1 Application Data Integrity (ADI)
2 ================================
4 SPARC M7 processor adds the Application Data Integrity (ADI) feature.
5 ADI allows a task to set version tags on any subset of its address
6 space. Once ADI is enabled and version tags are set for ranges of
7 address space of a task, the processor will compare the tag in pointers
8 to memory in these ranges to the version set by the application
9 previously. Access to memory is granted only if the tag in given pointer
10 matches the tag set by the application. In case of mismatch, processor
13 Following steps must be taken by a task to enable ADI fully:
15 1. Set the user mode PSTATE.mcde bit. This acts as master switch for
16 the task's entire address space to enable/disable ADI for the task.
18 2. Set TTE.mcd bit on any TLB entries that correspond to the range of
19 addresses ADI is being enabled on. MMU checks the version tag only
20 on the pages that have TTE.mcd bit set.
22 3. Set the version tag for virtual addresses using stxa instruction
23 and one of the MCD specific ASIs. Each stxa instruction sets the
24 given tag for one ADI block size number of bytes. This step must
25 be repeated for entire page to set tags for entire page.
27 ADI block size for the platform is provided by the hypervisor to kernel
28 in machine description tables. Hypervisor also provides the number of
29 top bits in the virtual address that specify the version tag. Once
30 version tag has been set for a memory location, the tag is stored in the
31 physical memory and the same tag must be present in the ADI version tag
32 bits of the virtual address being presented to the MMU. For example on
33 SPARC M7 processor, MMU uses bits 63-60 for version tags and ADI block
34 size is same as cacheline size which is 64 bytes. A task that sets ADI
35 version to, say 10, on a range of memory, must access that memory using
36 virtual addresses that contain 0xa in bits 63-60.
38 ADI is enabled on a set of pages using mprotect() with PROT_ADI flag.
39 When ADI is enabled on a set of pages by a task for the first time,
40 kernel sets the PSTATE.mcde bit fot the task. Version tags for memory
41 addresses are set with an stxa instruction on the addresses using
42 ASI_MCD_PRIMARY or ASI_MCD_ST_BLKINIT_PRIMARY. ADI block size is
43 provided by the hypervisor to the kernel. Kernel returns the value of
44 ADI block size to userspace using auxiliary vector along with other ADI
45 info. Following auxiliary vectors are provided by the kernel:
47 AT_ADI_BLKSZ ADI block size. This is the granularity and
48 alignment, in bytes, of ADI versioning.
49 AT_ADI_NBITS Number of ADI version bits in the VA
54 - Version tag values of 0x0 and 0xf are reserved. These values match any
55 tag in virtual address and never generate a mismatch exception.
57 - Version tags are set on virtual addresses from userspace even though
58 tags are stored in physical memory. Tags are set on a physical page
59 after it has been allocated to a task and a pte has been created for
62 - When a task frees a memory page it had set version tags on, the page
63 goes back to free page pool. When this page is re-allocated to a task,
64 kernel clears the page using block initialization ASI which clears the
65 version tags as well for the page. If a page allocated to a task is
66 freed and allocated back to the same task, old version tags set by the
67 task on that page will no longer be present.
69 - ADI tag mismatches are not detected for non-faulting loads.
71 - Kernel does not set any tags for user pages and it is entirely a
72 task's responsibility to set any version tags. Kernel does ensure the
73 version tags are preserved if a page is swapped out to the disk and
74 swapped back in. It also preserves that version tags if a page is
77 - ADI works for any size pages. A userspace task need not be aware of
78 page size when using ADI. It can simply select a virtual address
79 range, enable ADI on the range using mprotect() and set version tags
80 for the entire range. mprotect() ensures range is aligned to page size
81 and is a multiple of page size.
83 - ADI tags can only be set on writable memory. For example, ADI tags can
84 not be set on read-only mappings.
