248) return cast(char)0x97;
 431   if (dch == 0x2264) return cast(char)0x98;
 432   if (dch == 0x2265) return cast(char)0x99;
 433   if (dch == 0x2320) return cast(char)0x93;
 434   if (dch == 0x2321) return cast(char)0x9b;
 435   if (dch == 0x2500) return cast(char)0x80;
 436   if (dch == 0x2502) return cast(char)0x81;
 437   if (dch == 0x250c) return cast(char)0x82;
 438   if (dch == 0x2510) return cast(char)0x83;
 439   if (dch == 0x2514) return cast(char)0x84;
 440   if (dch == 0x2518) return cast(char)0x85;
 441   if (dch == 0x251c) return cast(char)0x86;
 442   if (dch == 0x2524) return cast(char)0x87;
 443   if (dch == 0x252c) return cast(char)0x88;
 444   if (dch == 0x2534) return cast(char)0x89;
 445   if (dch == 0x253c) return cast(char)0x8a;
 446   if (dch == 0x2550) return cast(char)0xa0;
 447   if (dch == 0x2551) return cast(char)0xa1;
 448   if (dch == 0x2552) return cast(char)0xa2;
 449   if (dch == 0x2554) return cast(char)0xa5;
 450   if (dch >= 0x2557 && dch <= 0x255b) {
 451     static immutable char[5] ctbl1 = [0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xab,0xac,];
 452     return ctbl1.ptr[cast(uint)dch-9559];
 453   }
 454   if (dch >= 0x255d && dch <= 0x2561) {
 455     static immutable char[5] ctbl2 = [0xae,0xaf,0xb0,0xb1,0xb2,];
 456     return ctbl2.ptr[cast(uint)dch-9565];
 457   }
 458   if (dch == 0x2563) return cast(char)0xb5;
 459   if (dch >= 0x2566 && dch <= 0x256a) {
 460     static immutable char[5] ctbl3 = [0xb8,0xb9,0xba,0xbb,0xbc,];
 461     return ctbl3.ptr[cast(uint)dch-9574];
 462   }
 463   if (dch == 0x256c) return cast(char)0xbe;
 464   if (dch == 0x2580) return cast(char)0x8b;
 465   if (dch == 0x2584) return cast(char)0x8c;
 466   if (dch == 0x2588) return cast(char)0x8d;
 467   if (dch == 0x258c) return cast(char)0x8e;
 468   if (dch >= 0x2590 && dch <= 0x2593) {
 469     static immutable char[4] ctbl4 = [0x8f,0x90,0x91,0x92,];
 470     return ctbl4.ptr[cast(uint)dch-9616];
 471   }
 472   if (dch == 0x25a0) return cast(char)0x94;
 473   return repchar;
 474 }
 475
 476
 477 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 478 /// conver 1251 to unicode
 479 wchar cp12512uni() (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 480   static immutable wchar[256] utbl = [
 481       0x0000,0x0001,0x0002,0x0003,0x0004,0x0005,0x0006,0x0007,0x0008,0x0009,0x000a,0x000b,0x000c,0x000d,0x000e,0x000f,
 482       0x0010,0x0011,0x0012,0x0013,0x0014,0x0015,0x0016,0x0017,0x0018,0x0019,0x001a,0x001b,0x001c,0x001d,0x001e,0x001f,
 483       0x0020,0x0021,0x0022,0x0023,0x0024,0x0025,0x0026,0x0027,0x0028,0x0029,0x002a,0x002b,0x002c,0x002d,0x002e,0x002f,
 484       0x0030,0x0031,0x0032,0x0033,0x0034,0x0035,0x0036,0x0037,0x0038,0x0039,0x003a,0x003b,0x003c,0x003d,0x003e,0x003f,
 485       0x0040,0x0041,0x0042,0x0043,0x0044,0x0045,0x0046,0x0047,0x0048,0x0049,0x004a,0x004b,0x004c,0x004d,0x004e,0x004f,
 486       0x0050,0x0051,0x0052,0x0053,0x0054,0x0055,0x0056,0x0057,0x0058,0x0059,0x005a,0x005b,0x005c,0x005d,0x005e,0x005f,
 487       0x0060,0x0061,0x0062,0x0063,0x0064,0x0065,0x0066,0x0067,0x0068,0x0069,0x006a,0x006b,0x006c,0x006d,0x006e,0x006f,
 488       0x0070,0x0071,0x0072,0x0073,0x0074,0x0075,0x0076,0x0077,0x0078,0x0079,0x007a,0x007b,0x007c,0x007d,0x007e,0x007f,
 489       0x0402,0x0403,0x201a,0x0453,0x201e,0x2026,0x2020,0x2021,0x20ac,0x2030,0x0409,0x2039,0x040a,0x040c,0x040b,0x040f,
 490       0x0452,0x2018,0x2019,0x201c,0x201d,0x2022,0x2013,0x2014,0xfffd,0x2122,0x0459,0x203a,0x045a,0x045c,0x045b,0x045f,
 491       0x00a0,0x040e,0x045e,0x0408,0x00a4,0x0490,0x00a6,0x00a7,0x0401,0x00a9,0x0404,0x00ab,0x00ac,0x00ad,0x00ae,0x0407,
 492       0x00b0,0x00b1,0x0406,0x0456,0x0491,0x00b5,0x00b6,0x00b7,0x0451,0x2116,0x0454,0x00bb,0x0458,0x0405,0x0455,0x0457,
 493       0x0410,0x0411,0x0412,0x0413,0x0414,0x0415,0x0416,0x0417,0x0418,0x0419,0x041a,0x041b,0x041c,0x041d,0x041e,0x041f,
 494       0x0420,0x0421,0x0422,0x0423,0x0424,0x0425,0x0426,0x0427,0x0428,0x0429,0x042a,0x042b,0x042c,0x042d,0x042e,0x042f,
 495       0x0430,0x0431,0x0432,0x0433,0x0434,0x0435,0x0436,0x0437,0x0438,0x0439,0x043a,0x043b,0x043c,0x043d,0x043e,0x043f,
 496       0x0440,0x0441,0x0442,0x0443,0x0444,0x0445,0x0446,0x0447,0x0448,0x0449,0x044a,0x044b,0x044c,0x044d,0x044e,0x044f,
 497   ];
 498   return utbl.ptr[cast(ubyte)ch];
 499 }
 500
 501 /// convert unicode to 1251
 502 char uni2cp1251(char repchar='?') (dchar dch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 503   if (dch < 128) return cast(char)(dch&0xff);
 504   if (dch == 0x00a0) return cast(char)0xa0;
 505   if (dch == 0x00a4) return cast(char)0xa4;
 506   if (dch == 0x00a6) return cast(char)0xa6;
 507   if (dch == 0x00a7) return cast(char)0xa7;
 508   if (dch == 0x00a9) return cast(char)0xa9;
 509   if (dch >= 0x00ab && dch <= 0x00ae) {
 510     static immutable char[4] ctbl0 = [0xab,0xac,0xad,0xae,];
 511     return ctbl0.ptr[cast(uint)dch-171];
 512   }
 513   if (dch == 0x00b0) return cast(char)0xb0;
 514   if (dch == 0x00b1) return cast(char)0xb1;
 515   if (dch == 0x00b5) return cast(char)0xb5;
 516   if (dch == 0x00b6) return cast(char)0xb6;
 517   if (dch == 0x00b7) return cast(char)0xb7;
 518   if (dch == 0x00bb) return cast(char)0xbb;
 519   if (dch >= 0x0401 && dch <= 0x040c) {
 520     static immutable char[12] ctbl1 = [0xa8,0x80,0x81,0xaa,0xbd,0xb2,0xaf,0xa3,0x8a,0x8c,0x8e,0x8d,];
 521     return ctbl1.ptr[cast(uint)dch-1025];
 522   }
 523   if (dch >= 0x040e && dch <= 0x044f) {
 524     static immutable char[66] ctbl2 = [
 525       0xa1,0x8f,0xc0,0xc1,0xc2,0xc3,0xc4,0xc5,0xc6,0xc7,0xc8,0xc9,0xca,0xcb,0xcc,0xcd,
 526       0xce,0xcf,0xd0,0xd1,0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xd6,0xd7,0xd8,0xd9,0xda,0xdb,0xdc,0xdd,
 527       0xde,0xdf,0xe0,0xe1,0xe2,0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xeb,0xec,0xed,
 528       0xee,0xef,0xf0,0xf1,0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,
 529       0xfe,0xff,
 530     ];
 531     return ctbl2.ptr[cast(uint)dch-1038];
 532   }
 533   if (dch >= 0x0451 && dch <= 0x045c) {
 534     static immutable char[12] ctbl3 = [0xb8,0x90,0x83,0xba,0xbe,0xb3,0xbf,0xbc,0x9a,0x9c,0x9e,0x9d,];
 535     return ctbl3.ptr[cast(uint)dch-1105];
 536   }
 537   if (dch == 0x045e) return cast(char)0xa2;
 538   if (dch == 0x045f) return cast(char)0x9f;
 539   if (dch == 0x0490) return cast(char)0xa5;
 540   if (dch == 0x0491) return cast(char)0xb4;
 541   if (dch == 0x2013) return cast(char)0x96;
 542   if (dch == 0x2014) return cast(char)0x97;
 543   if (dch == 0x2018) return cast(char)0x91;
 544   if (dch == 0x2019) return cast(char)0x92;
 545   if (dch == 0x201a) return cast(char)0x82;
 546   if (dch == 0x201c) return cast(char)0x93;
 547   if (dch == 0x201d) return cast(char)0x94;
 548   if (dch == 0x201e) return cast(char)0x84;
 549   if (dch == 0x2020) return cast(char)0x86;
 550   if (dch == 0x2021) return cast(char)0x87;
 551   if (dch == 0x2022) return cast(char)0x95;
 552   if (dch == 0x2026) return cast(char)0x85;
 553   if (dch == 0x2030) return cast(char)0x89;
 554   if (dch == 0x2039) return cast(char)0x8b;
 555   if (dch == 0x203a) return cast(char)0x9b;
 556   if (dch == 0x20ac) return cast(char)0x88;
