8 # To see a list of typical targets execute "make help"
9 # More info can be located in ./README
10 # Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not
11 # expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file.
13 # Do not print "Entering directory ..."
14 MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
16 # We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking
17 # to get the ordering right.
19 # Most importantly: sub-Makefiles should only ever modify files in
20 # their own directory. If in some directory we have a dependency on
21 # a file in another dir (which doesn't happen often, but it's of
22 # unavoidable when linking the built-in.o targets which finally
23 # turn into vmlinux), we will call a sub make in that other dir, and
24 # after that we are sure that everything which is in that other dir
27 # The only cases where we need to modify files which have global
28 # effects are thus separated out and done before the recursive
29 # descending is started. They are now explicitly listed as the
32 # To put more focus on warnings, be less verbose as default
33 # Use 'make V=1' to see the full commands
36 ifeq ("$(origin V)", "command line")
44 # Call sparse as part of compilation of C files
45 # Use 'make C=1' to enable sparse checking
48 ifeq ("$(origin C)", "command line")
49 KBUILD_CHECKSRC = $(C)
52 ifndef KBUILD_CHECKSRC
56 # Use make M=dir to specify directory of external module to build
57 # Old syntax make ... SUBDIRS=$PWD is still supported
58 # Setting the environment variable KBUILD_EXTMOD take precedence
60 KBUILD_EXTMOD ?= $(SUBDIRS)
63 ifeq ("$(origin M)", "command line")
69 # kbuild supports saving output files in a separate directory.
70 # To locate output files in a separate directory two syntax'es are supported.
71 # In both cases the working directory must be the root of the kernel src.
73 # Use "make O=dir/to/store/output/files/"
75 # 2) Set KBUILD_OUTPUT
76 # Set the environment variable KBUILD_OUTPUT to point to the directory
77 # where the output files shall be placed.
78 # export KBUILD_OUTPUT=dir/to/store/output/files/
81 # The O= assigment takes precedence over the KBUILD_OUTPUT environment variable.
84 # KBUILD_SRC is set on invocation of make in OBJ directory
85 # KBUILD_SRC is not intended to be used by the regular user (for now)
88 # OK, Make called in directory where kernel src resides
89 # Do we want to locate output files in a separate directory?
91 ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
96 # That's our default target when none is given on the command line
100 ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)
101 # Invoke a second make in the output directory, passing relevant variables
102 # check that the output directory actually exists
103 saved-output := $(KBUILD_OUTPUT)
104 KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(shell cd $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && /bin/pwd)
105 $(if $(KBUILD_OUTPUT),, \
106 $(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist))
108 .PHONY: $(MAKECMDGOALS)
110 $(filter-out _all,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all:
111 $(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=),@)$(MAKE) -C $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) \
112 KBUILD_SRC=$(CURDIR) KBUILD_VERBOSE=$(KBUILD_VERBOSE) \
113 KBUILD_CHECK=$(KBUILD_CHECK) KBUILD_EXTMOD="$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)" \
114 -f $(CURDIR)/Makefile $@
116 # Leave processing to above invocation of make
118 endif # ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)
119 endif # ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
121 # We process the rest of the Makefile if this is the final invocation of make
122 ifeq ($(skip-makefile),)
124 # If building an external module we do not care about the all: rule
125 # but instead _all depend on modules
127 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
133 srctree := $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(KBUILD_SRC),$(CURDIR))
135 # FIXME - TOPDIR is obsolete, use srctree/objtree
142 export srctree objtree VPATH TOPDIR
145 space := $(nullstring) # end of line
147 # Take the contents of any files called localversion* and the config
148 # variable CONFIG_LOCALVERSION and append them to KERNELRELEASE. Be
149 # careful not to include files twice if building in the source
150 # directory. LOCALVERSION from the command line override all of this
152 ifeq ($(objtree),$(srctree))
153 localversion-files := $(wildcard $(srctree)/localversion*)
155 localversion-files := $(wildcard $(objtree)/localversion* $(srctree)/localversion*)
158 LOCALVERSION = $(subst $(space),, \
159 $(shell cat /dev/null $(localversion-files)) \
160 $(subst ",,$(CONFIG_LOCALVERSION)))
162 KERNELRELEASE=$(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)$(LOCALVERSION)
164 # SUBARCH tells the usermode build what the underlying arch is. That is set
165 # first, and if a usermode build is happening, the "ARCH=um" on the command
166 # line overrides the setting of ARCH below. If a native build is happening,
167 # then ARCH is assigned, getting whatever value it gets normally, and
168 # SUBARCH is subsequently ignored.
170 SUBARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed -e s/i.86/i386/ -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \
171 -e s/arm.*/arm/ -e s/sa110/arm/ \
172 -e s/s390x/s390/ -e s/parisc64/parisc/ )
174 # Cross compiling and selecting different set of gcc/bin-utils
175 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
177 # When performing cross compilation for other architectures ARCH shall be set
178 # to the target architecture. (See arch/* for the possibilities).
