Add linux-next specific files for 20110831

[linux-2.6/next.git] / arch / tile / kernel / backtrace.c

/*
 * Copyright 2010 Tilera Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *   as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 *   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, GOOD TITLE or
 *   NON INFRINGEMENT.  See the GNU General Public License for
 *   more details.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <asm/backtrace.h>
#include <asm/opcode-tile.h>
#include <arch/abi.h>

#ifdef __tilegx__
#define tile_bundle_bits tilegx_bundle_bits
#define TILE_MAX_INSTRUCTIONS_PER_BUNDLE TILEGX_MAX_INSTRUCTIONS_PER_BUNDLE
#define TILE_BUNDLE_ALIGNMENT_IN_BYTES TILEGX_BUNDLE_ALIGNMENT_IN_BYTES
#define tile_decoded_instruction tilegx_decoded_instruction
#define tile_mnemonic tilegx_mnemonic
#define parse_insn_tile parse_insn_tilegx
#define TILE_OPC_IRET TILEGX_OPC_IRET
#define TILE_OPC_ADDI TILEGX_OPC_ADDI
#define TILE_OPC_ADDLI TILEGX_OPC_ADDLI
#define TILE_OPC_INFO TILEGX_OPC_INFO
#define TILE_OPC_INFOL TILEGX_OPC_INFOL
#define TILE_OPC_JRP TILEGX_OPC_JRP
#define TILE_OPC_MOVE TILEGX_OPC_MOVE
#define OPCODE_STORE TILEGX_OPC_ST
typedef long long bt_int_reg_t;
#else
#define OPCODE_STORE TILE_OPC_SW
typedef int bt_int_reg_t;
#endif

/* A decoded bundle used for backtracer analysis. */
struct BacktraceBundle {
        tile_bundle_bits bits;
        int num_insns;
        struct tile_decoded_instruction
        insns[TILE_MAX_INSTRUCTIONS_PER_BUNDLE];
};


/* Locates an instruction inside the given bundle that
 * has the specified mnemonic, and whose first 'num_operands_to_match'
 * operands exactly match those in 'operand_values'.
 */
static const struct tile_decoded_instruction *find_matching_insn(
        const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle,
        tile_mnemonic mnemonic,
        const int *operand_values,
        int num_operands_to_match)
{
        int i, j;
        bool match;

        for (i = 0; i < bundle->num_insns; i++) {
                const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                        &bundle->insns[i];

                if (insn->opcode->mnemonic != mnemonic)
                        continue;

                match = true;
                for (j = 0; j < num_operands_to_match; j++) {
                        if (operand_values[j] != insn->operand_values[j]) {
                                match = false;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (match)
                        return insn;
        }

        return NULL;
}

/* Does this bundle contain an 'iret' instruction? */
static inline bool bt_has_iret(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle)
{
        return find_matching_insn(bundle, TILE_OPC_IRET, NULL, 0) != NULL;
}

/* Does this bundle contain an 'addi sp, sp, OFFSET' or
 * 'addli sp, sp, OFFSET' instruction, and if so, what is OFFSET?
 */
static bool bt_has_addi_sp(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle, int *adjust)
{
        static const int vals[2] = { TREG_SP, TREG_SP };

        const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                find_matching_insn(bundle, TILE_OPC_ADDI, vals, 2);
        if (insn == NULL)
                insn = find_matching_insn(bundle, TILE_OPC_ADDLI, vals, 2);
#ifdef __tilegx__
        if (insn == NULL)
                insn = find_matching_insn(bundle, TILEGX_OPC_ADDXLI, vals, 2);
        if (insn == NULL)
                insn = find_matching_insn(bundle, TILEGX_OPC_ADDXI, vals, 2);
#endif
        if (insn == NULL)
                return false;

        *adjust = insn->operand_values[2];
        return true;
}

/* Does this bundle contain any 'info OP' or 'infol OP'
 * instruction, and if so, what are their OP?  Note that OP is interpreted
 * as an unsigned value by this code since that's what the caller wants.
 * Returns the number of info ops found.
 */
static int bt_get_info_ops(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle,
                int operands[MAX_INFO_OPS_PER_BUNDLE])
{
        int num_ops = 0;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < bundle->num_insns; i++) {
                const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                        &bundle->insns[i];

                if (insn->opcode->mnemonic == TILE_OPC_INFO ||
                    insn->opcode->mnemonic == TILE_OPC_INFOL) {
                        operands[num_ops++] = insn->operand_values[0];
                }
        }

        return num_ops;
}

/* Does this bundle contain a jrp instruction, and if so, to which
 * register is it jumping?
 */
static bool bt_has_jrp(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle, int *target_reg)
{
        const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                find_matching_insn(bundle, TILE_OPC_JRP, NULL, 0);
        if (insn == NULL)
                return false;

