Merge branch 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc

[linux-2.6/lfs.git] / scripts / checkpatch.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# (c) 2001, Dave Jones. <davej@codemonkey.org.uk> (the file handling bit)
# (c) 2005, Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com> (the ugly bit)
# (c) 2007, Andy Whitcroft <apw@uk.ibm.com> (new conditions, test suite, etc)
# Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2

use strict;

my $P = $0;
$P =~ s@.*/@@g;

my $V = '0.18';

use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);

my $quiet = 0;
my $tree = 1;
my $chk_signoff = 1;
my $chk_patch = 1;
my $tst_type = 0;
my $tst_only;
my $emacs = 0;
my $terse = 0;
my $file = 0;
my $check = 0;
my $summary = 1;
my $mailback = 0;
my $summary_file = 0;
my $root;
my %debug;
GetOptions(
        'q|quiet+'      => \$quiet,
        'tree!'         => \$tree,
        'signoff!'      => \$chk_signoff,
        'patch!'        => \$chk_patch,
        'emacs!'        => \$emacs,
        'terse!'        => \$terse,
        'file!'         => \$file,
        'subjective!'   => \$check,
        'strict!'       => \$check,
        'root=s'        => \$root,
        'summary!'      => \$summary,
        'mailback!'     => \$mailback,
        'summary-file!' => \$summary_file,

        'debug=s'       => \%debug,
        'test-type!'    => \$tst_type,
        'test-only=s'   => \$tst_only,
) or exit;

my $exit = 0;

if ($#ARGV < 0) {
        print "usage: $P [options] patchfile\n";
        print "version: $V\n";
        print "options: -q               => quiet\n";
        print "         --no-tree        => run without a kernel tree\n";
        print "         --terse          => one line per report\n";
        print "         --emacs          => emacs compile window format\n";
        print "         --file           => check a source file\n";
        print "         --strict         => enable more subjective tests\n";
        print "         --root           => path to the kernel tree root\n";
        print "         --no-summary     => suppress the per-file summary\n";
        print "         --summary-file   => include the filename in summary\n";
        exit(1);
}

my $dbg_values = 0;
my $dbg_possible = 0;
for my $key (keys %debug) {
        eval "\${dbg_$key} = '$debug{$key}';"
}

if ($terse) {
        $emacs = 1;
        $quiet++;
}

if ($tree) {
        if (defined $root) {
                if (!top_of_kernel_tree($root)) {
                        die "$P: $root: --root does not point at a valid tree\n";
                }
        } else {
                if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) {
                        $root = '.';
                } elsif ($0 =~ m@(.*)/scripts/[^/]*$@ &&
                                                top_of_kernel_tree($1)) {
                        $root = $1;
                }
        }

        if (!defined $root) {
                print "Must be run from the top-level dir. of a kernel tree\n";
                exit(2);
        }
}

my $emitted_corrupt = 0;

our $Ident       = qr{[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*};
our $Storage    = qr{extern|static|asmlinkage};
our $Sparse     = qr{
                        __user|
                        __kernel|
                        __force|
                        __iomem|
                        __must_check|
                        __init_refok|
                        __kprobes
                }x;
our $Attribute  = qr{
                        const|
                        __read_mostly|
                        __kprobes|
                        __(?:mem|cpu|dev|)(?:initdata|init)
                  }x;
our $Inline     = qr{inline|__always_inline|noinline};
our $Member     = qr{->$Ident|\.$Ident|\[[^]]*\]};
our $Lval       = qr{$Ident(?:$Member)*};

our $Constant   = qr{(?:[0-9]+|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)[UL]*};
our $Assignment = qr{(?:\*\=|/=|%=|\+=|-=|<<=|>>=|&=|\^=|\|=|=)};
our $Operators  = qr{
                        <=|>=|==|!=|
                        =>|->|<<|>>|<|>|!|~|
                        &&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%
                  }x;

our $NonptrType;
our $Type;
our $Declare;

our $UTF8       = qr {
        [\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]              # ASCII
        | [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]             # non-overlong 2-byte
        |  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
        | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
        |  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
        |  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
        | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
        |  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
}x;

our @typeList = (
        qr{void},
        qr{char},
        qr{short},
        qr{int},
        qr{long},
        qr{unsigned},
        qr{float},
        qr{double},
        qr{bool},
        qr{long\s+int},
        qr{long\s+long},
        qr{long\s+long\s+int},
        qr{(?:__)?(?:u|s|be|le)(?:8|16|32|64)},
        qr{struct\s+$Ident},
        qr{union\s+$Ident},
        qr{enum\s+$Ident},
        qr{${Ident}_t},
        qr{${Ident}_handler},
        qr{${Ident}_handler_fn},
);

sub build_types {
        my $all = "(?:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeList) . "\n)";
        $NonptrType     = qr{
                        \b
                        (?:const\s+)?
                        (?:unsigned\s+)?
                        (?:
                                $all|
                                (?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\(\s*\**\s*$Ident\s*\)
                        )
                        (?:\s+$Sparse|\s+const)*
                        \b
                  }x;
        $Type   = qr{
                        \b$NonptrType\b
                        (?:\s*\*+\s*const|\s*\*+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+)?
                        (?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Sparse|\s+$Attribute)*
                  }x;
        $Declare        = qr{(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type};
}
build_types();

$chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);

my @dep_includes = ();
my @dep_functions = ();
my $removal = "Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt";
if ($tree && -f "$root/$removal") {
        open(REMOVE, "<$root/$removal") ||
                                die "$P: $removal: open failed - $!\n";
        while (<REMOVE>) {
                if (/^Check:\s+(.*\S)/) {
                        for my $entry (split(/[, ]+/, $1)) {
                                if ($entry =~ m@include/(.*)@) {
                                        push(@dep_includes, $1);