179 # ARCH can be set during invocation of make:
181 # Another way is to have ARCH set in the environment.
182 # The default ARCH is the host where make is executed.
184 # CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used
185 # during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables
186 # are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE).
187 # CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line
188 # make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux-
189 # Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment.
190 # Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
191 # Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
196 # Architecture as present in compile.h
197 UTS_MACHINE := $(ARCH)
199 # SHELL used by kbuild
200 CONFIG_SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; \
201 else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; \
202 else echo sh; fi ; fi)
206 HOSTCFLAGS = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
209 # Decide whether to build built-in, modular, or both.
210 # Normally, just do built-in.
215 # If we have only "make modules", don't compile built-in objects.
216 # When we're building modules with modversions, we need to consider
217 # the built-in objects during the descend as well, in order to
218 # make sure the checksums are uptodate before we record them.
220 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),modules)
221 KBUILD_BUILTIN := $(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),1)
224 # If we have "make <whatever> modules", compile modules
225 # in addition to whatever we do anyway.
226 # Just "make" or "make all" shall build modules as well
228 ifneq ($(filter all _all modules,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
232 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),)
236 export KBUILD_MODULES KBUILD_BUILTIN KBUILD_VERBOSE
237 export KBUILD_CHECKSRC KBUILD_SRC KBUILD_EXTMOD
240 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
242 # Normally, we echo the whole command before executing it. By making
243 # that echo $($(quiet)$(cmd)), we now have the possibility to set
244 # $(quiet) to choose other forms of output instead, e.g.
246 # quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = Compiling $(RELDIR)/$@
247 # cmd_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
249 # If $(quiet) is empty, the whole command will be printed.
250 # If it is set to "quiet_", only the short version will be printed.
251 # If it is set to "silent_", nothing wil be printed at all, since
252 # the variable $(silent_cmd_cc_o_c) doesn't exist.
254 # A simple variant is to prefix commands with $(Q) - that's usefull
255 # for commands that shall be hidden in non-verbose mode.
259 # If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 0 then the above command will be hidden.
260 # If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 1 then the above command is displayed.
262 ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)
270 # If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of
273 ifneq ($(findstring s,$(MAKEFLAGS)),)
277 export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE
280 # cc support functions to be used (only) in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile
281 # See documentation in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
284 # Usage: cflags-y += $(call gcc-option, -march=winchip-c6, -march=i586)
286 cc-option = $(shell if $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(1) -S -o /dev/null -xc /dev/null \
287 > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "$(1)"; else echo "$(2)"; fi ;)
289 # For backward compatibility
290 check_gcc = $(warning check_gcc is deprecated - use cc-option) \
291 $(call cc-option, $(1),$(2))
294 # Usage: flag := $(call gcc-option-yn, -march=winchip-c6)
295 cc-option-yn = $(shell if $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(1) -S -o /dev/null -xc /dev/null \
296 > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "y"; else echo "n"; fi;)
299 # Usage gcc-ver := $(call cc-version $(CC))
300 cc-version = $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-version.sh \
301 $(if $(1), $(1), $(CC)))
304 # Look for make include files relative to root of kernel src
305 MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(srctree)
307 # For maximum performance (+ possibly random breakage, uncomment
312 # Make variables (CC, etc...)
314 AS = $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
315 LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
316 CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
318 AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
319 NM = $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
320 STRIP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
321 OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
322 OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
324 GENKSYMS = scripts/genksyms/genksyms
325 DEPMOD = /sbin/depmod
326 KALLSYMS = scripts/kallsyms
329 CHECKFLAGS := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__
331 CFLAGS_MODULE = $(MODFLAGS)
332 AFLAGS_MODULE = $(MODFLAGS)
337 NOSTDINC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -iwithprefix include
339 # Use LINUXINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory.