 557   if (dch == 0x2116) return cast(char)0xb9;
 558   if (dch == 0x2122) return cast(char)0x99;
 559   //if (dch == 0xfffd) return cast(char)0x98;
 560   return repchar;
 561 }
 562
 563
 564 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 565 /// convert 866 to unicode
 566 wchar cp8662uni() (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 567   static immutable wchar[256] utbl = [
 568       0x0000,0x0001,0x0002,0x0003,0x0004,0x0005,0x0006,0x0007,0x0008,0x0009,0x000a,0x000b,0x000c,0x000d,0x000e,0x000f,
 569       0x0010,0x0011,0x0012,0x0013,0x0014,0x0015,0x0016,0x0017,0x0018,0x0019,0x001a,0x001b,0x001c,0x001d,0x001e,0x001f,
 570       0x0020,0x0021,0x0022,0x0023,0x0024,0x0025,0x0026,0x0027,0x0028,0x0029,0x002a,0x002b,0x002c,0x002d,0x002e,0x002f,
 571       0x0030,0x0031,0x0032,0x0033,0x0034,0x0035,0x0036,0x0037,0x0038,0x0039,0x003a,0x003b,0x003c,0x003d,0x003e,0x003f,
 572       0x0040,0x0041,0x0042,0x0043,0x0044,0x0045,0x0046,0x0047,0x0048,0x0049,0x004a,0x004b,0x004c,0x004d,0x004e,0x004f,
 573       0x0050,0x0051,0x0052,0x0053,0x0054,0x0055,0x0056,0x0057,0x0058,0x0059,0x005a,0x005b,0x005c,0x005d,0x005e,0x005f,
 574       0x0060,0x0061,0x0062,0x0063,0x0064,0x0065,0x0066,0x0067,0x0068,0x0069,0x006a,0x006b,0x006c,0x006d,0x006e,0x006f,
 575       0x0070,0x0071,0x0072,0x0073,0x0074,0x0075,0x0076,0x0077,0x0078,0x0079,0x007a,0x007b,0x007c,0x007d,0x007e,0x007f,
 576       0x0410,0x0411,0x0412,0x0413,0x0414,0x0415,0x0416,0x0417,0x0418,0x0419,0x041a,0x041b,0x041c,0x041d,0x041e,0x041f,
 577       0x0420,0x0421,0x0422,0x0423,0x0424,0x0425,0x0426,0x0427,0x0428,0x0429,0x042a,0x042b,0x042c,0x042d,0x042e,0x042f,
 578       0x0430,0x0431,0x0432,0x0433,0x0434,0x0435,0x0436,0x0437,0x0438,0x0439,0x043a,0x043b,0x043c,0x043d,0x043e,0x043f,
 579       0x2591,0x2592,0x2593,0x2502,0x2524,0x2561,0x2562,0x2556,0x2555,0x2563,0x2551,0x2557,0x255d,0x255c,0x255b,0x2510,
 580       0x2514,0x2534,0x252c,0x251c,0x2500,0x253c,0x255e,0x255f,0x255a,0x2554,0x2569,0x2566,0x2560,0x2550,0x256c,0x2567,
 581       0x2568,0x2564,0x2565,0x2559,0x2558,0x2552,0x2553,0x256b,0x256a,0x2518,0x250c,0x2588,0x2584,0x258c,0x2590,0x2580,
 582       0x0440,0x0441,0x0442,0x0443,0x0444,0x0445,0x0446,0x0447,0x0448,0x0449,0x044a,0x044b,0x044c,0x044d,0x044e,0x044f,
 583       0x0401,0x0451,0x0404,0x0454,0x0407,0x0457,0x040e,0x045e,0x00b0,0x2219,0x00b7,0x221a,0x2116,0x00a4,0x25a0,0x00a0,
 584   ];
 585   return utbl.ptr[cast(ubyte)ch];
 586 }
 587
 588 /// convert unicode to 866
 589 char uni2cp866(char repchar='?') (dchar dch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 590   if (dch < 128) return cast(char)(dch&0xff);
 591   if (dch == 0x00a0) return cast(char)0xff;
 592   if (dch == 0x00a4) return cast(char)0xfd;
 593   if (dch == 0x00b0) return cast(char)0xf8;
 594   if (dch == 0x00b7) return cast(char)0xfa;
 595   if (dch == 0x0401) return cast(char)0xf0;
 596   if (dch == 0x0404) return cast(char)0xf2;
 597   if (dch == 0x0407) return cast(char)0xf4;
 598   if (dch == 0x040e) return cast(char)0xf6;
 599   if (dch >= 0x0410 && dch <= 0x044f) {
 600     static immutable char[64] ctbl0 = [
 601       0x80,0x81,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,0x88,0x89,0x8a,0x8b,0x8c,0x8d,0x8e,0x8f,
 602       0x90,0x91,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9a,0x9b,0x9c,0x9d,0x9e,0x9f,
 603       0xa0,0xa1,0xa2,0xa3,0xa4,0xa5,0xa6,0xa7,0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xab,0xac,0xad,0xae,0xaf,
 604       0xe0,0xe1,0xe2,0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xeb,0xec,0xed,0xee,0xef,
 605     ];
 606     return ctbl0.ptr[cast(uint)dch-1040];
 607   }
 608   if (dch == 0x0451) return cast(char)0xf1;
 609   if (dch == 0x0454) return cast(char)0xf3;
 610   if (dch == 0x0457) return cast(char)0xf5;
 611   if (dch == 0x045e) return cast(char)0xf7;
 612   if (dch == 0x2116) return cast(char)0xfc;
 613   if (dch == 0x2219) return cast(char)0xf9;
 614   if (dch == 0x221a) return cast(char)0xfb;
 615   if (dch == 0x2500) return cast(char)0xc4;
 616   if (dch == 0x2502) return cast(char)0xb3;
 617   if (dch == 0x250c) return cast(char)0xda;
 618   if (dch == 0x2510) return cast(char)0xbf;
 619   if (dch == 0x2514) return cast(char)0xc0;
 620   if (dch == 0x2518) return cast(char)0xd9;
 621   if (dch == 0x251c) return cast(char)0xc3;
 622   if (dch == 0x2524) return cast(char)0xb4;
 623   if (dch == 0x252c) return cast(char)0xc2;
 624   if (dch == 0x2534) return cast(char)0xc1;
 625   if (dch == 0x253c) return cast(char)0xc5;
 626   if (dch >= 0x2550 && dch <= 0x256c) {
 627     static immutable char[29] ctbl1 = [
 628       0xcd,0xba,0xd5,0xd6,0xc9,0xb8,0xb7,0xbb,0xd4,0xd3,0xc8,0xbe,0xbd,0xbc,0xc6,0xc7,
 629       0xcc,0xb5,0xb6,0xb9,0xd1,0xd2,0xcb,0xcf,0xd0,0xca,0xd8,0xd7,0xce,
 630     ];
 631     return ctbl1.ptr[cast(uint)dch-9552];
 632   }
 633   if (dch == 0x2580) return cast(char)0xdf;
 634   if (dch == 0x2584) return cast(char)0xdc;
 635   if (dch == 0x2588) return cast(char)0xdb;
 636   if (dch == 0x258c) return cast(char)0xdd;
 637   if (dch >= 0x2590 && dch <= 0x2593) {
 638     static immutable char[4] ctbl2 = [0xde,0xb0,0xb1,0xb2,];
 639     return ctbl2.ptr[cast(uint)dch-9616];
 640   }
 641   if (dch == 0x25a0) return cast(char)0xfe;
 642   return repchar;
 643 }
 644
 645
 646 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 647 /// `strlen()` for utf-8 string
 648 public usize utflen (const(char)[] s) nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 649   Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 650   int res = 0;
 651   foreach (char ch; s) if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) ++res;
 652   return res;
 653 }
 654
 655
 656 /// remove last character from utf-8 string
 657 public T utfchop(T : const(char)[]) (T s) nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 658   Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 659   int last = 0;
 660   foreach (immutable idx, char ch; s) if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) last = cast(int)idx;
 661   return s[0..last];
 662 }
 663
 664
 665 /// skip first `len` characters in utf-8 string
 666 public T utfskip(T : const(char)[]) (T s, ptrdiff_t len) nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 667   if (len < 1) return s;
 668   if (len >= s.length) return null;
 669   Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 670   foreach (immutable idx, char ch; s) {
 671     if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) {
 672       if (--len == 0) return s[idx+1..$];
 673     }
 674   }
 675   return null;
 676 }
 677
 678
 679 /// take first `len` characters in utf-8 string
 680 public T utfleft(T : const(char)[]) (T s, ptrdiff_t len) nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 681   if (len < 1) return null;
 682   if (len >= s.length) return s;
 683   Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 684   foreach (immutable idx, char ch; s) {
 685     if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) {
 686       if (--len == 0) return s[0..idx+1];
 687     }
 688   }
 689   return s;
 690 }
 691
 692
 693 /// take last `len` characters in utf-8 string (slow!)
