include/linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h

   1 #ifndef __SPI_BITBANG_H
   2 #define __SPI_BITBANG_H
   3
   4 /*
   5  * Mix this utility code with some glue code to get one of several types of
   6  * simple SPI master driver.  Two do polled word-at-a-time I/O:
   7  *
   8  *   -  GPIO/parport bitbangers.  Provide chipselect() and txrx_word[](),
   9  *      expanding the per-word routines from the inline templates below.
  10  *
  11  *   -  Drivers for controllers resembling bare shift registers.  Provide
  12  *      chipselect() and txrx_word[](), with custom setup()/cleanup() methods
  13  *      that use your controller's clock and chipselect registers.
  14  *
  15  * Some hardware works well with requests at spi_transfer scope:
  16  *
  17  *   -  Drivers leveraging smarter hardware, with fifos or DMA; or for half
  18  *      duplex (MicroWire) controllers.  Provide chipslect() and txrx_bufs(),
  19  *      and custom setup()/cleanup() methods.
  20  */
  21
  22 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
  23
  24 struct spi_bitbang {
  25         struct workqueue_struct *workqueue;
  26         struct work_struct      work;
  27
  28         spinlock_t              lock;
  29         struct list_head        queue;
  30         u8                      busy;
  31         u8                      use_dma;
  32         u8                      flags;          /* extra spi->mode support */
  33
  34         struct spi_master       *master;
  35
  36         /* setup_transfer() changes clock and/or wordsize to match settings
  37          * for this transfer; zeroes restore defaults from spi_device.
  38          */
  39         int     (*setup_transfer)(struct spi_device *spi,
  40                         struct spi_transfer *t);
  41
  42         void    (*chipselect)(struct spi_device *spi, int is_on);
  43 #define BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE       1       /* normally nCS, active low */
  44 #define BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE     0
  45
  46         /* txrx_bufs() may handle dma mapping for transfers that don't
  47          * already have one (transfer.{tx,rx}_dma is zero), or use PIO
  48          */
  49         int     (*txrx_bufs)(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t);
  50
  51         /* txrx_word[SPI_MODE_*]() just looks like a shift register */
  52         u32     (*txrx_word[4])(struct spi_device *spi,
  53                         unsigned nsecs,
  54                         u32 word, u8 bits);
  55 };
  56
  57 /* you can call these default bitbang->master methods from your custom
  58  * methods, if you like.
  59  */
  60 extern int spi_bitbang_setup(struct spi_device *spi);
  61 extern void spi_bitbang_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi);
  62 extern int spi_bitbang_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *m);
  63 extern int spi_bitbang_setup_transfer(struct spi_device *spi,
  64                                       struct spi_transfer *t);
  65
  66 /* start or stop queue processing */
  67 extern int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *spi);
  68 extern int spi_bitbang_stop(struct spi_bitbang *spi);
  69
  70 #endif  /* __SPI_BITBANG_H */
  71
  72 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  73
  74 #ifdef  EXPAND_BITBANG_TXRX
  75
  76 /*
  77  * The code that knows what GPIO pins do what should have declared four
  78  * functions, ideally as inlines, before #defining EXPAND_BITBANG_TXRX
  79  * and including this header:
  80  *
  81  *  void setsck(struct spi_device *, int is_on);
  82  *  void setmosi(struct spi_device *, int is_on);
  83  *  int getmiso(struct spi_device *);
  84  *  void spidelay(unsigned);
  85  *
  86  * setsck()'s is_on parameter is a zero/nonzero boolean.
  87  *
  88  * setmosi()'s is_on parameter is a zero/nonzero boolean.
  89  *
  90  * getmiso() is required to return 0 or 1 only. Any other value is invalid
  91  * and will result in improper operation.
  92  *
  93  * A non-inlined routine would call bitbang_txrx_*() routines.  The
  94  * main loop could easily compile down to a handful of instructions,
  95  * especially if the delay is a NOP (to run at peak speed).
  96  *
  97  * Since this is software, the timings may not be exactly what your board's
  98  * chips need ... there may be several reasons you'd need to tweak timings
  99  * in these routines, not just make to make it faster or slower to match a
 100  * particular CPU clock rate.
 101  */
 102
 103 static inline u32
 104 bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(struct spi_device *spi,
 105                 unsigned nsecs, unsigned cpol,
 106                 u32 word, u8 bits)
 107 {
 108         /* if (cpol == 0) this is SPI_MODE_0; else this is SPI_MODE_2 */
 109
 110         /* clock starts at inactive polarity */
 111         for (word <<= (32 - bits); likely(bits); bits--) {
 112
 113                 /* setup MSB (to slave) on trailing edge */
 114                 setmosi(spi, word & (1 << 31));
 115                 spidelay(nsecs);        /* T(setup) */
 116
 117                 setsck(spi, !cpol);
 118                 spidelay(nsecs);
 119
 120                 /* sample MSB (from slave) on leading edge */
 121                 word <<= 1;
 122                 word |= getmiso(spi);
 123                 setsck(spi, cpol);
 124         }
 125         return word;
 126 }
 127
 128 static inline u32
 129 bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(struct spi_device *spi,
 130                 unsigned nsecs, unsigned cpol,
 131                 u32 word, u8 bits)
 132 {
 133         /* if (cpol == 0) this is SPI_MODE_1; else this is SPI_MODE_3 */
 134
 135         /* clock starts at inactive polarity */
 136         for (word <<= (32 - bits); likely(bits); bits--) {
 137
 138                 /* setup MSB (to slave) on leading edge */
 139                 setsck(spi, !cpol);
 140                 setmosi(spi, word & (1 << 31));
 141                 spidelay(nsecs); /* T(setup) */
 142
 143                 setsck(spi, cpol);
 144                 spidelay(nsecs);
 145
 146                 /* sample MSB (from slave) on trailing edge */
 147                 word <<= 1;
 148                 word |= getmiso(spi);
 149         }
 150         return word;
 151 }
 152
 153 #endif  /* EXPAND_BITBANG_TXRX */