                                } elsif ($entry !~ m@/@) {
                                        push(@dep_functions, $entry);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}

my @rawlines = ();
my @lines = ();
my $vname;
for my $filename (@ARGV) {
        if ($file) {
                open(FILE, "diff -u /dev/null $filename|") ||
                        die "$P: $filename: diff failed - $!\n";
        } else {
                open(FILE, "<$filename") ||
                        die "$P: $filename: open failed - $!\n";
        }
        if ($filename eq '-') {
                $vname = 'Your patch';
        } else {
                $vname = $filename;
        }
        while (<FILE>) {
                chomp;
                push(@rawlines, $_);
        }
        close(FILE);
        if (!process($filename)) {
                $exit = 1;
        }
        @rawlines = ();
        @lines = ();
}

exit($exit);

sub top_of_kernel_tree {
        my ($root) = @_;

        my @tree_check = (
                "COPYING", "CREDITS", "Kbuild", "MAINTAINERS", "Makefile",
                "README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers",
                "fs", "init", "ipc", "kernel", "lib", "scripts",
        );

        foreach my $check (@tree_check) {
                if (! -e $root . '/' . $check) {
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        return 1;
}

sub expand_tabs {
        my ($str) = @_;

        my $res = '';
        my $n = 0;
        for my $c (split(//, $str)) {
                if ($c eq "\t") {
                        $res .= ' ';
                        $n++;
                        for (; ($n % 8) != 0; $n++) {
                                $res .= ' ';
                        }
                        next;
                }
                $res .= $c;
                $n++;
        }

        return $res;
}
sub copy_spacing {
        (my $res = shift) =~ tr/\t/ /c;
        return $res;
}

sub line_stats {
        my ($line) = @_;

        # Drop the diff line leader and expand tabs
        $line =~ s/^.//;
        $line = expand_tabs($line);

        # Pick the indent from the front of the line.
        my ($white) = ($line =~ /^(\s*)/);

        return (length($line), length($white));
}

my $sanitise_quote = '';

sub sanitise_line_reset {
        my ($in_comment) = @_;

        if ($in_comment) {
                $sanitise_quote = '*/';
        } else {
                $sanitise_quote = '';
        }
}
sub sanitise_line {
        my ($line) = @_;

        my $res = '';
        my $l = '';

        my $qlen = 0;
        my $off = 0;
        my $c;

        # Always copy over the diff marker.
        $res = substr($line, 0, 1);

        for ($off = 1; $off < length($line); $off++) {
                $c = substr($line, $off, 1);

                # Comments we are wacking completly including the begin
                # and end, all to $;.
                if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '/*') {
                        $sanitise_quote = '*/';

                        substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
                        $off++;
                        next;
                }
                if (substr($line, $off, 2) eq $sanitise_quote) {
                        $sanitise_quote = '';
                        substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
                        $off++;
                        next;
                }

                # A \ in a string means ignore the next character.
                if (($sanitise_quote eq "'" || $sanitise_quote eq '"') &&
                    $c eq "\\") {
                        substr($res, $off, 2, 'XX');
                        $off++;
                        next;
                }
                # Regular quotes.
                if ($c eq "'" || $c eq '"') {
                        if ($sanitise_quote eq '') {
                                $sanitise_quote = $c;

                                substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
                                next;
                        } elsif ($sanitise_quote eq $c) {
                                $sanitise_quote = '';
                        }
                }

                #print "SQ:$sanitise_quote\n";
                if ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '*/' && $c ne "\t") {
                        substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
                } elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote && $c ne "\t") {
                        substr($res, $off, 1, 'X');
                } else {
                        substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
                }
        }

        # The pathname on a #include may be surrounded by '<' and '>'.
        if ($res =~ /^.#\s*include\s+\<(.*)\>/) {
                my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
                $res =~ s@\<.*\>@<$clean>@;

        # The whole of a #error is a string.
        } elsif ($res =~ /^.#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+(.*)\b/) {
                my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
                $res =~ s@(#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+).*@$1$clean@;
        }

        return $res;
}

sub ctx_statement_block {
        my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
        my $line = $linenr - 1;
        my $blk = '';
        my $soff = $off;
        my $coff = $off - 1;
        my $coff_set = 0;

        my $loff = 0;

        my $type = '';
        my $level = 0;
        my $p;
        my $c;
        my $len = 0;

        my $remainder;
        while (1) {
                #warn "CSB: blk<$blk> remain<$remain>\n";
                # If we are about to drop off the end, pull in more
                # context.
                if ($off >= $len) {
                        for (; $remain > 0; $line++) {
                                next if ($lines[$line] =~ /^-/);
                                $remain--;
                                $loff = $len;
                                $blk .= $lines[$line] . "\n";
                                $len = length($blk);
                                $line++;
                                last;
                        }
                        # Bail if there is no further context.
                        #warn "CSB: blk<$blk> off<$off> len<$len>\n";
                        if ($off >= $len) {
                                last;
                        }
                }
                $p = $c;
                $c = substr($blk, $off, 1);
                $remainder = substr($blk, $off);

                #warn "CSB: c<$c> type<$type> level<$level> remainder<$remainder> coff_set<$coff_set>\n";
                # Statement ends at the ';' or a close '}' at the
                # outermost level.
                if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') {
                        last;
                }

                # An else is really a conditional as long as its not else if
                if ($level == 0 && $coff_set == 0 &&
                                (!defined($p) || $p =~ /(?:\s|\}|\+)/) &&
                                $remainder =~ /^(else)(?:\s|{)/ &&
                                $remainder !~ /^else\s+if\b/) {
                        $coff = $off + length($1) - 1;
                        $coff_set = 1;
                        #warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff> soff<$soff> 1<$1>\n";
                        #warn "[" . substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1) . "]\n";
                }

                if (($type eq '' || $type eq '(') && $c eq '(') {
                        $level++;
                        $type = '(';
                }
                if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') {
                        $level--;
                        $type = ($level != 0)? '(' : '';

                        if ($level == 0 && $coff < $soff) {
                                $coff = $off;
                                $coff_set = 1;
                                #warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff>\n";
                        }
                }
                if (($type eq '' || $type eq '{') && $c eq '{') {
                        $level++;
                        $type = '{';
                }
                if ($type eq '{' && $c eq '}') {
                        $level--;
                        $type = ($level != 0)? '{' : '';

                        if ($level == 0) {
                                last;
                        }
                }
                $off++;
        }
        if ($off == $len) {
                $line++;
                $remain--;
        }

        my $statement = substr($blk, $soff, $off - $soff + 1);
        my $condition = substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1);

        #warn "STATEMENT<$statement>\n";
        #warn "CONDITION<$condition>\n";

        #print "coff<$coff> soff<$off> loff<$loff>\n";

        return ($statement, $condition,
                        $line, $remain + 1, $off - $loff + 1, $level);
}

sub statement_lines {
        my ($stmt) = @_;

        # Strip the diff line prefixes and rip blank lines at start and end.
        $stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
        $stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
        $stmt =~ s/\s*$//;

        my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);

        return $#stmt_lines + 2;
}

sub statement_rawlines {
        my ($stmt) = @_;

        my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);

        return $#stmt_lines + 2;
}

sub statement_block_size {
        my ($stmt) = @_;