 694 public T utfright(T : const(char)[]) (T s, ptrdiff_t len) nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 695   if (len < 1) return null;
 696   if (len >= s.length) return s;
 697   auto fulllen = s.utflen;
 698   if (len >= fulllen) return s;
 699   Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 700   foreach (immutable idx, char ch; s) {
 701     if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) {
 702       if (--fulllen == len) return s[idx+1..$];
 703     }
 704   }
 705   return null;
 706 }
 707
 708
 709 /// take `len` characters from position `pos` in utf-8 string (slow!)
 710 public T utfmid(T : const(char)[]) (T s, ptrdiff_t pos, ptrdiff_t len) nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 711   if (len < 1 || pos >= s.length) return null;
 712   Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 713   int ds = -1, de = -1;
 714   if (pos == 0) ds = 0;
 715   foreach (immutable idx, char ch; s) {
 716     if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) {
 717       if (ds < 0) {
 718         if (pos > 0) --pos; else ++pos;
 719         if (pos == 0) ds = cast(int)idx+1;
 720       } else if (de < 0) {
 721         if (--len == 0) { de = cast(int)idx+1; break; }
 722       } else {
 723         assert(0, "wtf?!");
 724       }
 725     }
 726   }
 727   if (ds < 0) return null;
 728   if (de < 0) return s[ds..$];
 729   return s[ds..de];
 730 }
 731
 732
 733 /// remove `len` characters from position `pos` in utf-8 string (slow!)
 734 /// NOT REALLY TESTED!
 735 public T utfdel(T : const(char)[]) (T s, ptrdiff_t pos, ptrdiff_t len) {
 736   static if (is(T == typeof(null))) {
 737     return null;
 738   } else {
 739     if (len < 1 || pos >= s.length) return s;
 740     Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 741     int ds = -1, de = -1;
 742     if (pos == 0) ds = 0;
 743     foreach (immutable idx, char ch; s) {
 744       if (dc.decode(cast(ubyte)ch)) {
 745         if (ds < 0) {
 746           if (pos > 0) --pos; else ++pos;
 747           if (pos == 0) ds = cast(int)idx+1;
 748         } else if (de < 0) {
 749           if (--len == 0) { de = cast(int)idx+1; break; }
 750         } else {
 751           assert(0, "wtf?!");
 752         }
 753       }
 754     }
 755     if (ds < 0) return s;
 756     if (de < 0) return s[0..ds];
 757     static if (is(T : char[])) {
 758       return s[0..ds]~s[de..$];
 759     } else {
 760       char[] res = s[0..ds].dup;
 761       res ~= s[de..$];
 762       return cast(T)res; // it is safe to cast here
 763     }
 764   }
 765 }
 766
 767
 768 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 769 public T utfChopToSize(T:const(char)[]) (T s, int maxsize=255) nothrow @trusted {
 770   static if (is(T == typeof(null))) {
 771     return s;
 772   } else {
 773     if (maxsize < 1) return null;
 774     if (s.length <= maxsize) return s;
 775     // this is slow, but i don't care
 776     while (s.length > maxsize) s = s.utfchop;
 777     // add "..."
 778     if (maxsize > 3) {
 779       while (s.length > maxsize-3) s = s.utfchop;
 780       static if (is(T == const(char)[])) {
 781         return cast(T)(s.dup~"...");
 782       } else {
 783         return cast(T)(s~"...");
 784       }
 785     }
 786     return s;
 787   }
 788 }
 789
 790
 791 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 792 // various one-byte encoding things, 'cause why not?
 793
 794
 795 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 796 public immutable char[256] koi8from866Table = [
 797   '\x00','\x01','\x02','\x03','\x04','\x05','\x06','\x07','\x08','\x09','\x0a','\x0b','\x0c','\x0d','\x0e','\x0f',
 798   '\x10','\x11','\x12','\x13','\x14','\x15','\x16','\x17','\x18','\x19','\x1a','\x1b','\x1c','\x1d','\x1e','\x1f',
 799   '\x20','\x21','\x22','\x23','\x24','\x25','\x26','\x27','\x28','\x29','\x2a','\x2b','\x2c','\x2d','\x2e','\x2f',
 800   '\x30','\x31','\x32','\x33','\x34','\x35','\x36','\x37','\x38','\x39','\x3a','\x3b','\x3c','\x3d','\x3e','\x3f',
 801   '\x40','\x41','\x42','\x43','\x44','\x45','\x46','\x47','\x48','\x49','\x4a','\x4b','\x4c','\x4d','\x4e','\x4f',
 802   '\x50','\x51','\x52','\x53','\x54','\x55','\x56','\x57','\x58','\x59','\x5a','\x5b','\x5c','\x5d','\x5e','\x5f',
 803   '\x60','\x61','\x62','\x63','\x64','\x65','\x66','\x67','\x68','\x69','\x6a','\x6b','\x6c','\x6d','\x6e','\x6f',
 804   '\x70','\x71','\x72','\x73','\x74','\x75','\x76','\x77','\x78','\x79','\x7a','\x7b','\x7c','\x7d','\x7e','\x7f',
 805   '\xe1','\xe2','\xf7','\xe7','\xe4','\xe5','\xf6','\xfa','\xe9','\xea','\xeb','\xec','\xed','\xee','\xef','\xf0',
 806   '\xf2','\xf3','\xf4','\xf5','\xe6','\xe8','\xe3','\xfe','\xfb','\xfd','\xff','\xf9','\xf8','\xfc','\xe0','\xf1',
 807   '\xc1','\xc2','\xd7','\xc7','\xc4','\xc5','\xd6','\xda','\xc9','\xca','\xcb','\xcc','\xcd','\xce','\xcf','\xd0',
 808   '\x90','\x91','\x92','\x81','\x87','\xb2','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\xb5','\xa1','\xa8','\xae','\x3f','\xac','\x83',
 809   '\x84','\x89','\x88','\x86','\x80','\x8a','\xaf','\xb0','\xab','\xa5','\xbb','\xb8','\xb1','\xa0','\xbe','\xb9',
 810   '\xba','\x3f','\x3f','\xaa','\xa9','\xa2','\x3f','\x3f','\xbc','\x85','\x82','\x8d','\x8c','\x8e','\x8f','\x8b',
 811   '\xd2','\xd3','\xd4','\xd5','\xc6','\xc8','\xc3','\xde','\xdb','\xdd','\xdf','\xd9','\xd8','\xdc','\xc0','\xd1',
 812   '\xb3','\xa3','\xb4','\xa4','\xb7','\xa7','\x3f','\x3f','\x9c','\x95','\x9e','\x96','\x3f','\x3f','\x94','\x9a',
 813 ];
 814
 815 public immutable char[256] koi8from1251Table = [
 816   '\x00','\x01','\x02','\x03','\x04','\x05','\x06','\x07','\x08','\x09','\x0a','\x0b','\x0c','\x0d','\x0e','\x0f',
 817   '\x10','\x11','\x12','\x13','\x14','\x15','\x16','\x17','\x18','\x19','\x1a','\x1b','\x1c','\x1d','\x1e','\x1f',
 818   '\x20','\x21','\x22','\x23','\x24','\x25','\x26','\x27','\x28','\x29','\x2a','\x2b','\x2c','\x2d','\x2e','\x2f',
 819   '\x30','\x31','\x32','\x33','\x34','\x35','\x36','\x37','\x38','\x39','\x3a','\x3b','\x3c','\x3d','\x3e','\x3f',
 820   '\x40','\x41','\x42','\x43','\x44','\x45','\x46','\x47','\x48','\x49','\x4a','\x4b','\x4c','\x4d','\x4e','\x4f',
 821   '\x50','\x51','\x52','\x53','\x54','\x55','\x56','\x57','\x58','\x59','\x5a','\x5b','\x5c','\x5d','\x5e','\x5f',
 822   '\x60','\x61','\x62','\x63','\x64','\x65','\x66','\x67','\x68','\x69','\x6a','\x6b','\x6c','\x6d','\x6e','\x6f',
 823   '\x70','\x71','\x72','\x73','\x74','\x75','\x76','\x77','\x78','\x79','\x7a','\x7b','\x7c','\x7d','\x7e','\x7f',
 824   '\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f',
 825   '\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f',
 826   '\x9a','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\xbd','\x3f','\x3f','\xb3','\xbf','\xb4','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\xb7',
 827   '\x9c','\x3f','\xb6','\xa6','\xad','\x3f','\x3f','\x9e','\xa3','\x3f','\xa4','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\x3f','\xa7',
 828   '\xe1','\xe2','\xf7','\xe7','\xe4','\xe5','\xf6','\xfa','\xe9','\xea','\xeb','\xec','\xed','\xee','\xef','\xf0',
 829   '\xf2','\xf3','\xf4','\xf5','\xe6','\xe8','\xe3','\xfe','\xfb','\xfd','\xff','\xf9','\xf8','\xfc','\xe0','\xf1',