340 # Needed to be compatible with the O= option
341 LINUXINCLUDE := -Iinclude \
342 $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),-Iinclude2 -I$(srctree)/include)
344 CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__ $(LINUXINCLUDE)
346 CFLAGS := -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
347 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common
348 AFLAGS := -D__ASSEMBLY__
350 export VERSION PATCHLEVEL SUBLEVEL EXTRAVERSION LOCALVERSION KERNELRELEASE \
351 ARCH CONFIG_SHELL HOSTCC HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC \
352 CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP MAKE AWK GENKSYMS PERL UTS_MACHINE \
353 HOSTCXX HOSTCXXFLAGS LDFLAGS_MODULE CHECK CHECKFLAGS
355 export CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS LDFLAGS
356 export CFLAGS CFLAGS_KERNEL CFLAGS_MODULE
357 export AFLAGS AFLAGS_KERNEL AFLAGS_MODULE
359 # When compiling out-of-tree modules, put MODVERDIR in the module
360 # tree rather than in the kernel tree. The kernel tree might
362 export MODVERDIR := $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/).tmp_versions
364 # The temporary file to save gcc -MD generated dependencies must not
367 depfile = $(subst $(comma),_,$(@D)/.$(@F).d)
369 # Files to ignore in find ... statements
371 RCS_FIND_IGNORE := \( -name SCCS -o -name BitKeeper -o -name .svn -o -name CVS -o -name .pc \) -prune -o
372 RCS_TAR_IGNORE := --exclude SCCS --exclude BitKeeper --exclude .svn --exclude CVS --exclude .pc
374 # ===========================================================================
375 # Rules shared between *config targets and build targets
377 # Basic helpers built in scripts/
378 .PHONY: scripts_basic
380 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
382 # To make sure we do not include .config for any of the *config targets
383 # catch them early, and hand them over to scripts/kconfig/Makefile
384 # It is allowed to specify more targets when calling make, including
385 # mixing *config targets and build targets.
386 # For example 'make oldconfig all'.
387 # Detect when mixed targets is specified, and make a second invocation
388 # of make so .config is not included in this case either (for *config).
390 no-dot-config-targets := clean mrproper distclean \
391 cscope TAGS tags help %docs check%
397 ifneq ($(filter $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
398 ifeq ($(filter-out $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
403 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
404 ifneq ($(filter config %config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
406 ifneq ($(filter-out config %config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
412 ifeq ($(mixed-targets),1)
413 # ===========================================================================
414 # We're called with mixed targets (*config and build targets).
415 # Handle them one by one.
418 $(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree) KBUILD_SRC= $@
421 ifeq ($(config-targets),1)
422 # ===========================================================================
423 # *config targets only - make sure prerequisites are updated, and descend
424 # in scripts/kconfig to make the *config target
426 config: scripts_basic FORCE
427 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
428 %config: scripts_basic FORCE
429 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
432 # ===========================================================================
433 # Build targets only - this includes vmlinux, arch specific targets, clean
434 # targets and others. In general all targets except *config targets.
436 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
437 # Additional helpers built in scripts/
438 # Carefully list dependencies so we do not try to build scripts twice
441 scripts: scripts_basic include/config/MARKER
442 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@)
444 scripts_basic: include/linux/autoconf.h
446 # Objects we will link into vmlinux / subdirs we need to visit
448 drivers-y := drivers/ sound/
452 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
454 ifeq ($(dot-config),1)
455 # In this section, we need .config
457 # Read in dependencies to all Kconfig* files, make sure to run
458 # oldconfig if changes are detected.
463 # If .config needs to be updated, it will be done via the dependency
464 # that autoconf has on .config.
465 # To avoid any implicit rule to kick in, define an empty command
468 # If .config is newer than include/linux/autoconf.h, someone tinkered
469 # with it and forgot to run make oldconfig
470 include/linux/autoconf.h: .config
471 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile silentoldconfig
473 # Dummy target needed, because used as prerequisite
474 include/linux/autoconf.h: ;
477 # The all: target is the default when no target is given on the
479 # This allow a user to issue only 'make' to build a kernel including modules
480 # Defaults vmlinux but it is usually overriden in the arch makefile
483 ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
489 ifndef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
490 CFLAGS += -fomit-frame-pointer
493 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO
497 # warn about C99 declaration after statement
498 CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wdeclaration-after-statement,)
500 include $(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile
502 # Default kernel image to build when no specific target is given.
503 # KBUILD_IMAGE may be overruled on the commandline or
504 # set in the environment
505 # Also any assingments in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefiel take precedence over
507 export KBUILD_IMAGE ?= vmlinux
510 # INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map
511 # images. Uncomment if you want to place them anywhere other than root.
514 #export INSTALL_PATH=/boot
517 # INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory
518 # relocations required by build roots. This is not defined in the
519 # makefile but the arguement can be passed to make if needed.
522 MODLIB := $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)
526 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
527 core-y += kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/
529 vmlinux-dirs := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-y) $(init-m) \
530 $(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \
531 $(net-y) $(net-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m)))
533 vmlinux-alldirs := $(sort $(vmlinux-dirs) $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, \
535 $(core-n) $(core-) $(drivers-n) $(drivers-) \
536 $(net-n) $(net-) $(libs-n) $(libs-))))
538 init-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(init-y))
539 core-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(core-y))
540 drivers-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(drivers-y))
541 net-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(net-y))
542 libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y))
543 libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y))
544 libs-y := $(libs-y1) $(libs-y2)
547 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
548 # vmlinux is build from the objects selected by $(vmlinux-init) and
549 # $(vmlinux-main). Most are built-in.o files from top-level directories
550 # in the kernel tree, others are specified in arch/$(ARCH)Makefile.