        $stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
        $stmt =~ s/^\s*{//;
        $stmt =~ s/}\s*$//;
        $stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
        $stmt =~ s/\s*$//;

        my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
        my @stmt_statements = ($stmt =~ /;/g);

        my $stmt_lines = $#stmt_lines + 2;
        my $stmt_statements = $#stmt_statements + 1;

        if ($stmt_lines > $stmt_statements) {
                return $stmt_lines;
        } else {
                return $stmt_statements;
        }
}

sub ctx_statement_full {
        my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
        my ($statement, $condition, $level);

        my (@chunks);

        # Grab the first conditional/block pair.
        ($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
                                ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
        #print "F: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
        push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
        if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^\s*(?:\n[+-])?\s*(?:if|else|do)\b/s)) {
                return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
        }

        # Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they
        # could continue the statement.
        for (;;) {
                ($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
                                ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
                #print "C: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
                last if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^(?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*(?:else|do)\b/s));
                #print "C: push\n";
                push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
        }

        return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
}

sub ctx_block_get {
        my ($linenr, $remain, $outer, $open, $close, $off) = @_;
        my $line;
        my $start = $linenr - 1;
        my $blk = '';
        my @o;
        my @c;
        my @res = ();

        my $level = 0;
        for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) {
                next if ($rawlines[$line] =~ /^-/);
                $remain--;

                $blk .= $rawlines[$line];
                foreach my $c (split(//, $rawlines[$line])) {
                        ##print "C<$c>L<$level><$open$close>O<$off>\n";
                        if ($off > 0) {
                                $off--;
                                next;
                        }

                        if ($c eq $close && $level > 0) {
                                $level--;
                                last if ($level == 0);
                        } elsif ($c eq $open) {
                                $level++;
                        }
                }

                if (!$outer || $level <= 1) {
                        push(@res, $rawlines[$line]);
                }

                last if ($level == 0);
        }

        return ($level, @res);
}
sub ctx_block_outer {
        my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;

        my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 1, '{', '}', 0);
        return @r;
}
sub ctx_block {
        my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;

        my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
        return @r;
}
sub ctx_statement {
        my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;

        my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
        return @r;
}
sub ctx_block_level {
        my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;

        return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
}
sub ctx_statement_level {
        my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;

        return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
}

sub ctx_locate_comment {
        my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;

        # Catch a comment on the end of the line itself.
        my ($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@.*(/\*.*\*/)\s*$@);
        return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);

        # Look through the context and try and figure out if there is a
        # comment.
        my $in_comment = 0;
        $current_comment = '';
        for (my $linenr = $first_line; $linenr < $end_line; $linenr++) {
                my $line = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
                #warn "           $line\n";
                if ($linenr == $first_line and $line =~ m@^.\s*\*@) {
                        $in_comment = 1;
                }
                if ($line =~ m@/\*@) {
                        $in_comment = 1;
                }
                if (!$in_comment && $current_comment ne '') {
                        $current_comment = '';
                }
                $current_comment .= $line . "\n" if ($in_comment);
                if ($line =~ m@\*/@) {
                        $in_comment = 0;
                }
        }

        chomp($current_comment);
        return($current_comment);
}
sub ctx_has_comment {
        my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
        my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line);

        ##print "LINE: $rawlines[$end_line - 1 ]\n";
        ##print "CMMT: $cmt\n";

        return ($cmt ne '');
}

sub cat_vet {
        my ($vet) = @_;
        my ($res, $coded);

        $res = '';
        while ($vet =~ /([^[:cntrl:]]*)([[:cntrl:]]|$)/g) {
                $res .= $1;
                if ($2 ne '') {
                        $coded = sprintf("^%c", unpack('C', $2) + 64);
                        $res .= $coded;
                }
        }
        $res =~ s/$/\$/;

        return $res;
}

my $av_preprocessor = 0;
my $av_pending;
my @av_paren_type;

sub annotate_reset {
        $av_preprocessor = 0;
        $av_pending = '_';
        @av_paren_type = ('E');
}

sub annotate_values {
        my ($stream, $type) = @_;

        my $res;
        my $cur = $stream;

        print "$stream\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);

        while (length($cur)) {
                @av_paren_type = ('E') if ($#av_paren_type < 0);
                print " <" . join('', @av_paren_type) .
                                "> <$type> <$av_pending>" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                if ($cur =~ /^(\s+)/o) {
                        print "WS($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        if ($1 =~ /\n/ && $av_preprocessor) {
                                $type = pop(@av_paren_type);
                                $av_preprocessor = 0;
                        }

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Type)/) {
                        print "DECLARE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $type = 'T';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(#\s*define\s*$Ident)(\(?)/o) {
                        print "DEFINE($1,$2)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_preprocessor = 1;
                        push(@av_paren_type, $type);
                        if ($2 ne '') {
                                $av_pending = 'N';
                        }
                        $type = 'E';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(#\s*undef\s*$Ident)/o) {
                        print "UNDEF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_preprocessor = 1;
                        push(@av_paren_type, $type);

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(#\s*(?:ifdef|ifndef|if))/o) {
                        print "PRE_START($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_preprocessor = 1;

                        push(@av_paren_type, $type);
                        push(@av_paren_type, $type);
                        $type = 'E';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(#\s*(?:else|elif))/o) {
                        print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_preprocessor = 1;

                        push(@av_paren_type, $av_paren_type[$#av_paren_type]);

                        $type = 'E';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(#\s*(?:endif))/o) {
                        print "PRE_END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);

                        $av_preprocessor = 1;

                        # Assume all arms of the conditional end as this
                        # one does, and continue as if the #endif was not here.
                        pop(@av_paren_type);
                        push(@av_paren_type, $type);
                        $type = 'E';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\\\n)/o) {
                        print "PRECONT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(__attribute__)\s*\(?/o) {
                        print "ATTR($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_pending = $type;
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(sizeof)\s*(\()?/o) {
                        print "SIZEOF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        if (defined $2) {
                                $av_pending = 'V';
                        }
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(if|while|typeof|__typeof__|for)\b/o) {
                        print "COND($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_pending = 'N';
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~/^(return|case|else)/o) {
                        print "KEYWORD($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) {
                        print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        push(@av_paren_type, $av_pending);
                        $av_pending = '_';
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(\))/o) {
                        my $new_type = pop(@av_paren_type);
                        if ($new_type ne '_') {
                                $type = $new_type;
                                print "PAREN('$1') -> $type\n"
                                                        if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        } else {
                                print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        }