 830   '\xc1','\xc2','\xd7','\xc7','\xc4','\xc5','\xd6','\xda','\xc9','\xca','\xcb','\xcc','\xcd','\xce','\xcf','\xd0',
 831   '\xd2','\xd3','\xd4','\xd5','\xc6','\xc8','\xc3','\xde','\xdb','\xdd','\xdf','\xd9','\xd8','\xdc','\xc0','\xd1',
 832 ];
 833
 834 // char toupper/tolower, koi8
 835 public immutable char[256] koi8tolowerTable = [
 836   '\x00','\x01','\x02','\x03','\x04','\x05','\x06','\x07','\x08','\x09','\x0a','\x0b','\x0c','\x0d','\x0e','\x0f',
 837   '\x10','\x11','\x12','\x13','\x14','\x15','\x16','\x17','\x18','\x19','\x1a','\x1b','\x1c','\x1d','\x1e','\x1f',
 838   '\x20','\x21','\x22','\x23','\x24','\x25','\x26','\x27','\x28','\x29','\x2a','\x2b','\x2c','\x2d','\x2e','\x2f',
 839   '\x30','\x31','\x32','\x33','\x34','\x35','\x36','\x37','\x38','\x39','\x3a','\x3b','\x3c','\x3d','\x3e','\x3f',
 840   '\x40','\x61','\x62','\x63','\x64','\x65','\x66','\x67','\x68','\x69','\x6a','\x6b','\x6c','\x6d','\x6e','\x6f',
 841   '\x70','\x71','\x72','\x73','\x74','\x75','\x76','\x77','\x78','\x79','\x7a','\x5b','\x5c','\x5d','\x5e','\x5f',
 842   '\x60','\x61','\x62','\x63','\x64','\x65','\x66','\x67','\x68','\x69','\x6a','\x6b','\x6c','\x6d','\x6e','\x6f',
 843   '\x70','\x71','\x72','\x73','\x74','\x75','\x76','\x77','\x78','\x79','\x7a','\x7b','\x7c','\x7d','\x7e','\x7f',
 844   '\x80','\x81','\x82','\x83','\x84','\x85','\x86','\x87','\x88','\x89','\x8a','\x8b','\x8c','\x8d','\x8e','\x8f',
 845   '\x90','\x91','\x92','\x93','\x94','\x95','\x96','\x97','\x98','\x99','\x9a','\x9b','\x9c','\x9d','\x9e','\x9f',
 846   '\xa0','\xa1','\xa2','\xa3','\xa4','\xa5','\xa6','\xa7','\xa8','\xa9','\xaa','\xab','\xac','\xad','\xae','\xaf',
 847   '\xb0','\xb1','\xb2','\xa3','\xa4','\xb5','\xa6','\xa7','\xb8','\xb9','\xba','\xbb','\xbc','\xad','\xbe','\xbf',
 848   '\xc0','\xc1','\xc2','\xc3','\xc4','\xc5','\xc6','\xc7','\xc8','\xc9','\xca','\xcb','\xcc','\xcd','\xce','\xcf',
 849   '\xd0','\xd1','\xd2','\xd3','\xd4','\xd5','\xd6','\xd7','\xd8','\xd9','\xda','\xdb','\xdc','\xdd','\xde','\xdf',
 850   '\xc0','\xc1','\xc2','\xc3','\xc4','\xc5','\xc6','\xc7','\xc8','\xc9','\xca','\xcb','\xcc','\xcd','\xce','\xcf',
 851   '\xd0','\xd1','\xd2','\xd3','\xd4','\xd5','\xd6','\xd7','\xd8','\xd9','\xda','\xdb','\xdc','\xdd','\xde','\xdf',
 852 ];
 853
 854 public immutable char[256] koi8toupperTable = [
 855   '\x00','\x01','\x02','\x03','\x04','\x05','\x06','\x07','\x08','\x09','\x0a','\x0b','\x0c','\x0d','\x0e','\x0f',
 856   '\x10','\x11','\x12','\x13','\x14','\x15','\x16','\x17','\x18','\x19','\x1a','\x1b','\x1c','\x1d','\x1e','\x1f',
 857   '\x20','\x21','\x22','\x23','\x24','\x25','\x26','\x27','\x28','\x29','\x2a','\x2b','\x2c','\x2d','\x2e','\x2f',
 858   '\x30','\x31','\x32','\x33','\x34','\x35','\x36','\x37','\x38','\x39','\x3a','\x3b','\x3c','\x3d','\x3e','\x3f',
 859   '\x40','\x41','\x42','\x43','\x44','\x45','\x46','\x47','\x48','\x49','\x4a','\x4b','\x4c','\x4d','\x4e','\x4f',
 860   '\x50','\x51','\x52','\x53','\x54','\x55','\x56','\x57','\x58','\x59','\x5a','\x5b','\x5c','\x5d','\x5e','\x5f',
 861   '\x60','\x41','\x42','\x43','\x44','\x45','\x46','\x47','\x48','\x49','\x4a','\x4b','\x4c','\x4d','\x4e','\x4f',
 862   '\x50','\x51','\x52','\x53','\x54','\x55','\x56','\x57','\x58','\x59','\x5a','\x7b','\x7c','\x7d','\x7e','\x7f',
 863   '\x80','\x81','\x82','\x83','\x84','\x85','\x86','\x87','\x88','\x89','\x8a','\x8b','\x8c','\x8d','\x8e','\x8f',
 864   '\x90','\x91','\x92','\x93','\x94','\x95','\x96','\x97','\x98','\x99','\x9a','\x9b','\x9c','\x9d','\x9e','\x9f',
 865   '\xa0','\xa1','\xa2','\xb3','\xb4','\xa5','\xb6','\xb7','\xa8','\xa9','\xaa','\xab','\xac','\xbd','\xae','\xaf',
 866   '\xb0','\xb1','\xb2','\xb3','\xb4','\xb5','\xb6','\xb7','\xb8','\xb9','\xba','\xbb','\xbc','\xbd','\xbe','\xbf',
 867   '\xe0','\xe1','\xe2','\xe3','\xe4','\xe5','\xe6','\xe7','\xe8','\xe9','\xea','\xeb','\xec','\xed','\xee','\xef',
 868   '\xf0','\xf1','\xf2','\xf3','\xf4','\xf5','\xf6','\xf7','\xf8','\xf9','\xfa','\xfb','\xfc','\xfd','\xfe','\xff',
 869   '\xe0','\xe1','\xe2','\xe3','\xe4','\xe5','\xe6','\xe7','\xe8','\xe9','\xea','\xeb','\xec','\xed','\xee','\xef',
 870   '\xf0','\xf1','\xf2','\xf3','\xf4','\xf5','\xf6','\xf7','\xf8','\xf9','\xfa','\xfb','\xfc','\xfd','\xfe','\xff',
 871 ];
 872
 873 public immutable ubyte[32] koi8alphaTable = [
 874   0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0x07,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0x07,
 875   0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xd8,0x20,0xd8,0x20,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
 876 ];
 877
 878 public char koi8lower (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 879   pragma(inline, true);
 880   return koi8tolowerTable.ptr[cast(int)ch];
 881 }
 882
 883 public char koi8upper (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 884   pragma(inline, true);
 885   return koi8toupperTable.ptr[cast(int)ch];
 886 }
 887
 888 public bool koi8isAlpha (char ch) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
 889   pragma(inline, true);
 890   return ((koi8alphaTable.ptr[ch/8]&(1<<(ch%8))) != 0);
 891 }
 892
 893
 894 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 895 // supports cyrillic
 896 public dchar simpleUniLower (immutable dchar ch) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
 897   pragma(inline, true);
 898   return
 899     ((ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || (ch >= 0x0410 && ch <= 0x042F)) ? ch+32 :
 900     (ch >= 0x0400 && ch <= 0x040F) ? ch+0x0050 :
 901     ch;
 902 }
 903
 904 // supports cyrillic
 905 public dchar simpleUniUpper (immutable dchar ch) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
 906   pragma(inline, true);
 907   return
 908     ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 0x0430 && ch <= 0x044F)) ? ch-32 :
 909     (ch >= 0x0450 && ch <= 0x045F) ? ch-0x0050 :
 910     ch;
 911 }
 912
 913
 914 public bool isCyrillicUniUp (immutable dchar ch) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
 915   pragma(inline, true);
 916   return (ch >= 0x0400 && ch <= 0x042F);
 917 }
 918
 919 public bool isCyrillicUniLo (immutable dchar ch) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
 920   pragma(inline, true);
 921   return (ch >= 0x0430 && ch <= 0x045F);
 922 }
 923
 924
 925 // rejects some cyrillic chars i'm not interested in
 926 public bool isValidCyrillicUni (immutable dchar ch) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
 927   pragma(inline, true);
 928   return
 929     (ch >= 0x0410 && ch <= 0x044F) ||
 930     // some special cyrillic chars
 931     ch == 0x0401 || ch == 0x0404 || ch == 0x0406 || ch == 0x0407 || ch == 0x040E ||
 932     ch == 0x0451 || ch == 0x0454 || ch == 0x0456 || ch == 0x0457 || ch == 0x045E;
 933 }
 934
 935
 936 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 937 // replaces univalid UTF chars with `?`
 938 public T simpleUTFToLower(T:const(char)[]) (T s) pure nothrow @trusted {
 939   static if (is(T == typeof(null))) {
 940     return null;
 941   } else {
 942     bool needASCII = false, needUTF = false;
 943     foreach (immutable char ch; s) {
 944       if (ch >= 128) { needUTF = true; break; }
 945       if (!needASCII && ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') needASCII = true;
 946     }
 947     // has some utf?