91 With ADI enabled, following new traps may occur:
93 Disrupting memory corruption
95 When a store accesses a memory localtion that has TTE.mcd=1,
96 the task is running with ADI enabled (PSTATE.mcde=1), and the ADI
97 tag in the address used (bits 63:60) does not match the tag set on
98 the corresponding cacheline, a memory corruption trap occurs. By
99 default, it is a disrupting trap and is sent to the hypervisor
100 first. Hypervisor creates a sun4v error report and sends a
101 resumable error (TT=0x7e) trap to the kernel. The kernel sends
102 a SIGSEGV to the task that resulted in this trap with the following
105 siginfo.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
107 siginfo.si_code = SEGV_ADIDERR;
108 siginfo.si_addr = addr; /* PC where first mismatch occurred */
109 siginfo.si_trapno = 0;
112 Precise memory corruption
114 When a store accesses a memory location that has TTE.mcd=1,
115 the task is running with ADI enabled (PSTATE.mcde=1), and the ADI
116 tag in the address used (bits 63:60) does not match the tag set on
117 the corresponding cacheline, a memory corruption trap occurs. If
118 MCD precise exception is enabled (MCDPERR=1), a precise
119 exception is sent to the kernel with TT=0x1a. The kernel sends
120 a SIGSEGV to the task that resulted in this trap with the following
123 siginfo.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
125 siginfo.si_code = SEGV_ADIPERR;
126 siginfo.si_addr = addr; /* address that caused trap */
127 siginfo.si_trapno = 0;
129 NOTE: ADI tag mismatch on a load always results in precise trap.
134 When a task has not enabled ADI and attempts to set ADI version
135 on a memory address, processor sends an MCD disabled trap. This
136 trap is handled by hypervisor first and the hypervisor vectors this
137 trap through to the kernel as Data Access Exception trap with
138 fault type set to 0xa (invalid ASI). When this occurs, the kernel
139 sends the task SIGSEGV signal with following info:
141 siginfo.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
143 siginfo.si_code = SEGV_ACCADI;
144 siginfo.si_addr = addr; /* address that caused trap */
145 siginfo.si_trapno = 0;
148 Sample program to use ADI
149 -------------------------
151 Following sample program is meant to illustrate how to use the ADI
160 #include <sys/mman.h>
164 #define AT_ADI_BLKSZ 48
167 #define AT_ADI_NBITS 49
171 #define PROT_ADI 0x10
174 #define BUFFER_SIZE 32*1024*1024UL
176 main(int argc, char* argv[], char* envp[])
178 unsigned long i, mcde, adi_blksz, adi_nbits;
179 char *shmaddr, *tmp_addr, *end, *veraddr, *clraddr;
185 while(*envp++ != NULL);
186 for (auxv = (Elf64_auxv_t *)envp; auxv->a_type != AT_NULL; auxv++) {
187 switch (auxv->a_type) {
189 adi_blksz = auxv->a_un.a_val;
192 adi_nbits = auxv->a_un.a_val;
196 if (adi_blksz == 0) {
197 fprintf(stderr, "Oops! ADI is not supported\n");
201 printf("ADI capabilities:\n");
202 printf("\tBlock size = %ld\n", adi_blksz);
203 printf("\tNumber of bits = %ld\n", adi_nbits);
205 if ((shmid = shmget(2, BUFFER_SIZE,
206 IPC_CREAT | SHM_R | SHM_W)) < 0) {
207 perror("shmget failed");
211 shmaddr = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
212 if (shmaddr == (char *)-1) {
213 perror("shm attach failed");
214 shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
218 if (mprotect(shmaddr, BUFFER_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_ADI)) {
219 perror("mprotect failed");
223 /* Set the ADI version tag on the shm segment
227 end = shmaddr + BUFFER_SIZE;
228 while (tmp_addr < end) {
230 "stxa %1, [%0]0x90\n\t"
232 : "r" (tmp_addr), "r" (version));
233 tmp_addr += adi_blksz;
235 asm volatile("membar #Sync\n\t");
237 /* Create a versioned address from the normal address by placing
238 * version tag in the upper adi_nbits bits
240 tmp_addr = (void *) ((unsigned long)shmaddr << adi_nbits);
241 tmp_addr = (void *) ((unsigned long)tmp_addr >> adi_nbits);
242 veraddr = (void *) (((unsigned long)version << (64-adi_nbits))
243 | (unsigned long)tmp_addr);
245 printf("Starting the writes:\n");
246 for (i = 0; i < BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
247 veraddr[i] = (char)(i);
248 if (!(i % (1024 * 1024)))
253 printf("Verifying data...");
255 for (i = 0; i < BUFFER_SIZE; i++)
256 if (veraddr[i] != (char)i)
257 printf("\nIndex %lu mismatched\n", i);
260 /* Disable ADI and clean up
262 if (mprotect(shmaddr, BUFFER_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
263 perror("mprotect failed");
267 if (shmdt((const void *)shmaddr) != 0)
268 perror("Detach failure");
269 shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
274 if (shmdt((const void *)shmaddr) != 0)
275 perror("Detach failure");
276 shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);