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident)\(/o) {
                        print "FUNC($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $av_pending = 'V';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident|$Constant)/o) {
                        print "IDENT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $type = 'V';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) {
                        print "ASSIGN($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) {
                        print "END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $type = 'E';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^(;|\?|:|\[)/o) {
                        print "CLOSE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        $type = 'N';

                } elsif ($cur =~ /^($Operators)/o) {
                        print "OP($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                        if ($1 ne '++' && $1 ne '--') {
                                $type = 'N';
                        }

                } elsif ($cur =~ /(^.)/o) {
                        print "C($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
                }
                if (defined $1) {
                        $cur = substr($cur, length($1));
                        $res .= $type x length($1);
                }
        }

        return $res;
}

sub possible {
        my ($possible, $line) = @_;

        #print "CHECK<$possible>\n";
        if ($possible !~ /^(?:$Storage|$Type|DEFINE_\S+)$/ &&
            $possible ne 'goto' && $possible ne 'return' &&
            $possible ne 'struct' && $possible ne 'enum' &&
            $possible ne 'case' && $possible ne 'else' &&
            $possible ne 'typedef') {
                warn "POSSIBLE: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
                push(@typeList, $possible);
                build_types();
        }
}

my $prefix = '';

sub report {
        if (defined $tst_only && $_[0] !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/) {
                return 0;
        }
        my $line = $prefix . $_[0];

        $line = (split('\n', $line))[0] . "\n" if ($terse);

        push(our @report, $line);

        return 1;
}
sub report_dump {
        our @report;
}
sub ERROR {
        if (report("ERROR: $_[0]\n")) {
                our $clean = 0;
                our $cnt_error++;
        }
}
sub WARN {
        if (report("WARNING: $_[0]\n")) {
                our $clean = 0;
                our $cnt_warn++;
        }
}
sub CHK {
        if ($check && report("CHECK: $_[0]\n")) {
                our $clean = 0;
                our $cnt_chk++;
        }
}

sub process {
        my $filename = shift;

        my $linenr=0;
        my $prevline="";
        my $prevrawline="";
        my $stashline="";
        my $stashrawline="";

        my $length;
        my $indent;
        my $previndent=0;
        my $stashindent=0;

        our $clean = 1;
        my $signoff = 0;
        my $is_patch = 0;

        our @report = ();
        our $cnt_lines = 0;
        our $cnt_error = 0;
        our $cnt_warn = 0;
        our $cnt_chk = 0;

        # Trace the real file/line as we go.
        my $realfile = '';
        my $realline = 0;
        my $realcnt = 0;
        my $here = '';
        my $in_comment = 0;
        my $comment_edge = 0;
        my $first_line = 0;

        my $prev_values = 'E';

        # suppression flags
        my %suppress_ifbraces;

        # Pre-scan the patch sanitizing the lines.
        # Pre-scan the patch looking for any __setup documentation.
        #
        my @setup_docs = ();
        my $setup_docs = 0;

        sanitise_line_reset();
        my $line;
        foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) {
                $linenr++;
                $line = $rawline;

                if ($rawline=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
                        $setup_docs = 0;
                        if ($1 =~ m@Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt$@) {
                                $setup_docs = 1;
                        }
                        #next;
                }
                if ($rawline=~/^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
                        $realline=$1-1;
                        if (defined $2) {
                                $realcnt=$3+1;
                        } else {
                                $realcnt=1+1;
                        }

                        # Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  Run
                        # the context looking for a comment "edge".  If this
                        # edge is a close comment then we must be in a comment
                        # at context start.
                        my $edge;
                        for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $ln < ($linenr + $realcnt); $ln++) {
                                next if ($line =~ /^-/);
                                ($edge) = ($rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ m@(/\*|\*/)@);
                                last if (defined $edge);
                        }
                        if (defined $edge && $edge eq '*/') {
                                $in_comment = 1;
                        }

                        # Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  If this
                        # is the start of a diff block and this line starts
                        # ' *' then it is very likely a comment.
                        if (!defined $edge &&
                            $rawlines[$linenr] =~ m@^.\s* \*(?:\s|$)@)
                        {
                                $in_comment = 1;
                        }

                        ##print "COMMENT:$in_comment edge<$edge> $rawline\n";
                        sanitise_line_reset($in_comment);

                } elsif ($realcnt && $rawline =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/) {
                        # Standardise the strings and chars within the input to
                        # simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines.
                        $line = sanitise_line($rawline);
                }
                push(@lines, $line);

                if ($realcnt > 1) {
                        $realcnt-- if ($line =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/);
                } else {
                        $realcnt = 0;
                }

                #print "==>$rawline\n";
                #print "-->$line\n";

                if ($setup_docs && $line =~ /^\+/) {
                        push(@setup_docs, $line);
                }
        }

        $prefix = '';

        $realcnt = 0;
        $linenr = 0;
        foreach my $line (@lines) {
                $linenr++;

                my $rawline = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];

#extract the line range in the file after the patch is applied
                if ($line=~/^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
                        $is_patch = 1;
                        $first_line = $linenr + 1;
                        $realline=$1-1;
                        if (defined $2) {
                                $realcnt=$3+1;
                        } else {
                                $realcnt=1+1;
                        }
                        annotate_reset();
                        $prev_values = 'E';

                        %suppress_ifbraces = ();
                        next;

# track the line number as we move through the hunk, note that
# new versions of GNU diff omit the leading space on completely
# blank context lines so we need to count that too.
                } elsif ($line =~ /^( |\+|$)/) {
                        $realline++;
                        $realcnt-- if ($realcnt != 0);

                        # Measure the line length and indent.
                        ($length, $indent) = line_stats($rawline);

                        # Track the previous line.
                        ($prevline, $stashline) = ($stashline, $line);
                        ($previndent, $stashindent) = ($stashindent, $indent);
                        ($prevrawline, $stashrawline) = ($stashrawline, $rawline);

                        #warn "line<$line>\n";

                } elsif ($realcnt == 1) {
                        $realcnt--;
                }

#make up the handle for any error we report on this line
                $prefix = "$filename:$realline: " if ($emacs && $file);
                $prefix = "$filename:$linenr: " if ($emacs && !$file);

                $here = "#$linenr: " if (!$file);
                $here = "#$realline: " if ($file);

                # extract the filename as it passes
                if ($line=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
                        $realfile = $1;
                        $realfile =~ s@^[^/]*/@@;

                        if ($realfile =~ m@include/asm/@) {
                                ERROR("do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
                        }
                        next;
                }

                $here .= "FILE: $realfile:$realline:" if ($realcnt != 0);

                my $hereline = "$here\n$rawline\n";
                my $herecurr = "$here\n$rawline\n";
                my $hereprev = "$here\n$prevrawline\n$rawline\n";