 948     if (needUTF) {
 949       // recode utf
 950       char[] res;
 951       res.reserve(s.length);
 952       for (usize idx = 0; idx < s.length; ) {
 953         char ch = s.ptr[idx++];
 954         if (ch < 128) {
 955           if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ch += 32;
 956           res ~= ch;
 957         } else {
 958           // try to decode UTF-8
 959           Utf8DecoderFast dc;
 960           usize upos = idx-1;
 961           do { dc.decode(cast(ubyte)s.ptr[upos++]);} while (upos < s.length && !dc.completeOrInvalid);
 962           //{ import std.stdio; writeln(dc.codepoint, " : ", isCyrillicUniUp(dc.codepoint)); }
 963           if (!dc.complete || !isCyrillicUniUp(dc.codepoint)) {
 964             // so other utf bytes will be invalid, and copied as-is
 965             res ~= ch;
 966           } else {
 967             // locase cyrillic
 968             immutable dchar lodch = simpleUniLower(dc.codepoint);
 969             char[4] buf = void;
 970             foreach (immutable uch; buf[0..cast(usize)utf8Encode(buf[], lodch)]) res ~= uch;
 971             idx = upos;
 972           }
 973         }
 974       }
 975       return cast(T)res; // it is safe to cast here
 976     } else if (needASCII) {
 977       // only ascii
 978       char[] res = new char[s.length];
 979       res[] = s[];
 980       foreach (ref char ch; res) if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ch += 32;
 981       return cast(T)res; // it is safe to cast here
 982     } else {
 983       // nothing to do
 984       return s;
 985     }
 986   }
 987 }
 988
 989 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
 990 // replaces univalid UTF chars with `?`
 991 public T simpleUTFToUpper(T:const(char)[]) (T s) pure nothrow @trusted {
 992   static if (is(T == typeof(null))) {
 993     return null;
 994   } else {
 995     bool needASCII = false, needUTF = false;
 996     foreach (immutable char ch; s) {
 997       if (ch >= 128) { needUTF = true; break; }
 998       if (!needASCII && ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') needASCII = true;
 999     }
1000     // has some utf?
1001     if (needUTF) {
1002       // recode utf
1003       char[] res;
1004       res.reserve(s.length);
1005       for (usize idx = 0; idx < s.length; ) {
1006         char ch = s.ptr[idx++];
1007         if (ch < 128) {
1008           if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') ch -= 32;
1009           res ~= ch;
1010         } else {
1011           // try to decode UTF-8
1012           Utf8DecoderFast dc;
1013           usize upos = idx-1;
1014           do { dc.decode(cast(ubyte)s.ptr[upos++]);} while (upos < s.length && !dc.completeOrInvalid);
1015           if (!dc.complete || !isCyrillicUniLo(dc.codepoint)) {
1016             // so other utf bytes will be invalid, and copied as-is
1017             res ~= ch;
1018           } else {
1019             // locase cyrillic
1020             immutable dchar lodch = simpleUniUpper(dc.codepoint);
1021             char[4] buf = void;
1022             foreach (immutable uch; buf[0..cast(usize)utf8Encode(buf[], lodch)]) res ~= uch;
1023             idx = upos;
1024           }
1025         }
1026       }
1027       return cast(T)res; // it is safe to cast here
1028     } else if (needASCII) {
1029       // only ascii
1030       char[] res = new char[s.length];
1031       res[] = s[];
1032       foreach (ref char ch; res) if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') ch -= 32;
1033       return cast(T)res; // it is safe to cast here
1034     } else {
1035       // nothing to do
1036       return s;
1037     }
1038   }
1039 }
1040
1041
1042 unittest {
1043   //import std.stdio; writeln(simpleUTFToLower("Alice И Miriel"));
1044   assert(simpleUTFToLower("Alice And Miriel") == "alice and miriel");
1045   assert(simpleUTFToLower("Alice И Miriel") == "alice и miriel");
1046
1047   assert(simpleUTFToUpper("Alice And Miriel") == "ALICE AND MIRIEL");
1048   assert(simpleUTFToUpper("Alice и Miriel") == "ALICE И MIRIEL");
1049 }
1050
1051
1052 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //
1053 // simple translit (including for cyrillic)
1054 private align(1) struct TransInfo {
1055 align(1):
1056  uint cFrom;
1057  uint cTo;
1058 }
1059
1060 private static immutable TransInfo[389] translit = [
1061   TransInfo(0x00A0, 0x000020),  /*   to   */
1062   TransInfo(0x00B5, 0x000075),  /* µ to u */
1063   TransInfo(0x00C0, 0x000041),  /* À to A */
1064   TransInfo(0x00C1, 0x000041),  /* Á to A */
1065   TransInfo(0x00C2, 0x000041),  /* Â to A */
1066   TransInfo(0x00C3, 0x000041),  /* Ã to A */
1067   TransInfo(0x00C4, 0x006541),  /* Ä to Ae */
1068   TransInfo(0x00C5, 0x006141),  /* Å to Aa */
1069   TransInfo(0x00C6, 0x004541),  /* Æ to AE */
1070   TransInfo(0x00C7, 0x000043),  /* Ç to C */
1071   TransInfo(0x00C8, 0x000045),  /* È to E */
1072   TransInfo(0x00C9, 0x000045),  /* É to E */
1073   TransInfo(0x00CA, 0x000045),  /* Ê to E */
1074   TransInfo(0x00CB, 0x000045),  /* Ë to E */
1075   TransInfo(0x00CC, 0x000049),  /* Ì to I */
1076   TransInfo(0x00CD, 0x000049),  /* Í to I */
1077   TransInfo(0x00CE, 0x000049),  /* Î to I */
1078   TransInfo(0x00CF, 0x000049),  /* Ï to I */
1079   TransInfo(0x00D0, 0x000044),  /* Ð to D */
1080   TransInfo(0x00D1, 0x00004E),  /* Ñ to N */
1081   TransInfo(0x00D2, 0x00004F),  /* Ò to O */
1082   TransInfo(0x00D3, 0x00004F),  /* Ó to O */
1083   TransInfo(0x00D4, 0x00004F),  /* Ô to O */
1084   TransInfo(0x00D5, 0x00004F),  /* Õ to O */
1085   TransInfo(0x00D6, 0x00654F),  /* Ö to Oe */
1086   TransInfo(0x00D7, 0x000078),  /* × to x */
1087   TransInfo(0x00D8, 0x00004F),  /* Ø to O */
1088   TransInfo(0x00D9, 0x000055),  /* Ù to U */
1089   TransInfo(0x00DA, 0x000055),  /* Ú to U */
1090   TransInfo(0x00DB, 0x000055),  /* Û to U */
1091   TransInfo(0x00DC, 0x006555),  /* Ü to Ue */
1092   TransInfo(0x00DD, 0x000059),  /* Ý to Y */
1093   TransInfo(0x00DE, 0x006854),  /* Þ to Th */
1094   TransInfo(0x00DF, 0x007373),  /* ß to ss */
1095   TransInfo(0x00E0, 0x000061),  /* à to a */
1096   TransInfo(0x00E1, 0x000061),  /* á to a */
1097   TransInfo(0x00E2, 0x000061),  /* â to a */
1098   TransInfo(0x00E3, 0x000061),  /* ã to a */
1099   TransInfo(0x00E4, 0x006561),  /* ä to ae */
1100   TransInfo(0x00E5, 0x006161),  /* å to aa */
1101   TransInfo(0x00E6, 0x006561),  /* æ to ae */
1102   TransInfo(0x00E7, 0x000063),  /* ç to c */
1103   TransInfo(0x00E8, 0x000065),  /* è to e */
1104   TransInfo(0x00E9, 0x000065),  /* é to e */
1105   TransInfo(0x00EA, 0x000065),  /* ê to e */
1106   TransInfo(0x00EB, 0x000065),  /* ë to e */
1107   TransInfo(0x00EC, 0x000069),  /* ì to i */