551 # Ordering when linking is important, and $(vmlinux-init) must be first.
556 # +-< $(vmlinux-init)
557 # | +--< init/version.o + more
559 # +--< $(vmlinux-main)
560 # | +--< driver/built-in.o mm/built-in.o + more
562 # +-< kallsyms.o (see description in CONFIG_KALLSYMS section)
564 # vmlinux version (uname -v) cannot be updated during normal
565 # descending-into-subdirs phase since we do not yet know if we need to
567 # Therefore this step is delayed until just before final link of vmlinux -
568 # except in the kallsyms case where it is done just before adding the
569 # symbols to the kernel.
571 # System.map is generated to document addresses of all kernel symbols
573 vmlinux-init := $(head-y) $(init-y)
574 vmlinux-main := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y)
575 vmlinux-all := $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main)
576 vmlinux-lds := arch/$(ARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
578 # Rule to link vmlinux - also used during CONFIG_KALLSYMS
579 # May be overridden by arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile
580 quiet_cmd_vmlinux__ ?= LD $@
581 cmd_vmlinux__ ?= $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux) -o $@ \
582 -T $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) \
583 --start-group $(vmlinux-main) --end-group \
584 $(filter-out $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) FORCE ,$^)
586 # Generate new vmlinux version
587 quiet_cmd_vmlinux_version = GEN .version
588 cmd_vmlinux_version = set -e; \
589 . $(srctree)/scripts/mkversion > .tmp_version; \
590 mv -f .tmp_version .version; \
591 $(MAKE) $(build)=init
593 # Generate System.map
594 quiet_cmd_sysmap = SYSMAP
595 cmd_sysmap = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mksysmap
598 # If CONFIG_KALLSYMS is set .version is already updated
599 # Generate System.map and verify that the content is consistent
601 define rule_vmlinux__
602 $(if $(CONFIG_KALLSYMS),,+$(call cmd,vmlinux_version))
604 $(call cmd,vmlinux__)
605 $(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux__)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd
607 $(Q)$(if $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap), \
608 echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap) System.map' &&) \
609 $(cmd_sysmap) $@ System.map; \
610 if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \
618 ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
619 # Generate section listing all symbols and add it into vmlinux $(kallsyms.o)
620 # It's a three stage process:
621 # o .tmp_vmlinux1 has all symbols and sections, but __kallsyms is
623 # Running kallsyms on that gives us .tmp_kallsyms1.o with
624 # the right size - vmlinux version (uname -v) is updated during this step
625 # o .tmp_vmlinux2 now has a __kallsyms section of the right size,
626 # but due to the added section, some addresses have shifted.
627 # From here, we generate a correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o
628 # o The correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o is linked into the final vmlinux.
629 # o Verify that the System.map from vmlinux matches the map from
630 # .tmp_vmlinux2, just in case we did not generate kallsyms correctly.
631 # o If CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS is set, do an extra pass using
632 # .tmp_vmlinux3 and .tmp_kallsyms3.o. This is only meant as a
633 # temporary bypass to allow the kernel to be built while the
634 # maintainers work out what went wrong with kallsyms.
636 ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS
642 kallsyms.o := .tmp_kallsyms$(last_kallsyms).o
644 define verify_kallsyms
645 $(Q)$(if $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap), \
646 echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap) .tmp_System.map' &&) \
647 $(cmd_sysmap) .tmp_vmlinux$(last_kallsyms) .tmp_System.map
648 $(Q)cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map || \
649 (echo Inconsistent kallsyms data; \
650 echo Try setting CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS; \
651 rm .tmp_kallsyms* ; /bin/false )
654 # Update vmlinux version before link
655 # Use + in front of this rule to silent warning about make -j1
656 cmd_ksym_ld = $(cmd_vmlinux__)
658 +$(call cmd,vmlinux_version)
659 $(call cmd,vmlinux__)
660 $(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux__)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd
663 # Generate .S file with all kernel symbols
664 quiet_cmd_kallsyms = KSYM $@
665 cmd_kallsyms = $(NM) -n $< | $(KALLSYMS) \
666 $(if $(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL),--all-symbols) > $@
668 .tmp_kallsyms1.o .tmp_kallsyms2.o .tmp_kallsyms3.o: %.o: %.S scripts FORCE
669 $(call if_changed_dep,as_o_S)
671 .tmp_kallsyms%.S: .tmp_vmlinux% $(KALLSYMS)
674 # .tmp_vmlinux1 must be complete except kallsyms, so update vmlinux version
675 .tmp_vmlinux1: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) FORCE
676 $(call if_changed_rule,ksym_ld)
678 .tmp_vmlinux2: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) .tmp_kallsyms1.o FORCE
679 $(call if_changed,vmlinux__)
681 .tmp_vmlinux3: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) .tmp_kallsyms2.o FORCE
682 $(call if_changed,vmlinux__)
684 # Needs to visit scripts/ before $(KALLSYMS) can be used.