                $cnt_lines++ if ($realcnt != 0);

#check the patch for a signoff:
                if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:/i) {
                        # This is a signoff, if ugly, so do not double report.
                        $signoff++;
                        if (!($line =~ /^\s*Signed-off-by:/)) {
                                WARN("Signed-off-by: is the preferred form\n" .
                                        $herecurr);
                        }
                        if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\S/i) {
                                WARN("space required after Signed-off-by:\n" .
                                        $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
                if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
                        ERROR("patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
                                $herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
                }

# UTF-8 regex found at http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
                if (($realfile =~ /^$/ || $line =~ /^\+/) &&
                    $rawline !~ m/^$UTF8*$/) {
                        my ($utf8_prefix) = ($rawline =~ /^($UTF8*)/);

                        my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
                        my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
                        my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";

                        ERROR("Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
                }

#ignore lines being removed
                if ($line=~/^-/) {next;}

# check we are in a valid source file if not then ignore this hunk
                next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|s|S|pl|sh)$/);

#trailing whitespace
                if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
                        my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
                        ERROR("DOS line endings\n" . $herevet);

                } elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
                        my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
                        ERROR("trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet);
                }
#80 column limit
                if ($line =~ /^\+/ && !($prevrawline=~/\/\*\*/) && $length > 80) {
                        WARN("line over 80 characters\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check for adding lines without a newline.
                if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
                        WARN("adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check we are in a valid source file *.[hc] if not then ignore this hunk
                next if ($realfile !~ /\.[hc]$/);

# at the beginning of a line any tabs must come first and anything
# more than 8 must use tabs.
                if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
                    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
                        my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
                        ERROR("code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet);
                }

# check for RCS/CVS revision markers
                if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
                        WARN("CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
                }

# Check for potential 'bare' types
                my ($stat, $cond);
                if ($realcnt && $line =~ /.\s*\S/) {
                        ($stat, $cond) = ctx_statement_block($linenr,
                                                                $realcnt, 0);
                        $stat =~ s/\n./\n /g;
                        $cond =~ s/\n./\n /g;

                        my $s = $stat;
                        $s =~ s/{.*$//s;

                        # Ignore goto labels.
                        if ($s =~ /$Ident:\*$/s) {

                        # Ignore functions being called
                        } elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {

                        # definitions in global scope can only start with types
                        } elsif ($s =~ /^.(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b/s) {
                                possible($1, $s);

                        # declarations always start with types
                        } elsif ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b(:?\s+$Sparse)?\s*\**\s*$Ident\s*(?:;|=|,)/s) {
                                possible($1, $s);
                        }

                        # any (foo ... *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type
                        while ($s =~ /\(($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\*+\s*\)/sg) {
                                possible($1, $s);
                        }

                        # Check for any sort of function declaration.
                        # int foo(something bar, other baz);
                        # void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *);
                        if ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^(.(?:typedef\s*)?(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*(?:\b$Ident|\(\*\s*$Ident\))\s*)\(/s) {
                                my ($name_len) = length($1);

                                my $ctx = $s;
                                substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, '');
                                $ctx =~ s/\)[^\)]*$//;

                                for my $arg (split(/\s*,\s*/, $ctx)) {
                                        if ($arg =~ /^(?:const\s+)?($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\**\s*(:?\b$Ident)?$/ || $arg =~ /^($Ident)$/) {

                                                possible($1, $s);
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                }

#
# Checks which may be anchored in the context.
#

# Check for switch () and associated case and default
# statements should be at the same indent.
                if ($line=~/\bswitch\s*\(.*\)/) {
                        my $err = '';
                        my $sep = '';
                        my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt);
                        shift(@ctx);
                        for my $ctx (@ctx) {
                                my ($clen, $cindent) = line_stats($ctx);
                                if ($ctx =~ /^\+\s*(case\s+|default:)/ &&
                                                        $indent != $cindent) {
                                        $err .= "$sep$ctx\n";
                                        $sep = '';
                                } else {
                                        $sep = "[...]\n";
                                }
                        }
                        if ($err ne '') {
                                ERROR("switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
                        }
                }

# if/while/etc brace do not go on next line, unless defining a do while loop,
# or if that brace on the next line is for something else
                if ($line =~ /(.*)\b((?:if|while|for|switch)\s*\(|do\b|else\b)/ && $line !~ /^.#/) {
                        my $pre_ctx = "$1$2";

                        my ($level, @ctx) = ctx_statement_level($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
                        my $ctx_ln = $linenr + $#ctx + 1;
                        my $ctx_cnt = $realcnt - $#ctx - 1;
                        my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);

                        ##warn "realcnt<$realcnt> ctx_cnt<$ctx_cnt>\n";

                        # Skip over any removed lines in the context following statement.
                        while (defined($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^-/) {
                                $ctx_ln++;
                        }
                        ##warn "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";

                        if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln -1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
                                ERROR("that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
                                        "$here\n$ctx\n$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]");
                        }
                        if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
                            $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ &&
                            defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1])
                        {
                                my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
                                if ($nindent > $indent) {
                                        WARN("trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
                                                "$here\n$ctx\n$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]");
                                }
                        }
                }

                # Track the 'values' across context and added lines.
                my $opline = $line; $opline =~ s/^./ /;
                my $curr_values = annotate_values($opline . "\n", $prev_values);
                $curr_values = $prev_values . $curr_values;
                if ($dbg_values) {
                        my $outline = $opline; $outline =~ s/\t/ /g;
                        print "$linenr > .$outline\n";
                        print "$linenr > $curr_values\n";
                }
                $prev_values = substr($curr_values, -1);

#ignore lines not being added
                if ($line=~/^[^\+]/) {next;}

# TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
                if ($tst_type && $line =~ /^.$Declare$/) {
                        ERROR("TEST: is type $Declare\n" . $herecurr);
                        next;
                }

# check for initialisation to aggregates open brace on the next line
                if ($prevline =~ /$Declare\s*$Ident\s*=\s*$/ &&
                    $line =~ /^.\s*{/) {
                        ERROR("that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev);
                }

#
# Checks which are anchored on the added line.
#

# check for malformed paths in #include statements (uses RAW line)
                if ($rawline =~ m{^.#\s*include\s+[<"](.*)[">]}) {
                        my $path = $1;
                        if ($path =~ m{//}) {
                                ERROR("malformed #include filename\n" .
                                        $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# no C99 // comments
                if ($line =~ m{//}) {
                        ERROR("do not use C99 // comments\n" . $herecurr);
                }
                # Remove C99 comments.
                $line =~ s@//.*@@;
                $opline =~ s@//.*@@;