1108   TransInfo(0x00ED, 0x000069),  /* í to i */
1109   TransInfo(0x00EE, 0x000069),  /* î to i */
1110   TransInfo(0x00EF, 0x000069),  /* ï to i */
1111   TransInfo(0x00F0, 0x000064),  /* ð to d */
1112   TransInfo(0x00F1, 0x00006E),  /* ñ to n */
1113   TransInfo(0x00F2, 0x00006F),  /* ò to o */
1114   TransInfo(0x00F3, 0x00006F),  /* ó to o */
1115   TransInfo(0x00F4, 0x00006F),  /* ô to o */
1116   TransInfo(0x00F5, 0x00006F),  /* õ to o */
1117   TransInfo(0x00F6, 0x00656F),  /* ö to oe */
1118   TransInfo(0x00F7, 0x00003A),  /* ÷ to : */
1119   TransInfo(0x00F8, 0x00006F),  /* ø to o */
1120   TransInfo(0x00F9, 0x000075),  /* ù to u */
1121   TransInfo(0x00FA, 0x000075),  /* ú to u */
1122   TransInfo(0x00FB, 0x000075),  /* û to u */
1123   TransInfo(0x00FC, 0x006575),  /* ü to ue */
1124   TransInfo(0x00FD, 0x000079),  /* ý to y */
1125   TransInfo(0x00FE, 0x006874),  /* þ to th */
1126   TransInfo(0x00FF, 0x000079),  /* ÿ to y */
1127   TransInfo(0x0100, 0x000041),  /* Ā to A */
1128   TransInfo(0x0101, 0x000061),  /* ā to a */
1129   TransInfo(0x0102, 0x000041),  /* Ă to A */
1130   TransInfo(0x0103, 0x000061),  /* ă to a */
1131   TransInfo(0x0104, 0x000041),  /* Ą to A */
1132   TransInfo(0x0105, 0x000061),  /* ą to a */
1133   TransInfo(0x0106, 0x000043),  /* Ć to C */
1134   TransInfo(0x0107, 0x000063),  /* ć to c */
1135   TransInfo(0x0108, 0x006843),  /* Ĉ to Ch */
1136   TransInfo(0x0109, 0x006863),  /* ĉ to ch */
1137   TransInfo(0x010A, 0x000043),  /* Ċ to C */
1138   TransInfo(0x010B, 0x000063),  /* ċ to c */
1139   TransInfo(0x010C, 0x000043),  /* Č to C */
1140   TransInfo(0x010D, 0x000063),  /* č to c */
1141   TransInfo(0x010E, 0x000044),  /* Ď to D */
1142   TransInfo(0x010F, 0x000064),  /* ď to d */
1143   TransInfo(0x0110, 0x000044),  /* Đ to D */
1144   TransInfo(0x0111, 0x000064),  /* đ to d */
1145   TransInfo(0x0112, 0x000045),  /* Ē to E */
1146   TransInfo(0x0113, 0x000065),  /* ē to e */
1147   TransInfo(0x0114, 0x000045),  /* Ĕ to E */
1148   TransInfo(0x0115, 0x000065),  /* ĕ to e */
1149   TransInfo(0x0116, 0x000045),  /* Ė to E */
1150   TransInfo(0x0117, 0x000065),  /* ė to e */
1151   TransInfo(0x0118, 0x000045),  /* Ę to E */
1152   TransInfo(0x0119, 0x000065),  /* ę to e */
1153   TransInfo(0x011A, 0x000045),  /* Ě to E */
1154   TransInfo(0x011B, 0x000065),  /* ě to e */
1155   TransInfo(0x011C, 0x006847),  /* Ĝ to Gh */
1156   TransInfo(0x011D, 0x006867),  /* ĝ to gh */
1157   TransInfo(0x011E, 0x000047),  /* Ğ to G */
1158   TransInfo(0x011F, 0x000067),  /* ğ to g */
1159   TransInfo(0x0120, 0x000047),  /* Ġ to G */
1160   TransInfo(0x0121, 0x000067),  /* ġ to g */
1161   TransInfo(0x0122, 0x000047),  /* Ģ to G */
1162   TransInfo(0x0123, 0x000067),  /* ģ to g */
1163   TransInfo(0x0124, 0x006848),  /* Ĥ to Hh */
1164   TransInfo(0x0125, 0x006868),  /* ĥ to hh */
1165   TransInfo(0x0126, 0x000048),  /* Ħ to H */
1166   TransInfo(0x0127, 0x000068),  /* ħ to h */
1167   TransInfo(0x0128, 0x000049),  /* Ĩ to I */
1168   TransInfo(0x0129, 0x000069),  /* ĩ to i */
1169   TransInfo(0x012A, 0x000049),  /* Ī to I */
1170   TransInfo(0x012B, 0x000069),  /* ī to i */
1171   TransInfo(0x012C, 0x000049),  /* Ĭ to I */
1172   TransInfo(0x012D, 0x000069),  /* ĭ to i */
1173   TransInfo(0x012E, 0x000049),  /* Į to I */
1174   TransInfo(0x012F, 0x000069),  /* į to i */
1175   TransInfo(0x0130, 0x000049),  /* İ to I */
1176   TransInfo(0x0131, 0x000069),  /* ı to i */
1177   TransInfo(0x0132, 0x004A49),  /* Ĳ to IJ */
1178   TransInfo(0x0133, 0x006A69),  /* ĳ to ij */
1179   TransInfo(0x0134, 0x00684A),  /* Ĵ to Jh */
1180   TransInfo(0x0135, 0x00686A),  /* ĵ to jh */
1181   TransInfo(0x0136, 0x00004B),  /* Ķ to K */
1182   TransInfo(0x0137, 0x00006B),  /* ķ to k */
1183   TransInfo(0x0138, 0x00006B),  /* ĸ to k */
1184   TransInfo(0x0139, 0x00004C),  /* Ĺ to L */
1185   TransInfo(0x013A, 0x00006C),  /* ĺ to l */
1186   TransInfo(0x013B, 0x00004C),  /* Ļ to L */
1187   TransInfo(0x013C, 0x00006C),  /* ļ to l */
1188   TransInfo(0x013D, 0x00004C),  /* Ľ to L */
1189   TransInfo(0x013E, 0x00006C),  /* ľ to l */
1190   TransInfo(0x013F, 0x002E4C),  /* Ŀ to L. */
1191   TransInfo(0x0140, 0x002E6C),  /* ŀ to l. */
1192   TransInfo(0x0141, 0x00004C),  /* Ł to L */
1193   TransInfo(0x0142, 0x00006C),  /* ł to l */
1194   TransInfo(0x0143, 0x00004E),  /* Ń to N */
1195   TransInfo(0x0144, 0x00006E),  /* ń to n */
1196   TransInfo(0x0145, 0x00004E),  /* Ņ to N */
1197   TransInfo(0x0146, 0x00006E),  /* ņ to n */
1198   TransInfo(0x0147, 0x00004E),  /* Ň to N */
1199   TransInfo(0x0148, 0x00006E),  /* ň to n */
1200   TransInfo(0x0149, 0x006E27),  /* ŉ to 'n */
1201   TransInfo(0x014A, 0x00474E),  /* Ŋ to NG */
1202   TransInfo(0x014B, 0x00676E),  /* ŋ to ng */
1203   TransInfo(0x014C, 0x00004F),  /* Ō to O */
1204   TransInfo(0x014D, 0x00006F),  /* ō to o */
1205   TransInfo(0x014E, 0x00004F),  /* Ŏ to O */
1206   TransInfo(0x014F, 0x00006F),  /* ŏ to o */
1207   TransInfo(0x0150, 0x00004F),  /* Ő to O */
1208   TransInfo(0x0151, 0x00006F),  /* ő to o */
1209   TransInfo(0x0152, 0x00454F),  /* Œ to OE */
1210   TransInfo(0x0153, 0x00656F),  /* œ to oe */
1211   TransInfo(0x0154, 0x000052),  /* Ŕ to R */
1212   TransInfo(0x0155, 0x000072),  /* ŕ to r */
1213   TransInfo(0x0156, 0x000052),  /* Ŗ to R */
1214   TransInfo(0x0157, 0x000072),  /* ŗ to r */
1215   TransInfo(0x0158, 0x000052),  /* Ř to R */
1216   TransInfo(0x0159, 0x000072),  /* ř to r */
1217   TransInfo(0x015A, 0x000053),  /* Ś to S */
1218   TransInfo(0x015B, 0x000073),  /* ś to s */
1219   TransInfo(0x015C, 0x006853),  /* Ŝ to Sh */
1220   TransInfo(0x015D, 0x006873),  /* ŝ to sh */
1221   TransInfo(0x015E, 0x000053),  /* Ş to S */
1222   TransInfo(0x015F, 0x000073),  /* ş to s */
1223   TransInfo(0x0160, 0x000053),  /* Š to S */
1224   TransInfo(0x0161, 0x000073),  /* š to s */
1225   TransInfo(0x0162, 0x000054),  /* Ţ to T */
1226   TransInfo(0x0163, 0x000074),  /* ţ to t */
1227   TransInfo(0x0164, 0x000054),  /* Ť to T */
1228   TransInfo(0x0165, 0x000074),  /* ť to t */
1229   TransInfo(0x0166, 0x000054),  /* Ŧ to T */
1230   TransInfo(0x0167, 0x000074),  /* ŧ to t */
1231   TransInfo(0x0168, 0x000055),  /* Ũ to U */
1232   TransInfo(0x0169, 0x000075),  /* ũ to u */
1233   TransInfo(0x016A, 0x000055),  /* Ū to U */
1234   TransInfo(0x016B, 0x000075),  /* ū to u */
1235   TransInfo(0x016C, 0x000055),  /* Ŭ to U */
1236   TransInfo(0x016D, 0x000075),  /* ŭ to u */
1237   TransInfo(0x016E, 0x000055),  /* Ů to U */
1238   TransInfo(0x016F, 0x000075),  /* ů to u */
1239   TransInfo(0x0170, 0x000055),  /* Ű to U */
1240   TransInfo(0x0171, 0x000075),  /* ű to u */
1241   TransInfo(0x0172, 0x000055),  /* Ų to U */
