2 * linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/head.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
4 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
7 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
8 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
12 #include <linux/linkage.h>
13 #include <linux/threads.h>
14 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <asm/segment.h>
16 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
19 #include <asm/cache.h>
20 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
21 #include <asm/percpu.h>
23 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
24 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
25 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
27 #define GET_CR2_INTO_RCX movq %cr2, %rcx
30 /* we are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE
31 * because we need identity-mapped pages.
35 #define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1))
37 L4_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)
38 L3_PAGE_OFFSET = pud_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)
39 L4_START_KERNEL = pgd_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
40 L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
49 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 1,
50 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table
51 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the
52 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory.
54 * %esi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
56 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from
57 * arch/x86_64/boot/compressed/head.S.
59 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here.
61 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were
62 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page
63 * tables and then reload them.
66 /* Compute the delta between the address I am compiled to run at and the
67 * address I am actually running at.
69 leaq _text(%rip), %rbp
70 subq $_text - __START_KERNEL_map, %rbp
72 /* Is the address not 2M aligned? */
74 andl $~PMD_PAGE_MASK, %eax
78 /* Is the address too large? */
79 leaq _text(%rip), %rdx
80 movq $PGDIR_SIZE, %rax
84 /* Fixup the physical addresses in the page table
86 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + 0(%rip)
87 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + (L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8)(%rip)
88 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + (L4_START_KERNEL*8)(%rip)
90 addq %rbp, level3_ident_pgt + 0(%rip)
92 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (510*8)(%rip)
93 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (511*8)(%rip)
95 addq %rbp, level2_fixmap_pgt + (506*8)(%rip)
97 /* Add an Identity mapping if I am above 1G */
98 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi
99 andq $PMD_PAGE_MASK, %rdi
102 shrq $PUD_SHIFT, %rax
103 andq $(PTRS_PER_PUD - 1), %rax
106 leaq (level2_spare_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE)(%rbp), %rdx
107 leaq level3_ident_pgt(%rip), %rbx
108 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx, %rax, 8)
111 shrq $PMD_SHIFT, %rax
112 andq $(PTRS_PER_PMD - 1), %rax
113 leaq __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC(%rdi), %rdx
114 leaq level2_spare_pgt(%rip), %rbx
115 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx, %rax, 8)
119 * Fixup the kernel text+data virtual addresses. Note that
120 * we might write invalid pmds, when the kernel is relocated
121 * cleanup_highmap() fixes this up along with the mappings
125 leaq level2_kernel_pgt(%rip), %rdi
127 /* See if it is a valid page table entry */
131 /* Go to the next page */
136 /* Fixup phys_base */
137 addq %rbp, phys_base(%rip)
139 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_TRAMPOLINE
140 addq %rbp, trampoline_level4_pgt + 0(%rip)
141 addq %rbp, trampoline_level4_pgt + (511*8)(%rip)
144 /* Due to ENTRY(), sometimes the empty space gets filled with
145 * zeros. Better take a jmp than relying on empty space being
146 * filled with 0x90 (nop)
148 jmp secondary_startup_64
149 ENTRY(secondary_startup_64)
151 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 1,
152 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table.
154 * %esi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
156 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses)
157 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses).
159 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need
160 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table
161 * after the boot processor executes this code.
164 /* Enable PAE mode and PGE */
165 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_PGE), %eax
168 /* Setup early boot stage 4 level pagetables. */
169 movq $(init_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
170 addq phys_base(%rip), %rax
173 /* Ensure I am executing from virtual addresses */
178 /* Check if nx is implemented */
179 movl $0x80000001, %eax
183 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
186 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */
187 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */
190 1: wrmsr /* Make changes effective */
193 #define CR0_STATE (X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_ET | \
194 X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_WP | X86_CR0_AM | \
196 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax
197 /* Make changes effective */
200 /* Setup a boot time stack */
201 movq stack_start(%rip),%rsp
203 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
208 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
209 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
210 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
211 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
213 lgdt early_gdt_descr(%rip)
215 /* set up data segments */
222 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway
223 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution
231 * The base of %gs always points to the bottom of the irqstack
232 * union. If the stack protector canary is enabled, it is
233 * located at %gs:40. Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses
234 * init data section till per cpu areas are set up.
236 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
237 movq initial_gs(%rip),%rax
242 /* esi is pointer to real mode structure with interesting info.
246 /* Finally jump to run C code and to be on real kernel address
247 * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump
248 * to the full 64bit address, this is only possible as indirect
249 * jump. In addition we need to ensure %cs is set so we make this
252 movq initial_code(%rip),%rax
253 pushq $0 # fake return address to stop unwinder
254 pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs
255 pushq %rax # target address in negative space
258 /* SMP bootup changes these two */
262 .quad x86_64_start_kernel
264 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_union)
267 .quad init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE-8
274 .section ".init.text","ax"
275 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
276 .globl early_idt_handlers
279 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
281 jmp early_idt_handler
286 ENTRY(early_idt_handler)
287 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
288 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
290 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
293 xorl %r8d,%r8d # zero for error code
294 movl %esi,%ecx # get vector number
295 # Test %ecx against mask of vectors that push error code.
302 popq %r8 # get error code
303 0: movq 0(%rsp),%rcx # get ip
304 movq 8(%rsp),%rdx # get cs
306 leaq early_idt_msg(%rip),%rdi
308 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
311 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
312 leaq early_idt_ripmsg(%rip),%rdi
313 movq 0(%rsp),%rsi # get rip again
316 #endif /* EARLY_PRINTK */
320 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
321 early_recursion_flag:
325 .asciz "PANIC: early exception %02lx rip %lx:%lx error %lx cr2 %lx\n"
328 #endif /* CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK */
331 #define NEXT_PAGE(name) \
335 /* Automate the creation of 1 to 1 mapping pmd entries */
336 #define PMDS(START, PERM, COUNT) \
339 .quad (START) + (i << PMD_SHIFT) + (PERM) ; \
345 * This default setting generates an ident mapping at address 0x100000
346 * and a mapping for the kernel that precisely maps virtual address
347 * 0xffffffff80000000 to physical address 0x000000. (always using
348 * 2Mbyte large pages provided by PAE mode)
350 NEXT_PAGE(init_level4_pgt)
351 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
352 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0
353 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
354 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0
355 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
356 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
358 NEXT_PAGE(level3_ident_pgt)
359 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
362 NEXT_PAGE(level3_kernel_pgt)
363 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0
364 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
365 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
366 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
368 NEXT_PAGE(level2_fixmap_pgt)
370 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
371 /* 8MB reserved for vsyscalls + a 2MB hole = 4 + 1 entries */
374 NEXT_PAGE(level1_fixmap_pgt)
377 NEXT_PAGE(level2_ident_pgt)
378 /* Since I easily can, map the first 1G.
379 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages.
381 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD)
383 NEXT_PAGE(level2_kernel_pgt)
385 * 512 MB kernel mapping. We spend a full page on this pagetable
388 * The kernel code+data+bss must not be bigger than that.
390 * (NOTE: at +512MB starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.
391 * If you want to increase this then increase MODULES_VADDR
394 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC,
395 KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE)
397 NEXT_PAGE(level2_spare_pgt)
405 .globl early_gdt_descr
407 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
408 early_gdt_descr_base:
409 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(gdt_page)
412 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */
413 .quad 0x0000000000000000
415 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
417 .section .bss, "aw", @nobits
418 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
420 .skip IDT_ENTRIES * 16
424 ENTRY(empty_zero_page)