#EXPORT_SYMBOL should immediately follow its function closing }.
                if (($line =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/) ||
                    ($line =~ /EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
                        my $name = $1;
                        if (($prevline !~ /^}/) &&
                           ($prevline !~ /^\+}/) &&
                           ($prevline !~ /^ }/) &&
                           ($prevline !~ /^.DECLARE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)/) &&
                           ($prevline !~ /^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)/) &&
                           ($prevline !~ /^.$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(/) &&
                           ($prevline !~ /\b\Q$name\E(?:\s+$Attribute)?\s*(?:;|=|\[)/)) {
                                WARN("EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# check for external initialisers.
                if ($line =~ /^.$Type\s*$Ident\s*=\s*(0|NULL|false)\s*;/) {
                        ERROR("do not initialise externals to 0 or NULL\n" .
                                $herecurr);
                }
# check for static initialisers.
                if ($line =~ /\s*static\s.*=\s*(0|NULL|false)\s*;/) {
                        ERROR("do not initialise statics to 0 or NULL\n" .
                                $herecurr);
                }

# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
# make sense.
                if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
                    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
                    $line !~ /\b__bitwise(?:__|)\b/) {
                        WARN("do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# * goes on variable not on type
                if ($line =~ m{\($NonptrType(\*+)(?:\s+const)?\)}) {
                        ERROR("\"(foo$1)\" should be \"(foo $1)\"\n" .
                                $herecurr);

                } elsif ($line =~ m{\($NonptrType\s+(\*+)(?!\s+const)\s+\)}) {
                        ERROR("\"(foo $1 )\" should be \"(foo $1)\"\n" .
                                $herecurr);

                } elsif ($line =~ m{$NonptrType(\*+)(?:\s+(?:$Attribute|$Sparse))?\s+[A-Za-z\d_]+}) {
                        ERROR("\"foo$1 bar\" should be \"foo $1bar\"\n" .
                                $herecurr);

                } elsif ($line =~ m{$NonptrType\s+(\*+)(?!\s+(?:$Attribute|$Sparse))\s+[A-Za-z\d_]+}) {
                        ERROR("\"foo $1 bar\" should be \"foo $1bar\"\n" .
                                $herecurr);
                }

# # no BUG() or BUG_ON()
#               if ($line =~ /\b(BUG|BUG_ON)\b/) {
#                       print "Try to use WARN_ON & Recovery code rather than BUG() or BUG_ON()\n";
#                       print "$herecurr";
#                       $clean = 0;
#               }

                if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
                        WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# printk should use KERN_* levels.  Note that follow on printk's on the
# same line do not need a level, so we use the current block context
# to try and find and validate the current printk.  In summary the current
# printk includes all preceeding printk's which have no newline on the end.
# we assume the first bad printk is the one to report.
                if ($line =~ /\bprintk\((?!KERN_)\s*"/) {
                        my $ok = 0;
                        for (my $ln = $linenr - 1; $ln >= $first_line; $ln--) {
                                #print "CHECK<$lines[$ln - 1]\n";
                                # we have a preceeding printk if it ends
                                # with "\n" ignore it, else it is to blame
                                if ($lines[$ln - 1] =~ m{\bprintk\(}) {
                                        if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m{\\n"}) {
                                                $ok = 1;
                                        }
                                        last;
                                }
                        }
                        if ($ok == 0) {
                                WARN("printk() should include KERN_ facility level\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
# or if closed on same line
                if (($line=~/$Type\s*[A-Za-z\d_]+\(.*\).*\s{/) and
                    !($line=~/\#define.*do\s{/) and !($line=~/}/)) {
                        ERROR("open brace '{' following function declarations go on the next line\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
                if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
                    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
                        ERROR("open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev);
                }

# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
                while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
                        my $name = $1;
                        my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
                        my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";

                        # Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
                        if ($name =~ /^(?:
                                if|for|while|switch|return|case|
                                volatile|__volatile__|
                                __attribute__|format|__extension__|
                                asm|__asm__)$/x)
                        {

                        # cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
                        # if there is a space between the name and the open
                        # parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
                        } elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\#\s*define\s*$/) {

                        # cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
                        } elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\#\s*elif\s*$/) {

                        # If this whole things ends with a type its most
                        # likely a typedef for a function.
                        } elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {

                        } else {
                                WARN("space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }
# Check operator spacing.
                if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
                        my $ops = qr{
                                <<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
                                \+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
                                =>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
                                &&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%
                        }x;
                        my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
                        my $off = 0;

                        my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);

                        for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
                                $off += length($elements[$n]);

                                # Pick up the preceeding and succeeding characters.
                                my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
                                my $cc = '';
                                if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
                                        $cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
                                }
                                my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";

                                my $a = '';
                                $a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
                                $a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
                                $a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
                                $a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
                                $a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
                                $a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);

                                my $op = $elements[$n + 1];

                                my $c = '';
                                if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
                                        $c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
                                        $c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
                                        $c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
                                        $c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
                                        $c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
                                        $c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /\s*\\$/);
                                } else {
                                        $c = 'E';
                                }

                                my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";

                                my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";

                                my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
                                my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";

                                # Classify operators into binary, unary, or
                                # definitions (* only) where they have more
                                # than one mode.
                                my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);
                                my $op_left = substr($curr_values, $off, 1);
                                my $is_unary;
                                if ($op_type eq 'T') {
                                        $is_unary = 2;
                                } elsif ($op_left eq 'V') {
                                        $is_unary = 0;
                                } else {
                                        $is_unary = 1;
                                }
                                #if ($op eq '-' || $op eq '&' || $op eq '*') {
                                #       print "UNARY: <$op_left$op_type $is_unary $a:$op:$c> <$ca:$op:$cc> <$unary_ctx>\n";
                                #}

                                # Ignore operators passed as parameters.
                                if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
                                    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*,/) {

#                               # Ignore comments
#                               } elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {

                                # ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
                                } elsif ($op eq ';') {
                                        if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
                                            $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
                                                ERROR("space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }

                                # // is a comment
                                } elsif ($op eq '//') {

                                # -> should have no spaces
                                } elsif ($op eq '->') {
                                        if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
                                                ERROR("spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }

                                # , must have a space on the right.
                                } elsif ($op eq ',') {
                                        if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
                                                ERROR("space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }

                                # '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
                                } elsif ($op eq '*' && $is_unary == 2) {
                                        #warn "'*' is part of type\n";