1242   TransInfo(0x0173, 0x000075),  /* ų to u */
1243   TransInfo(0x0174, 0x000057),  /* Ŵ to W */
1244   TransInfo(0x0175, 0x000077),  /* ŵ to w */
1245   TransInfo(0x0176, 0x000059),  /* Ŷ to Y */
1246   TransInfo(0x0177, 0x000079),  /* ŷ to y */
1247   TransInfo(0x0178, 0x000059),  /* Ÿ to Y */
1248   TransInfo(0x0179, 0x00005A),  /* Ź to Z */
1249   TransInfo(0x017A, 0x00007A),  /* ź to z */
1250   TransInfo(0x017B, 0x00005A),  /* Ż to Z */
1251   TransInfo(0x017C, 0x00007A),  /* ż to z */
1252   TransInfo(0x017D, 0x00005A),  /* Ž to Z */
1253   TransInfo(0x017E, 0x00007A),  /* ž to z */
1254   TransInfo(0x017F, 0x000073),  /* ſ to s */
1255   TransInfo(0x0192, 0x000066),  /* ƒ to f */
1256   TransInfo(0x0218, 0x000053),  /* Ș to S */
1257   TransInfo(0x0219, 0x000073),  /* ș to s */
1258   TransInfo(0x021A, 0x000054),  /* Ț to T */
1259   TransInfo(0x021B, 0x000074),  /* ț to t */
1260   TransInfo(0x0386, 0x000041),  /* Ά to A */
1261   TransInfo(0x0388, 0x000045),  /* Έ to E */
1262   TransInfo(0x0389, 0x000049),  /* Ή to I */
1263   TransInfo(0x038A, 0x000049),  /* Ί to I */
1264   TransInfo(0x038C, 0x00004f),  /* Ό to O */
1265   TransInfo(0x038E, 0x000059),  /* Ύ to Y */
1266   TransInfo(0x038F, 0x00004f),  /* Ώ to O */
1267   TransInfo(0x0390, 0x000069),  /* ΐ to i */
1268   TransInfo(0x0391, 0x000041),  /* Α to A */
1269   TransInfo(0x0392, 0x000042),  /* Β to B */
1270   TransInfo(0x0393, 0x000047),  /* Γ to G */
1271   TransInfo(0x0394, 0x000044),  /* Δ to D */
1272   TransInfo(0x0395, 0x000045),  /* Ε to E */
1273   TransInfo(0x0396, 0x00005a),  /* Ζ to Z */
1274   TransInfo(0x0397, 0x000049),  /* Η to I */
1275   TransInfo(0x0398, 0x006854),  /* Θ to Th */
1276   TransInfo(0x0399, 0x000049),  /* Ι to I */
1277   TransInfo(0x039A, 0x00004b),  /* Κ to K */
1278   TransInfo(0x039B, 0x00004c),  /* Λ to L */
1279   TransInfo(0x039C, 0x00004d),  /* Μ to M */
1280   TransInfo(0x039D, 0x00004e),  /* Ν to N */
1281   TransInfo(0x039E, 0x000058),  /* Ξ to X */
1282   TransInfo(0x039F, 0x00004f),  /* Ο to O */
1283   TransInfo(0x03A0, 0x000050),  /* Π to P */
1284   TransInfo(0x03A1, 0x000052),  /* Ρ to R */
1285   TransInfo(0x03A3, 0x000053),  /* Σ to S */
1286   TransInfo(0x03A4, 0x000054),  /* Τ to T */
1287   TransInfo(0x03A5, 0x000059),  /* Υ to Y */
1288   TransInfo(0x03A6, 0x000046),  /* Φ to F */
1289   TransInfo(0x03A7, 0x006843),  /* Χ to Ch */
1290   TransInfo(0x03A8, 0x007350),  /* Ψ to Ps */
1291   TransInfo(0x03A9, 0x00004f),  /* Ω to O */
1292   TransInfo(0x03AA, 0x000049),  /* Ϊ to I */
1293   TransInfo(0x03AB, 0x000059),  /* Ϋ to Y */
1294   TransInfo(0x03AC, 0x000061),  /* ά to a */
1295   TransInfo(0x03AD, 0x000065),  /* έ to e */
1296   TransInfo(0x03AE, 0x000069),  /* ή to i */
1297   TransInfo(0x03AF, 0x000069),  /* ί to i */
1298   TransInfo(0x03B1, 0x000061),  /* α to a */
1299   TransInfo(0x03B2, 0x000062),  /* β to b */
1300   TransInfo(0x03B3, 0x000067),  /* γ to g */
1301   TransInfo(0x03B4, 0x000064),  /* δ to d */
1302   TransInfo(0x03B5, 0x000065),  /* ε to e */
1303   TransInfo(0x03B6, 0x00007a),  /* ζ to z */
1304   TransInfo(0x03B7, 0x000069),  /* η to i */
1305   TransInfo(0x03B8, 0x006874),  /* θ to th */
1306   TransInfo(0x03B9, 0x000069),  /* ι to i */
1307   TransInfo(0x03BA, 0x00006b),  /* κ to k */
1308   TransInfo(0x03BB, 0x00006c),  /* λ to l */
1309   TransInfo(0x03BC, 0x00006d),  /* μ to m */
1310   TransInfo(0x03BD, 0x00006e),  /* ν to n */
1311   TransInfo(0x03BE, 0x000078),  /* ξ to x */
1312   TransInfo(0x03BF, 0x00006f),  /* ο to o */
1313   TransInfo(0x03C0, 0x000070),  /* π to p */
1314   TransInfo(0x03C1, 0x000072),  /* ρ to r */
1315   TransInfo(0x03C3, 0x000073),  /* σ to s */
1316   TransInfo(0x03C4, 0x000074),  /* τ to t */
1317   TransInfo(0x03C5, 0x000079),  /* υ to y */
1318   TransInfo(0x03C6, 0x000066),  /* φ to f */
1319   TransInfo(0x03C7, 0x006863),  /* χ to ch */
1320   TransInfo(0x03C8, 0x007370),  /* ψ to ps */
1321   TransInfo(0x03C9, 0x00006f),  /* ω to o */
1322   TransInfo(0x03CA, 0x000069),  /* ϊ to i */
1323   TransInfo(0x03CB, 0x000079),  /* ϋ to y */
1324   TransInfo(0x03CC, 0x00006f),  /* ό to o */
1325   TransInfo(0x03CD, 0x000079),  /* ύ to y */
1326   TransInfo(0x03CE, 0x000069),  /* ώ to i */
1327   TransInfo(0x0400, 0x004549),  /* Ѐ to IE */
1328   TransInfo(0x0401, 0x004f59),  /* Ё to YO */
1329   TransInfo(0x0402, 0x000044),  /* Ђ to D */
1330   TransInfo(0x0403, 0x000047),  /* Ѓ to G */
1331   TransInfo(0x0404, 0x000045),  /* Є to E */
1332   TransInfo(0x0405, 0x00005a),  /* Ѕ to Z */
1333   TransInfo(0x0406, 0x000049),  /* І to I */
1334   TransInfo(0x0407, 0x004959),  /* Ї to YI */
1335   TransInfo(0x0408, 0x00004a),  /* Ј to J */
1336   TransInfo(0x0409, 0x000049),  /* Љ to I */
1337   TransInfo(0x040A, 0x00004e),  /* Њ to N */
1338   TransInfo(0x040B, 0x000044),  /* Ћ to D */
1339   TransInfo(0x040C, 0x00004b),  /* Ќ to K */
1340   TransInfo(0x040D, 0x000049),  /* Ѝ to I */
1341   TransInfo(0x040E, 0x000056),  /* Ў to V */
1342   TransInfo(0x040F, 0x000044),  /* Џ to D */
1343   TransInfo(0x0410, 0x000041),  /* А to A */
1344   TransInfo(0x0411, 0x000042),  /* Б to B */
1345   TransInfo(0x0412, 0x000056),  /* В to V */
1346   TransInfo(0x0413, 0x000047),  /* Г to G */
1347   TransInfo(0x0414, 0x000044),  /* Д to D */
1348   TransInfo(0x0415, 0x000045),  /* Е to E */
1349   TransInfo(0x0416, 0x00485a),  /* Ж to ZH */
1350   TransInfo(0x0417, 0x00005a),  /* З to Z */
1351   TransInfo(0x0418, 0x000049),  /* И to I */
1352   TransInfo(0x0419, 0x00004a),  /* Й to J */
1353   TransInfo(0x041A, 0x00004b),  /* К to K */
1354   TransInfo(0x041B, 0x00004c),  /* Л to L */
1355   TransInfo(0x041C, 0x00004d),  /* М to M */
1356   TransInfo(0x041D, 0x00004e),  /* Н to N */
1357   TransInfo(0x041E, 0x00004f),  /* О to O */
1358   TransInfo(0x041F, 0x000050),  /* П to P */
1359   TransInfo(0x0420, 0x000052),  /* Р to R */
1360   TransInfo(0x0421, 0x000053),  /* С to S */
1361   TransInfo(0x0422, 0x000054),  /* Т to T */
1362   TransInfo(0x0423, 0x000055),  /* У to U */
1363   TransInfo(0x0424, 0x000046),  /* Ф to F */
1364   TransInfo(0x0425, 0x000048),  /* Х to H */
1365   TransInfo(0x0426, 0x004354),  /* Ц to TC */
1366   TransInfo(0x0427, 0x004843),  /* Ч to CH */
1367   TransInfo(0x0428, 0x004853),  /* Ш to SH */
1368   TransInfo(0x0429, 0x484353),  /* Щ to SCH */
1369   TransInfo(0x042A, 0x000060),  /* Ъ to ` */
1370   TransInfo(0x042B, 0x000059),  /* Ы to Y */
1371   TransInfo(0x042C, 0x000027),  /* Ь to ' */
1372   TransInfo(0x042D, 0x000045),  /* Э to E */
1373   TransInfo(0x042E, 0x00554a),  /* Ю to JU */
1374   TransInfo(0x042F, 0x00414a),  /* Я to JA */
1375   TransInfo(0x0430, 0x000061),  /* а to a */