685 $(KALLSYMS): scripts ;
687 endif # ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
689 # vmlinux image - including updated kernel symbols
690 vmlinux: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) $(kallsyms.o) FORCE
691 $(call if_changed_rule,vmlinux__)
693 # The actual objects are generated when descending,
694 # make sure no implicit rule kicks in
695 $(sort $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main)) $(vmlinux-lds): $(vmlinux-dirs) ;
697 # Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(vmlinux-dirs)
698 # Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale
699 # tweaks to this spot to avoid wrong language settings when running
700 # make menuconfig etc.
701 # Error messages still appears in the original language
703 .PHONY: $(vmlinux-dirs)
704 $(vmlinux-dirs): prepare-all scripts
705 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@
707 # Things we need to do before we recursively start building the kernel
708 # or the modules are listed in "prepare-all".
709 # A multi level approach is used. prepare1 is updated first, then prepare0.
710 # prepare-all is the collection point for the prepare targets.
712 .PHONY: prepare-all prepare prepare0 prepare1 prepare2
714 # prepare 2 generate Makefile to be placed in output directory, if
715 # using a seperate output directory. This allows convinient use
716 # of make in output directory
718 $(Q)if /usr/bin/env test ! $(srctree) -ef $(objtree); then \
719 $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkmakefile \
720 $(srctree) $(objtree) $(VERSION) $(PATCHLEVEL) \
721 > $(objtree)/Makefile; \
724 # prepare1 is used to check if we are building in a separate output directory,
726 # 1) Check that make has not been executed in the kernel src $(srctree)
727 # 2) Create the include2 directory, used for the second asm symlink
730 ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
731 @echo ' Using $(srctree) as source for kernel'
732 $(Q)if [ -h $(srctree)/include/asm -o -f $(srctree)/.config ]; then \
733 echo " $(srctree) is not clean, please run 'make mrproper'";\
734 echo " in the '$(srctree)' directory.";\
737 $(Q)if [ ! -d include2 ]; then mkdir -p include2; fi;
738 $(Q)ln -fsn $(srctree)/include/asm-$(ARCH) include2/asm
741 prepare0: prepare1 include/linux/version.h include/asm include/config/MARKER
742 ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODULES),)
743 $(Q)rm -rf $(MODVERDIR)
744 $(Q)mkdir -p $(MODVERDIR)
747 # All the preparing..
748 prepare-all: prepare0 prepare
750 # Leave this as default for preprocessing vmlinux.lds.S, which is now
751 # done in arch/$(ARCH)/kernel/Makefile
753 export CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds += -P -C -U$(ARCH)
756 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
758 %.s: %.c scripts FORCE
759 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@D) $@
760 %.i: %.c scripts FORCE
761 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@D) $@
762 %.o: %.c scripts FORCE
763 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@D) $@
764 %/: scripts prepare FORCE
765 $(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) $(build)=$(@D)
766 %.lst: %.c scripts FORCE
767 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@D) $@
768 %.s: %.S scripts FORCE
769 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@D) $@
770 %.o: %.S scripts FORCE
771 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@D) $@
773 # FIXME: The asm symlink changes when $(ARCH) changes. That's
774 # hard to detect, but I suppose "make mrproper" is a good idea
775 # before switching between archs anyway.
778 @echo ' SYMLINK $@ -> include/asm-$(ARCH)'
779 $(Q)if [ ! -d include ]; then mkdir -p include; fi;
780 @ln -fsn asm-$(ARCH) $@
782 # Split autoconf.h into include/linux/config/*
784 include/config/MARKER: include/linux/autoconf.h
785 @echo ' SPLIT include/linux/autoconf.h -> include/config/*'
786 @scripts/basic/split-include include/linux/autoconf.h include/config
789 # Generate some files
790 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
792 # KERNELRELEASE can change from a few different places, meaning version.h
793 # needs to be updated, so this check is forced on all builds
797 define filechk_version.h
798 if [ `echo -n "$(KERNELRELEASE)" | wc -c ` -gt $(uts_len) ]; then \
799 echo '"$(KERNELRELEASE)" exceeds $(uts_len) characters' >&2; \
802 (echo \#define UTS_RELEASE \"$(KERNELRELEASE)\"; \
803 echo \#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE `expr $(VERSION) \\* 65536 + $(PATCHLEVEL) \\* 256 + $(SUBLEVEL)`; \
804 echo '#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))'; \
808 include/linux/version.h: $(srctree)/Makefile FORCE
809 $(call filechk,version.h)
811 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
815 @echo '*** Warning: make $@ is unnecessary now.'