                                # unary operators should have a space before and
                                # none after.  May be left adjacent to another
                                # unary operator, or a cast
                                } elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
                                         ($is_unary && ($op eq '*' || $op eq '-' || $op eq '&'))) {
                                        if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
                                                ERROR("space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }
                                        if ($op  eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*const\b/) {
                                                # A unary '*' may be const

                                        } elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
                                                ERROR("space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }

                                # unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
                                } elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
                                        if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
                                                ERROR("space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }
                                        if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
                                            ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
                                                ERROR("space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }
                                        if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
                                                ERROR("space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }


                                # << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
                                } elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
                                         $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
                                         $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
                                         $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
                                         $op eq '%')
                                {
                                        if ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
                                                ERROR("need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" .
                                                        $hereptr);
                                        }

                                # All the others need spaces both sides.
                                } elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
                                        # Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
                                        if (!($op eq '<' && $cb =~ /$;\S+\@\S+>/) &&
                                            !($op eq '>' && $cb =~ /<\S+\@\S+$;/)) {
                                                ERROR("spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr);
                                        }
                                }
                                $off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
                        }
                }

# check for multiple assignments
                if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
                        CHK("multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
                }

## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
## # continuation.
##              if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
##                  $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
##
##                      # Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
##                      # falsly report the parameters of functions.
##                      my $ln = $line;
##                      while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
##                      }
##                      if ($ln =~ /,/) {
##                              WARN("declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
##                      }
##              }

#need space before brace following if, while, etc
                if (($line =~ /\(.*\){/ && $line !~ /\($Type\){/) ||
                    $line =~ /do{/) {
                        ERROR("space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
# on the line
                if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)))\S/) {
                        ERROR("space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check spacing on square brackets
                if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
                        ERROR("space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr);
                }
                if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
                        ERROR("space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check spacing on paretheses
                if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
                    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
                        ERROR("space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
                }
                if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
                    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/) {
                        ERROR("space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr);
                }

#goto labels aren't indented, allow a single space however
                if ($line=~/^.\s+[A-Za-z\d_]+:(?![0-9]+)/ and
                   !($line=~/^. [A-Za-z\d_]+:/) and !($line=~/^.\s+default:/)) {
                        WARN("labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
                if ($line=~/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
                        ERROR("space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional.
                if ($line =~ /\bif\s*\(/) {
                        my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);

                        if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/) {
                                ERROR("do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr);
                        }

                        # Find out what is on the end of the line after the
                        # conditional.
                        substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
                        $s =~ s/\n.*//g;
                        $s =~ s/$;//g;  # Remove any comments
                        if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*({|;|)\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
                            $c !~ /^.\#\s*if/)
                        {
                                ERROR("trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
                if ($line =~ /
                        (?:
                                (?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
                                \s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
                                (?:\&\&|\|\|)
                        |
                                (?:\&\&|\|\|)
                                \s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
                                (?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
                        )/x)
                {
                        WARN("boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# if and else should not have general statements after it
                if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
                        my $s = $1;
                        $s =~ s/$;//g;  # Remove any comments
                        if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
                                ERROR("trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

                # Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
                # indent level to be relevant to each other.
                if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ and
                                                $previndent == $indent) {
                        ERROR("else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev);
                }

                if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ and
                                                $previndent == $indent) {
                        my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);

                        # Find out what is on the end of the line after the
                        # conditional.
                        substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
                        $s =~ s/\n.*//g;

                        if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
                                ERROR("while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev);
                        }
                }

#studly caps, commented out until figure out how to distinguish between use of existing and adding new
#               if (($line=~/[\w_][a-z\d]+[A-Z]/) and !($line=~/print/)) {
#                   print "No studly caps, use _\n";
#                   print "$herecurr";
#                   $clean = 0;
#               }

#no spaces allowed after \ in define
                if ($line=~/\#define.*\\\s$/) {
                        WARN("Whitepspace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr);
                }

#warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available (uses RAW line)
                if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
                        my $checkfile = "$root/include/linux/$1.h";
                        if (-f $checkfile && $1 ne 'irq') {
                                WARN("Use #include <linux/$1.h> instead of <asm/$1.h>\n" .
                                        $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
# in a known good container
                if ($prevline =~ /\#define.*\\/ &&
                   $prevline !~/(?:do\s+{|\(\{|\{)/ &&
                   $line !~ /(?:do\s+{|\(\{|\{)/ &&
                   $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s/) {
                        # Grab the first statement, if that is the entire macro
                        # its ok.  This may start either on the #define line
                        # or the one below.
                        my $ln = $linenr;
                        my $cnt = $realcnt;
                        my $off = 0;

                        # If the macro starts on the define line start
                        # grabbing the statement after the identifier
                        $prevline =~ m{^(.#\s*define\s*$Ident(?:\([^\)]*\))?\s*)(.*)\\\s*$};
                        ##print "1<$1> 2<$2>\n";
                        if (defined $2 && $2 ne '') {
                                $off = length($1);
                                $ln--;
                                $cnt++;
                                while ($lines[$ln - 1] =~ /^-/) {
                                        $ln--;
                                        $cnt++;
                                }
                        }
                        my @ctx = ctx_statement($ln, $cnt, $off);
                        my $ctx_ln = $ln + $#ctx + 1;
                        my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);

                        # Pull in any empty extension lines.
                        while ($ctx =~ /\\$/ &&
                               $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^.\s*(?:\\)?$/) {
                                $ctx .= $lines[$ctx_ln - 1];
                                $ctx_ln++;
                        }

                        if ($ctx =~ /\\$/) {
                                if ($ctx =~ /;/) {
                                        ERROR("Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$here\n$ctx\n");
                                } else {
                                        ERROR("Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parenthesis\n" . "$here\n$ctx\n");
                                }
                        }
                }

# check for redundant bracing round if etc
                if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
                        my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
                                ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
                        #print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
                        #print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
                        if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
                                my $allowed = 0;
                                my $seen = 0;
                                my $herectx = $here . "\n";
                                my $ln = $linenr - 1;
                                for my $chunk (@chunks) {
                                        my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};

                                        # If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
                                        my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
                                        my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;

                                        #print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";

                                        # We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
                                        $suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;

                                        $herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
                                        $ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;

                                        substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');

                                        $seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);

                                        #print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed>\n";
                                        if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
                                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
                                                $allowed = 1;
                                        }
                                        if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
                                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
                                                $allowed = 1;
                                        }
                                        if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
                                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
                                                $allowed = 1;
                                        }
                                }
                                if ($seen && !$allowed) {
                                        WARN("braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
                                }
                        }
                }
                if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
                                        $line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
                        my $allowed = 0;

