1 "LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c
3 :link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
5 :link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)
13 fix ID group-ID neb Kspring :pre
15 ID, group-ID are documented in "fix"_fix.html command
16 neb = style name of this fix command
17 Kspring = inter-replica spring constant (force/distance units) :ul
21 fix 1 active neb 10.0 :pre
25 Add inter-replica forces to atoms in the group for a multi-replica
26 simulation run via the "neb"_neb.html command to perform a nudged
27 elastic band (NEB) calculation for transition state finding. Hi-level
28 explanations of NEB are given with the "neb"_neb.html command and in
29 "Section 6.5"_Section_howto.html#howto_5 of the manual. The fix
30 neb command must be used with the "neb" command to define how
31 inter-replica forces are computed.
33 Only the N atoms in the fix group experience inter-replica forces.
34 Atoms in the two end-point replicas do not experience these forces,
35 but those in intermediate replicas do. During the initial stage of
36 NEB, the 3N-length vector of interatomic forces Fi = -Grad(V) acting
37 on the atoms of each intermediate replica I is altered, as described
38 in the "(Henkelman1)"_#Henkelman1 paper, to become:
40 Fi = -Grad(V) + (Grad(V) dot That) That + Kspring (| Ri+i - Ri | - | Ri - Ri-1 |) That :pre
42 Ri are the atomic coordinates of replica I; Ri-1 and Ri+1 are the
43 coordinates of its neighbor replicas. That (t with a hat over it) is
44 the unit "tangent" vector for replica I which is a function of Ri,
45 Ri-1, Ri+1, and the potential energy of the 3 replicas; it points
46 roughly in the direction of (Ri+i - Ri-1); see the
47 "(Henkelman1)"_#Henkelman1 paper for details.
49 The first two terms in the above equation are the component of the
50 interatomic forces perpendicular to the tangent vector. The last term
51 is a spring force between replica I and its neighbors, parallel to the
52 tangent vector direction with the specified spring constant {Kspring}.
54 The effect of the first two terms is to push the atoms of each replica
55 toward the minimum energy path (MEP) of conformational states that
56 transition over the energy barrier. The MEP for an energy barrier is
57 defined as a sequence of 3N-dimensional states which cross the barrier
58 at its saddle point, each of which has a potential energy gradient
59 parallel to the MEP itself.
61 The effect of the last term is to push each replica away from its two
62 neighbors in a direction along the MEP, so that the final set of
63 states are equidistant from each other.
65 During the second stage of NEB, the forces on the N atoms in the
66 replica nearest the top of the energy barrier are altered so that it
67 climbs to the top of the barrier and finds the saddle point. The
68 forces on atoms in this replica are described in the
69 "(Henkelman2)"_#Henkelman2 paper, and become:
71 Fi = -Grad(V) + 2 (Grad(V) dot That) That :pre
73 The inter-replica forces for the other replicas are unchanged from the
76 [Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info:]
78 No information about this fix is written to "binary restart
79 files"_restart.html. None of the "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html options
80 are relevant to this fix. No global or per-atom quantities are stored
81 by this fix for access by various "output
82 commands"_Section_howto.html#howto_15. No parameter of this fix can
83 be used with the {start/stop} keywords of the "run"_run.html command.
85 The forces due to this fix are imposed during an energy minimization,
86 as invoked by the "minimize"_minimize.html command via the
87 "neb"_neb.html command.
91 This command can only be used if LAMMPS was built with the REPLICA
92 package. See the "Making LAMMPS"_Section_start.html#start_3 section
93 for more info on packages.
102 [(Henkelman1)] Henkelman and Jonsson, J Chem Phys, 113, 9978-9985 (2000).
105 [(Henkelman2)] Henkelman, Uberuaga, Jonsson, J Chem Phys, 113,