817 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
822 # By default, build modules as well
829 modules: $(vmlinux-dirs) $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux)
830 @echo ' Building modules, stage 2.';
831 $(Q)$(MAKE) -rR -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
834 # Target to prepare building external modules
835 .PHONY: modules_prepare
836 modules_prepare: prepare-all scripts
838 # Target to install modules
839 .PHONY: modules_install
840 modules_install: _modinst_ _modinst_post
844 @if [ -z "`$(DEPMOD) -V | grep module-init-tools`" ]; then \
845 echo "Warning: you may need to install module-init-tools"; \
846 echo "See http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/docs/post-halloween-2.6.txt";\
849 @rm -rf $(MODLIB)/kernel
850 @rm -f $(MODLIB)/source
851 @mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/kernel
852 @ln -s $(srctree) $(MODLIB)/source
853 @if [ ! $(objtree) -ef $(MODLIB)/build ]; then \
854 rm -f $(MODLIB)/build ; \
855 ln -s $(objtree) $(MODLIB)/build ; \
857 $(Q)$(MAKE) -rR -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
859 # If System.map exists, run depmod. This deliberately does not have a
860 # dependency on System.map since that would run the dependency tree on
861 # vmlinux. This depmod is only for convenience to give the initial
862 # boot a modules.dep even before / is mounted read-write. However the
863 # boot script depmod is the master version.
864 ifeq "$(strip $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH))" ""
867 depmod_opts := -b $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH) -r
869 .PHONY: _modinst_post
870 _modinst_post: _modinst_
871 if [ -r System.map ]; then $(DEPMOD) -ae -F System.map $(depmod_opts) $(KERNELRELEASE); fi
873 else # CONFIG_MODULES
875 # Modules not configured
876 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
878 modules modules_install: FORCE
880 @echo "The present kernel configuration has modules disabled."
881 @echo "Type 'make config' and enable loadable module support."
882 @echo "Then build a kernel with module support enabled."
886 endif # CONFIG_MODULES
888 # Generate asm-offsets.h
889 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
891 define filechk_gen-asm-offsets
893 echo "#ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \
894 echo "#define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \
896 echo " * DO NOT MODIFY."; \
898 echo " * This file was generated by arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile"; \
902 sed -ne "/^->/{s:^->\([^ ]*\) [\$$#]*\([^ ]*\) \(.*\):#define \1 \2 /* \3 */:; s:->::; p;}"; \
909 # Cleaning is done on three levels.
910 # make clean Delete most generated files
911 # Leave enough to build external modules
912 # make mrproper Delete the current configuration, and all generated files
913 # make distclean Remove editor backup files, patch leftover files and the like
915 # Directories & files removed with 'make clean'
916 CLEAN_DIRS += $(MODVERDIR)
917 CLEAN_FILES += vmlinux System.map \
918 .tmp_kallsyms* .tmp_version .tmp_vmlinux* .tmp_System.map
920 # Directories & files removed with 'make mrproper'
921 MRPROPER_DIRS += include/config include2
922 MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old include/asm .version \
923 include/linux/autoconf.h include/linux/version.h \
924 Module.symvers tags TAGS cscope*
926 # clean - Delete most, but leave enough to build external modules
928 clean: rm-dirs := $(CLEAN_DIRS)
929 clean: rm-files := $(CLEAN_FILES)
930 clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_,$(vmlinux-alldirs))
932 .PHONY: $(clean-dirs) clean archclean
934 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@)
936 clean: archclean $(clean-dirs)
939 @find . $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
940 \( -name '*.[oas]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \
941 -o -name '.*.d' -o -name '.*.tmp' -o -name '*.mod.c' \) \
942 -type f -print | xargs rm -f
944 # mrproper - Delete all generated files, including .config
946 mrproper: rm-dirs := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_DIRS))
947 mrproper: rm-files := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_FILES))
948 mrproper-dirs := $(addprefix _mrproper_,Documentation/DocBook scripts)
950 .PHONY: $(mrproper-dirs) mrproper archmrproper
952 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _mrproper_%,%,$@)
954 mrproper: clean archmrproper $(mrproper-dirs)
963 @find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
964 \( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' \
965 -o -name '*.bak' -o -name '#*#' -o -name '.*.orig' \
966 -o -name '.*.rej' -o -size 0 \
967 -o -name '*%' -o -name '.*.cmd' -o -name 'core' \) \
968 -type f -print | xargs rm -f
971 # Packaging of the kernel to various formats
972 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
973 # rpm target kept for backward compatibility
974 package-dir := $(srctree)/scripts/package
979 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(package-dir)/Makefile $@
981 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(package-dir)/Makefile $@
984 # Brief documentation of the typical targets used
985 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
987 boards := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH)/configs/*_defconfig)
988 boards := $(notdir $(boards))