                        # Check the pre-context.
                        if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
                                $allowed = 1;
                        }

                        my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
                                ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);

                        # Check the condition.
                        my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
                        #print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
                        if (defined $cond) {
                                substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
                        }
                        if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
                                $allowed = 1;
                        }
                        if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
                                $allowed = 1;
                        }
                        if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
                                #print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
                                $allowed = 1;
                        }
                        # Check the post-context.
                        if (defined $chunks[1]) {
                                my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
                                if (defined $cond) {
                                        substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
                                }
                                if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
                                        #print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
                                        $allowed = 1;
                                }
                        }
                        if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
                                my $herectx = $here . "\n";;
                                my $end = $linenr + statement_rawlines($block) - 1;

                                for (my $ln = $linenr - 1; $ln < $end; $ln++) {
                                        $herectx .= $rawlines[$ln] . "\n";;
                                }

                                WARN("braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
                        }
                }

# don't include deprecated include files (uses RAW line)
                for my $inc (@dep_includes) {
                        if ($rawline =~ m@\#\s*include\s*\<$inc>@) {
                                ERROR("Don't use <$inc>: see Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# don't use deprecated functions
                for my $func (@dep_functions) {
                        if ($line =~ /\b$func\b/) {
                                ERROR("Don't use $func(): see Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# no volatiles please
                my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
                if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
                        WARN("Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/volatile-considered-harmful.txt\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED & RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED are deprecated
                if ($line =~ /\b(SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED|RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED)/) {
                        ERROR("Use of $1 is deprecated: see Documentation/spinlocks.txt\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# warn about #if 0
                if ($line =~ /^.#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
                        CHK("if this code is redundant consider removing it\n" .
                                $herecurr);
                }

# check for needless kfree() checks
                if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(([^\)]*)\)/) {
                        my $expr = $1;
                        if ($line =~ /\bkfree\(\Q$expr\E\);/) {
                                WARN("kfree(NULL) is safe this check is probabally not required\n" . $hereprev);
                        }
                }
# check for needless usb_free_urb() checks
                if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(([^\)]*)\)/) {
                        my $expr = $1;
                        if ($line =~ /\busb_free_urb\(\Q$expr\E\);/) {
                                WARN("usb_free_urb(NULL) is safe this check is probabally not required\n" . $hereprev);
                        }
                }

# warn about #ifdefs in C files
#               if ($line =~ /^.#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
#                       print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
#                       print "$herecurr";
#                       $clean = 0;
#               }

# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
                if ($line =~ /^.#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
                        ERROR("exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
                if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
                    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
                        my $which = $1;
                        if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
                                CHK("$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }
# check for memory barriers without a comment.
                if ($line =~ /\b(mb|rmb|wmb|read_barrier_depends|smp_mb|smp_rmb|smp_wmb|smp_read_barrier_depends)\(/) {
                        if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
                                CHK("memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }
# check of hardware specific defines
                if ($line =~ m@^.#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
                        CHK("architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
                }

# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
# storage class and type.
                if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
                    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
                        ERROR("inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
                if ($line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
                        WARN("plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check for new externs in .c files.
                if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
                    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+$Ident(\s*)\(/s)
                {
                        my $paren_space = $1;

                        my $s = $stat;
                        if (defined $cond) {
                                substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
                        }
                        if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
                                WARN("externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
                        }

                        if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
                                WARN("arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
                        }

                } elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
                    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
                {
                        WARN("externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
                }

# checks for new __setup's
                if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
                        my $name = $1;

                        if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
                                CHK("__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt\n" . $herecurr);
                        }
                }

# check for pointless casting of kmalloc return
                if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*k[czm]alloc\b/) {
                        WARN("unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
                if ($line =~ /__FUNCTION__/) {
                        WARN("__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr);
                }

# check for semaphores used as mutexes
                if ($line =~ /^.\s*(DECLARE_MUTEX|init_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
                        WARN("mutexes are preferred for single holder semaphores\n" . $herecurr);
                }
# check for semaphores used as mutexes
                if ($line =~ /^.\s*init_MUTEX_LOCKED\s*\(/) {
                        WARN("consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);
                }
# recommend strict_strto* over simple_strto*
                if ($line =~ /\bsimple_(strto.*?)\s*\(/) {
                        WARN("consider using strict_$1 in preference to simple_$1\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# use of NR_CPUS is usually wrong
# ignore definitions of NR_CPUS and usage to define arrays as likely right
                if ($line =~ /\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
                    $line !~ /^.#\s*if\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
                    $line !~ /^.#\s*define\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
                    $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s.*\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
                    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
                    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*\]/)
                {
                        WARN("usage of NR_CPUS is often wrong - consider using cpu_possible(), num_possible_cpus(), for_each_possible_cpu(), etc\n" . $herecurr);
                }

# check for %L{u,d,i} in strings
                my $string;
                while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) {
                        $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]);
                        if ($string =~ /(?<!%)%L[udi]/) {
                                WARN("\%Ld/%Lu are not-standard C, use %lld/%llu\n" . $herecurr);
                                last;
                        }
                }
        }

        # If we have no input at all, then there is nothing to report on
        # so just keep quiet.
        if ($#rawlines == -1) {
                exit(0);
        }

        # In mailback mode only produce a report in the negative, for
        # things that appear to be patches.
        if ($mailback && ($clean == 1 || !$is_patch)) {
                exit(0);
        }

        # This is not a patch, and we are are in 'no-patch' mode so
        # just keep quiet.
        if (!$chk_patch && !$is_patch) {
                exit(0);
        }

        if (!$is_patch) {
                ERROR("Does not appear to be a unified-diff format patch\n");
        }
        if ($is_patch && $chk_signoff && $signoff == 0) {
                ERROR("Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n");
        }

        print report_dump();
        if ($summary && !($clean == 1 && $quiet == 1)) {
                print "$filename " if ($summary_file);
                print "total: $cnt_error errors, $cnt_warn warnings, " .
                        (($check)? "$cnt_chk checks, " : "") .
                        "$cnt_lines lines checked\n";
                print "\n" if ($quiet == 0);
        }

        if ($clean == 1 && $quiet == 0) {
                print "$vname has no obvious style problems and is ready for submission.\n"
        }
        if ($clean == 0 && $quiet == 0) {
                print "$vname has style problems, please review.  If any of these errors\n";
                print "are false positives report them to the maintainer, see\n";
                print "CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.\n";
        }

        return $clean;
}