1 "LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c
3 :link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
5 :link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)
9 compute temp/cs command :h3
13 compute ID group-ID temp/cs group1 group2 :pre
15 ID, group-ID are documented in "compute"_compute.html command
16 temp/cs = style name of this compute command
17 group1 = group-ID of either cores or shells
18 group2 = group-ID of either shells or cores :ul
22 compute oxygen_c-s all temp/cs O_core O_shell
23 compute core_shells all temp/cs cores shells :pre
27 Define a computation that calculates the temperature of a system based
28 on the center-of-mass velocity of atom pairs that are bonded to each
29 other. This compute is designed to be used with the adiabatic
30 core/shell model of "(Mitchell and Finchham)"_#MitchellFinchham. See
31 "Section 6.25"_Section_howto.html#howto_25 of the manual for an
32 overview of the model as implemented in LAMMPS. Specifically, this
33 compute enables correct temperature calculation and thermostatting of
34 core/shell pairs where it is desirable for the internal degrees of
35 freedom of the core/shell pairs to not be influenced by a thermostat.
36 A compute of this style can be used by any command that computes a
37 temperature via "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html e.g. "fix
38 temp/rescale"_fix_temp_rescale.html, "fix npt"_fix_nh.html, etc.
40 Note that this compute does not require all ions to be polarized,
41 hence defined as core/shell pairs. One can mix core/shell pairs and
42 ions without a satellite particle if desired. The compute will
43 consider the non-polarized ions according to the physical system.
45 For this compute, core and shell particles are specified by two
46 respective group IDs, which can be defined using the
47 "group"_group.html command. The number of atoms in the two groups
48 must be the same and there should be one bond defined between a pair
49 of atoms in the two groups. Non-polarized ions which might also be
50 included in the treated system should not be included into either of
51 these groups, they are taken into account by the {group-ID} (2nd
52 argument) of the compute.
54 The temperature is calculated by the formula KE = dim/2 N k T, where
55 KE = total kinetic energy of the group of atoms (sum of 1/2 m v^2),
56 dim = 2 or 3 = dimensionality of the simulation, N = number of atoms
57 in the group, k = Boltzmann constant, and T = temperature. Note that
58 the velocity of each core or shell atom used in the KE calculation is
59 the velocity of the center-of-mass (COM) of the core/shell pair the
62 A kinetic energy tensor, stored as a 6-element vector, is also
63 calculated by this compute for use in the computation of a pressure
64 tensor. The formula for the components of the tensor is the same as
65 the above formula, except that v^2 is replaced by vx*vy for the xy
66 component, etc. The 6 components of the vector are ordered xx, yy,
67 zz, xy, xz, yz. In contrast to the temperature, the velocity of
68 each core or shell atom is taken individually.
70 The change this fix makes to core/shell atom velocities is essentially
71 computing the temperature after a "bias" has been removed from the
72 velocity of the atoms. This "bias" is the velocity of the atom
73 relative to the COM velocity of the core/shell pair. If this compute
74 is used with a fix command that performs thermostatting then this bias
75 will be subtracted from each atom, thermostatting of the remaining COM
76 velocity will be performed, and the bias will be added back in. This
77 means the thermostating will effectively be performed on the
78 core/shell pairs, instead of on the individual core and shell atoms.
79 Thermostatting fixes that work in this way include "fix
80 nvt"_fix_nh.html, "fix temp/rescale"_fix_temp_rescale.html, "fix
81 temp/berendsen"_fix_temp_berendsen.html, and "fix
82 langevin"_fix_langevin.html.
84 The internal energy of core/shell pairs can be calculated by the
85 "compute temp/chunk"_compute_temp_chunk.html command, if chunks are
86 defined as core/shell pairs. See "Section
87 6.25"_Section_howto.html#howto_25 for more discussion on how to do this.
91 This compute calculates a global scalar (the temperature) and a global
92 vector of length 6 (KE tensor), which can be accessed by indices 1-6.
93 These values can be used by any command that uses global scalar or
94 vector values from a compute as input.
96 The scalar value calculated by this compute is "intensive". The
97 vector values are "extensive".
99 The scalar value will be in temperature "units"_units.html. The
100 vector values will be in energy "units"_units.html.
104 The number of core/shell pairs contributing to the temperature is
105 assumed to be constant for the duration of the run. No fixes should
106 be used which generate new molecules or atoms during a simulation.
110 "compute temp"_compute_temp.html, "compute
111 temp/chunk"_compute_temp_chunk.html
117 :link(MitchellFinchham)
118 [(Mitchell and Finchham)] Mitchell, Finchham, J Phys Condensed Matter,