991 @echo 'Cleaning targets:'
992 @echo ' clean - remove most generated files but keep the config'
993 @echo ' mrproper - remove all generated files + config + various backup files'
995 @echo 'Configuration targets:'
996 @$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/Makefile help
998 @echo 'Other generic targets:'
999 @echo ' all - Build all targets marked with [*]'
1000 @echo '* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel'
1001 @echo '* modules - Build all modules'
1002 @echo ' modules_install - Install all modules'
1003 @echo ' dir/ - Build all files in dir and below'
1004 @echo ' dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only'
1005 @echo ' rpm - Build a kernel as an RPM package'
1006 @echo ' tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors'
1007 @echo ' cscope - Generate cscope index'
1009 @echo 'Static analysers'
1010 @echo ' buildcheck - List dangling references to vmlinux discarded sections'
1011 @echo ' and init sections from non-init sections'
1012 @echo ' checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs'
1013 @echo ' namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel'
1015 @echo 'Kernel packaging:'
1016 @$(MAKE) -f $(package-dir)/Makefile help
1018 @echo 'Documentation targets:'
1019 @$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile dochelp
1021 @echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(ARCH)):'
1022 @$(if $(archhelp),$(archhelp),\
1023 echo ' No architecture specific help defined for $(ARCH)')
1026 $(foreach b, $(boards), \
1027 printf " %-24s - Build for %s\\n" $(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \
1030 @echo ' make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build'
1031 @echo ' make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config'
1032 @echo ' make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $$CHECK (sparse)'
1033 @echo ' make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $$CHECK (sparse)'
1035 @echo 'Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*] '
1036 @echo 'For further info see the ./README file'
1039 # Documentation targets
1040 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1041 %docs: scripts_basic FORCE
1042 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation/DocBook $@
1044 else # KBUILD_EXTMOD
1047 # External module support.
1048 # When building external modules the kernel used as basis is considered
1049 # read-only, and no consistency checks are made and the make
1050 # system is not used on the basis kernel. If updates are required
1051 # in the basis kernel ordinary make commands (without M=...) must
1054 # The following are the only valid targets when building external
1056 # make M=dir clean Delete all automatically generated files
1057 # make M=dir modules Make all modules in specified dir
1058 # make M=dir Same as 'make M=dir modules'
1059 # make M=dir modules_install
1060 # Install the modules build in the module directory
1061 # Assumes install directory is already created
1063 # We are always building modules
1067 $(Q)mkdir -p $(MODVERDIR)
1069 module-dirs := $(addprefix _module_,$(KBUILD_EXTMOD))
1070 .PHONY: $(module-dirs) modules
1071 $(module-dirs): crmodverdir
1072 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(patsubst _module_%,%,$@)
1074 modules: $(module-dirs)
1075 @echo ' Building modules, stage 2.';
1076 $(Q)$(MAKE) -rR -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
1078 .PHONY: modules_install
1080 $(Q)$(MAKE) -rR -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
1082 clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_,$(KBUILD_EXTMOD))
1084 .PHONY: $(clean-dirs) clean
1086 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@)
1088 clean: rm-dirs := $(MODVERDIR)
1089 clean: $(clean-dirs)
1091 @find $(KBUILD_EXTMOD) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1092 \( -name '*.[oas]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \
1093 -o -name '.*.d' -o -name '.*.tmp' -o -name '*.mod.c' \) \
1094 -type f -print | xargs rm -f
1097 @echo ' Building external modules.'
1098 @echo ' Syntax: make -C path/to/kernel/src M=$$PWD target'
1100 @echo ' modules - default target, build the module(s)'
1101 @echo ' modules_install - install the module'
1102 @echo ' clean - remove generated files in module directory only'
1104 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
1106 # Generate tags for editors
1107 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1110 ( find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1111 \( -name include -o -name arch \) -prune -o \
1112 -name '*.[chS]' -print; \
1113 find $(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1114 -name '*.[chS]' -print; \
1115 find $(srctree)/security/selinux/include $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1116 -name '*.[chS]' -print; \
1117 find $(srctree)/include $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1118 \( -name config -o -name 'asm-*' \) -prune \
1119 -o -name '*.[chS]' -print; \
1120 find $(srctree)/include/asm-$(ARCH) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1121 -name '*.[chS]' -print; \
1122 find $(srctree)/include/asm-generic $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1123 -name '*.[chS]' -print )
1126 quiet_cmd_cscope-file = FILELST cscope.files
1127 cmd_cscope-file = $(all-sources) > cscope.files
1129 quiet_cmd_cscope = MAKE cscope.out
