1 "LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c
3 :link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
5 :link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)
9 fix nve/dotc/langevin command :h3
13 fix ID group-ID nve/dotc/langevin Tstart Tstop damp seed keyword value :pre
15 ID, group-ID are documented in "fix"_fix.html command :ulb,l
16 nve/dotc/langevin = style name of this fix command :l
17 Tstart,Tstop = desired temperature at start/end of run (temperature units) :l
18 damp = damping parameter (time units) :l
19 seed = random number seed to use for white noise (positive integer) :l
21 {angmom} value = factor
22 factor = do thermostat rotational degrees of freedom via the angular momentum and apply numeric scale factor as discussed below :pre
27 fix 1 all nve/dotc/langevin 1.0 1.0 0.03 457145 angmom 10 :pre
31 Apply a rigid-body Langevin-type integrator of the kind "Langevin C"
32 as described in "(Davidchack)"_#Davidchack
33 to a group of atoms, which models an interaction with an implicit background
34 solvent. This command performs Brownian dynamics (BD)
35 via a technique that splits the integration into a deterministic Hamiltonian
36 part and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process for noise and damping.
37 The quaternion degrees of freedom are updated though an evolution
38 operator which performs a rotation in quaternion space, preserves
39 the quaternion norm and is akin to "(Miller)"_#Miller.
41 In terms of syntax this command has been closely modelled on the
42 "fix langevin"_fix_langevin.html and its {angmom} option. But it combines
43 the "fix nve"_fix_nve.html and the "fix langevin"_fix_langevin.html in
44 one single command. The main feature is improved stability
45 over the standard integrator, permitting slightly larger timestep sizes.
47 NOTE: Unlike the "fix langevin"_fix_langevin.html this command performs
48 also time integration of the translational and quaternion degrees of freedom.
50 The total force on each atom will have the form:
54 Fr is proportional to sqrt(Kb T m / (dt damp)) :pre
56 Fc is the conservative force computed via the usual inter-particle
57 interactions ("pair_style"_pair_style.html,
58 "bond_style"_bond_style.html, etc).
60 The Ff and Fr terms are implicitly taken into account by this fix
61 on a per-particle basis.
63 Ff is a frictional drag or viscous damping term proportional to the
64 particle's velocity. The proportionality constant for each atom is
65 computed as m/damp, where m is the mass of the particle and damp is
66 the damping factor specified by the user.
68 Fr is a force due to solvent atoms at a temperature T randomly bumping
69 into the particle. As derived from the fluctuation/dissipation
70 theorem, its magnitude as shown above is proportional to sqrt(Kb T m /
71 dt damp), where Kb is the Boltzmann constant, T is the desired
72 temperature, m is the mass of the particle, dt is the timestep size,
73 and damp is the damping factor. Random numbers are used to randomize
74 the direction and magnitude of this force as described in
75 "(Dunweg)"_#Dunweg, where a uniform random number is used (instead of
76 a Gaussian random number) for speed.
80 {Tstart} and {Tstop} have to be constant values, i.e. they cannot
83 The {damp} parameter is specified in time units and determines how
84 rapidly the temperature is relaxed. For example, a value of 0.03
85 means to relax the temperature in a timespan of (roughly) 0.03 time
86 units tau (see the "units"_units.html command).
87 The damp factor can be thought of as inversely related to the
88 viscosity of the solvent, i.e. a small relaxation time implies a
89 hi-viscosity solvent and vice versa. See the discussion about gamma
90 and viscosity in the documentation for the "fix
91 viscous"_fix_viscous.html command for more details.
93 The random # {seed} must be a positive integer. A Marsaglia random
94 number generator is used. Each processor uses the input seed to
95 generate its own unique seed and its own stream of random numbers.
96 Thus the dynamics of the system will not be identical on two runs on
97 different numbers of processors.
99 The keyword/value option has to be used in the following way:
101 This fix has to be used together with the {angmom} keyword. The
102 particles are always considered to have a finite size.
103 The keyword {angmom} enables thermostatting of the rotational degrees of
104 freedom in addition to the usual translational degrees of freedom.
106 The scale factor after the {angmom} keyword gives the ratio of the rotational to
107 the translational friction coefficient.
109 An example input file can be found in /examples/USER/cgdna/examples/duplex2/.
110 A technical report with more information on this integrator can be found
111 "here"_PDF/USER-CGDNA-overview.pdf.
117 These pair styles can only be used if LAMMPS was built with the
118 USER-CGDNA package and the MOLECULE and ASPHERE package. See the "Making
119 LAMMPS"_Section_start.html#start_3 section for more info on packages.
123 "fix nve"_fix_nve.html, "fix langevin"_fix_langevin.html, "fix nve/dot"_fix_nve_dot.html,
130 [(Davidchack)] R.L Davidchack, T.E. Ouldridge, M.V. Tretyakov. J. Chem. Phys. 142, 144114 (2015).
132 [(Miller)] T. F. Miller III, M. Eleftheriou, P. Pattnaik, A. Ndirango, G. J. Martyna, J. Chem. Phys., 116, 8649-8659 (2002).
134 [(Dunweg)] B. Dunweg, W. Paul, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, 2, 817-27 (1991).