1376   TransInfo(0x0431, 0x000062),  /* б to b */
1377   TransInfo(0x0432, 0x000076),  /* в to v */
1378   TransInfo(0x0433, 0x000067),  /* г to g */
1379   TransInfo(0x0434, 0x000064),  /* д to d */
1380   TransInfo(0x0435, 0x000065),  /* е to e */
1381   TransInfo(0x0436, 0x00687a),  /* ж to zh */
1382   TransInfo(0x0437, 0x00007a),  /* з to z */
1383   TransInfo(0x0438, 0x000069),  /* и to i */
1384   TransInfo(0x0439, 0x00006a),  /* й to j */
1385   TransInfo(0x043A, 0x00006b),  /* к to k */
1386   TransInfo(0x043B, 0x00006c),  /* л to l */
1387   TransInfo(0x043C, 0x00006d),  /* м to m */
1388   TransInfo(0x043D, 0x00006e),  /* н to n */
1389   TransInfo(0x043E, 0x00006f),  /* о to o */
1390   TransInfo(0x043F, 0x000070),  /* п to p */
1391   TransInfo(0x0440, 0x000072),  /* р to r */
1392   TransInfo(0x0441, 0x000073),  /* с to s */
1393   TransInfo(0x0442, 0x000074),  /* т to t */
1394   TransInfo(0x0443, 0x000075),  /* у to u */
1395   TransInfo(0x0444, 0x000066),  /* ф to f */
1396   TransInfo(0x0445, 0x000068),  /* х to h */
1397   TransInfo(0x0446, 0x006374),  /* ц to tc */
1398   TransInfo(0x0447, 0x006863),  /* ч to ch */
1399   TransInfo(0x0448, 0x006873),  /* ш to sh */
1400   TransInfo(0x0449, 0x686373),  /* щ to sch */
1401   TransInfo(0x044A, 0x000060),  /* ъ to ` */
1402   TransInfo(0x044B, 0x000079),  /* ы to y */
1403   TransInfo(0x044C, 0x000027),  /* ь to ' */
1404   TransInfo(0x044D, 0x000065),  /* э to e */
1405   TransInfo(0x044E, 0x00756a),  /* ю to ju */
1406   TransInfo(0x044F, 0x00616a),  /* я to ja */
1407   TransInfo(0x0450, 0x006569),  /* ѐ to ie */
1408   TransInfo(0x0451, 0x006f79),  /* ё to yo */
1409   TransInfo(0x0452, 0x000064),  /* ђ to d */
1410   TransInfo(0x0453, 0x000067),  /* ѓ to g */
1411   TransInfo(0x0454, 0x000065),  /* є to e */
1412   TransInfo(0x0455, 0x00007a),  /* ѕ to z */
1413   TransInfo(0x0456, 0x000069),  /* і to i */
1414   TransInfo(0x0457, 0x006979),  /* ї to yi */
1415   TransInfo(0x0458, 0x00006a),  /* ј to j */
1416   TransInfo(0x0459, 0x000069),  /* љ to i */
1417   TransInfo(0x045A, 0x00006e),  /* њ to n */
1418   TransInfo(0x045B, 0x000064),  /* ћ to d */
1419   TransInfo(0x045C, 0x00006b),  /* ќ to k */
1420   TransInfo(0x045D, 0x000069),  /* ѝ to i */
1421   TransInfo(0x045E, 0x000076),  /* ў to v */
1422   TransInfo(0x045F, 0x000064),  /* џ to d */
1423   TransInfo(0x1E02, 0x000042),  /* Ḃ to B */
1424   TransInfo(0x1E03, 0x000062),  /* ḃ to b */
1425   TransInfo(0x1E0A, 0x000044),  /* Ḋ to D */
1426   TransInfo(0x1E0B, 0x000064),  /* ḋ to d */
1427   TransInfo(0x1E1E, 0x000046),  /* Ḟ to F */
1428   TransInfo(0x1E1F, 0x000066),  /* ḟ to f */
1429   TransInfo(0x1E40, 0x00004D),  /* Ṁ to M */
1430   TransInfo(0x1E41, 0x00006D),  /* ṁ to m */
1431   TransInfo(0x1E56, 0x000050),  /* Ṗ to P */
1432   TransInfo(0x1E57, 0x000070),  /* ṗ to p */
1433   TransInfo(0x1E60, 0x000053),  /* Ṡ to S */
1434   TransInfo(0x1E61, 0x000073),  /* ṡ to s */
1435   TransInfo(0x1E6A, 0x000054),  /* Ṫ to T */
1436   TransInfo(0x1E6B, 0x000074),  /* ṫ to t */
1437   TransInfo(0x1E80, 0x000057),  /* Ẁ to W */
1438   TransInfo(0x1E81, 0x000077),  /* ẁ to w */
1439   TransInfo(0x1E82, 0x000057),  /* Ẃ to W */
1440   TransInfo(0x1E83, 0x000077),  /* ẃ to w */
1441   TransInfo(0x1E84, 0x000057),  /* Ẅ to W */
1442   TransInfo(0x1E85, 0x000077),  /* ẅ to w */
1443   TransInfo(0x1EF2, 0x000059),  /* Ỳ to Y */
1444   TransInfo(0x1EF3, 0x000079),  /* ỳ to y */
1445   TransInfo(0xFB00, 0x006666),  /* ﬀ to ff */
1446   TransInfo(0xFB01, 0x006966),  /* ﬁ to fi */
1447   TransInfo(0xFB02, 0x006C66),  /* ﬂ to fl */
1448   TransInfo(0xFB05, 0x007473),  /* ﬅ to st */
1449   TransInfo(0xFB06, 0x007473),  /* ﬆ to st */
1450 ];
1451
1452
1453
1454 // returns 0 if not found
1455 private uint findTranslation (const uint src) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
1456   if (src < translit.ptr[0].cFrom || src > translit.ptr[translit.length-1].cFrom) return 0;
1457   uint imin = 0, imax = cast(uint)translit.length-1, cmp;
1458   // continually narrow search until just one element remains
1459   while (imin < imax) {
1460     uint imid = (imin+imax)>>1; // we will never overflow here; no, really!
1461     // note: 0 <= imin < imax implies imid will always be less than imax
1462     // reduce the search
1463     if (translit.ptr[imid].cFrom < src) imin = imid+1; else imax = imid;
1464   }
1465   // At exit of while:
1466   //   if A[] is empty, then imax < imin
1467   //   otherwise imax == imin
1468   // deferred test for equality
1469   return (translit.ptr[imin].cFrom == src ? translit.ptr[imin].cTo : 0);
1470 }
1471
1472
1473 /**
1474 * Convert the input string from UTF-8 into pure ASCII by converting
1475 * all non-ASCII characters to some combination of characters in the
1476 * ASCII subset.
1477 *
1478 * The returned string might contain more characters than the input.
1479 */
1480 public T utfTranslit(T:const(char)[]) (T s) nothrow @trusted {
1481   static if (is(T == typeof(null))) {
1482     return null;
1483   } else {
1484     bool needWork = false;
1485     foreach (immutable char ch; s) if (ch >= 128) { needWork = true; break; }
1486     if (!needWork) return s;
1487     // recode utf
1488     char[] res;
1489     res.reserve(s.length+16);
1490     for (usize idx = 0; idx < s.length; ) {
1491       char ch = s.ptr[idx++];
1492       if (ch < 128) {
1493         res ~= ch;
1494       } else {
1495         // try to decode UTF-8
1496         Utf8DecoderFast dc;
1497         usize upos = idx-1;
1498         do { dc.decode(cast(ubyte)s.ptr[upos++]);} while (upos < s.length && !dc.completeOrInvalid);
1499         if (!dc.complete) {
1500           // so other utf bytes will be invalid, and copied as-is
1501           res ~= ch;
1502         } else {
1503           uint trans = findTranslation(dc.codepoint);
1504           if (trans) {
1505             res ~= cast(char)(trans&0xff);
1506             trans >>= 8;
1507             if (trans&0xff) {
1508               res ~= cast(char)(trans&0xff);
1509               trans >>= 8;
1510               if (trans&0xff) res ~= cast(char)trans;
1511             }
1512             idx = upos;
1513           } else {
1514             // so other utf bytes will be invalid, and copied as-is
1515             res ~= ch;
1516           }
1517         }
1518       }
1519     }
1520     return cast(T)res; // it is safe to cast here
1521   }
1522 }
1523
1524
1525 unittest {
1526   assert(utfTranslit("хУй и пИЗДа!") == "hUj i pIZDa!");
1527   assert(utfTranslit("вставай товаРИЩ, не время для ПОТЕХИ, ш-Ш-щ-Щ-ц-Ц-ё-Ё-й-Й") == "vstavaj tovaRISCH, ne vremja dlja POTEHI, sh-SH-sch-SCH-tc-TC-yo-YO-j-J");
1528 }