1130 cmd_cscope = cscope -k -b -q
1133 $(call cmd,cscope-file)
1136 quiet_cmd_TAGS = MAKE $@
1137 cmd_TAGS = $(all-sources) | etags -
1139 # Exuberant ctags works better with -I
1141 quiet_cmd_tags = MAKE $@
1144 CTAGSF=`ctags --version | grep -i exuberant >/dev/null && echo "-I __initdata,__exitdata,EXPORT_SYMBOL,EXPORT_SYMBOL_NOVERS"`; \
1145 $(all-sources) | xargs ctags $$CTAGSF -a
1155 # Scripts to check various things for consistency
1156 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1159 find * $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1160 -name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
1161 | xargs $(PERL) -w scripts/checkconfig.pl
1164 find * $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1165 -name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
1166 | xargs $(PERL) -w scripts/checkincludes.pl
1169 find * $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
1170 -name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
1171 | xargs $(PERL) -w scripts/checkversion.pl
1174 $(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/reference_discarded.pl
1175 $(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/reference_init.pl
1178 $(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/namespace.pl
1180 endif #ifeq ($(config-targets),1)
1181 endif #ifeq ($(mixed-targets),1)
1185 $(OBJDUMP) -d vmlinux $$(find . -name '*.ko') | \
1186 $(PERL) $(src)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(ARCH)
1188 # FIXME Should go into a make.lib or something
1189 # ===========================================================================
1191 quiet_cmd_rmdirs = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)))
1192 cmd_rmdirs = rm -rf $(rm-dirs)
1194 quiet_cmd_rmfiles = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-files)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-files)))
1195 cmd_rmfiles = rm -f $(rm-files)
1198 a_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_KERNEL) \
1199 $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) \
1200 $(modkern_aflags) $(EXTRA_AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_$(*F).o)
1202 quiet_cmd_as_o_S = AS $@
1203 cmd_as_o_S = $(CC) $(a_flags) -c -o $@ $<
1205 # read all saved command lines
1207 targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
1208 cmd_files := $(wildcard .*.cmd $(foreach f,$(targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd))
1210 ifneq ($(cmd_files),)
1211 $(cmd_files): ; # Do not try to update included dependency files
1212 include $(cmd_files)
1215 # Execute command and generate cmd file
1216 if_changed = $(if $(strip $? \
1217 $(filter-out $(cmd_$(1)),$(cmd_$@))\
1218 $(filter-out $(cmd_$@),$(cmd_$(1)))),\
1220 $(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),echo ' $(subst ','\'',$($(quiet)cmd_$(1)))';) \
1222 echo 'cmd_$@ := $(subst $$,$$$$,$(subst ','\'',$(cmd_$(1))))' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd)
1225 # execute the command and also postprocess generated .d dependencies
1227 if_changed_dep = $(if $(strip $? $(filter-out FORCE $(wildcard $^),$^)\
1228 $(filter-out $(cmd_$(1)),$(cmd_$@))\
1229 $(filter-out $(cmd_$@),$(cmd_$(1)))),\
1231 $(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),echo ' $(subst ','\'',$($(quiet)cmd_$(1)))';) \
1233 scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(subst $$,$$$$,$(subst ','\'',$(cmd_$(1))))' > $(@D)/.$(@F).tmp; \
1235 mv -f $(@D)/.$(@F).tmp $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd)
1237 # Usage: $(call if_changed_rule,foo)
1238 # will check if $(cmd_foo) changed, or any of the prequisites changed,
1239 # and if so will execute $(rule_foo)
1241 if_changed_rule = $(if $(strip $? \
1242 $(filter-out $(cmd_$(1)),$(cmd_$(@F)))\
1243 $(filter-out $(cmd_$(@F)),$(cmd_$(1)))),\
1246 # If quiet is set, only print short version of command
1248 cmd = @$(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_$(1))' &&) $(cmd_$(1))
1250 # filechk is used to check if the content of a generated file is updated.
1252 # define filechk_sample
1253 # echo $KERNELRELEASE
1255 # version.h : Makefile
1256 # $(call filechk,sample)
1257 # The rule defined shall write to stdout the content of the new file.
1258 # The existing file will be compared with the new one.
1259 # - If no file exist it is created
1260 # - If the content differ the new file is used
1261 # - If they are equal no change, and no timestamp update
1266 mkdir -p $(dir $@); \
1267 $(filechk_$(1)) < $< > $@.tmp; \
1268 if [ -r $@ ] && cmp -s $@ $@.tmp; then \
1276 # Shorthand for $(Q)$(MAKE) -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=dir
1278 # $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=dir
1279 build := -f $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(srctree)/)scripts/Makefile.build obj
1281 # Shorthand for $(Q)$(MAKE) -f scripts/Makefile.clean obj=dir
1283 # $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=dir
1284 clean := -f $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(srctree)/)scripts/Makefile.clean obj
1286 # $(call descend,<dir>,<target>)
1287 # Recursively call a sub-make in <dir> with target <target>
1288 # Usage is deprecated, because make does not see this as an invocation of make.
1289 descend =$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(srctree)/)scripts/Makefile.build obj=$(1) $(2)
1291 endif # skip-makefile