        *target_reg = insn->operand_values[0];
        return true;
}

/* Does this bundle modify the specified register in any way? */
static bool bt_modifies_reg(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle, int reg)
{
        int i, j;
        for (i = 0; i < bundle->num_insns; i++) {
                const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                        &bundle->insns[i];

                if (insn->opcode->implicitly_written_register == reg)
                        return true;

                for (j = 0; j < insn->opcode->num_operands; j++)
                        if (insn->operands[j]->is_dest_reg &&
                            insn->operand_values[j] == reg)
                                return true;
        }

        return false;
}

/* Does this bundle modify sp? */
static inline bool bt_modifies_sp(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle)
{
        return bt_modifies_reg(bundle, TREG_SP);
}

/* Does this bundle modify lr? */
static inline bool bt_modifies_lr(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle)
{
        return bt_modifies_reg(bundle, TREG_LR);
}

/* Does this bundle contain the instruction 'move fp, sp'? */
static inline bool bt_has_move_r52_sp(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle)
{
        static const int vals[2] = { 52, TREG_SP };
        return find_matching_insn(bundle, TILE_OPC_MOVE, vals, 2) != NULL;
}

/* Does this bundle contain a store of lr to sp? */
static inline bool bt_has_sw_sp_lr(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle)
{
        static const int vals[2] = { TREG_SP, TREG_LR };
        return find_matching_insn(bundle, OPCODE_STORE, vals, 2) != NULL;
}

#ifdef __tilegx__
/* Track moveli values placed into registers. */
static inline void bt_update_moveli(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle,
                                    int moveli_args[])
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < bundle->num_insns; i++) {
                const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                        &bundle->insns[i];

                if (insn->opcode->mnemonic == TILEGX_OPC_MOVELI) {
                        int reg = insn->operand_values[0];
                        moveli_args[reg] = insn->operand_values[1];
                }
        }
}

/* Does this bundle contain an 'add sp, sp, reg' instruction
 * from a register that we saw a moveli into, and if so, what
 * is the value in the register?
 */
static bool bt_has_add_sp(const struct BacktraceBundle *bundle, int *adjust,
                          int moveli_args[])
{
        static const int vals[2] = { TREG_SP, TREG_SP };

        const struct tile_decoded_instruction *insn =
                find_matching_insn(bundle, TILEGX_OPC_ADDX, vals, 2);
        if (insn) {
                int reg = insn->operand_values[2];
                if (moveli_args[reg]) {
                        *adjust = moveli_args[reg];
                        return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
}
#endif

/* Locates the caller's PC and SP for a program starting at the
 * given address.
 */
static void find_caller_pc_and_caller_sp(CallerLocation *location,
                                         const unsigned long start_pc,
                                         BacktraceMemoryReader read_memory_func,
                                         void *read_memory_func_extra)
{
        /* Have we explicitly decided what the sp is,
         * rather than just the default?
         */
        bool sp_determined = false;

        /* Has any bundle seen so far modified lr? */
        bool lr_modified = false;

        /* Have we seen a move from sp to fp? */
        bool sp_moved_to_r52 = false;

        /* Have we seen a terminating bundle? */
        bool seen_terminating_bundle = false;

        /* Cut down on round-trip reading overhead by reading several
         * bundles at a time.
         */
        tile_bundle_bits prefetched_bundles[32];
        int num_bundles_prefetched = 0;
        int next_bundle = 0;
        unsigned long pc;

#ifdef __tilegx__
        /* Naively try to track moveli values to support addx for -m32. */
        int moveli_args[TILEGX_NUM_REGISTERS] = { 0 };
#endif

        /* Default to assuming that the caller's sp is the current sp.
         * This is necessary to handle the case where we start backtracing
         * right at the end of the epilog.
         */
        location->sp_location = SP_LOC_OFFSET;
        location->sp_offset = 0;

        /* Default to having no idea where the caller PC is. */
        location->pc_location = PC_LOC_UNKNOWN;

        /* Don't even try if the PC is not aligned. */
        if (start_pc % TILE_BUNDLE_ALIGNMENT_IN_BYTES != 0)
                return;

        for (pc = start_pc;; pc += sizeof(tile_bundle_bits)) {

                struct BacktraceBundle bundle;
                int num_info_ops, info_operands[MAX_INFO_OPS_PER_BUNDLE];
                int one_ago, jrp_reg;
                bool has_jrp;

                if (next_bundle >= num_bundles_prefetched) {
                        /* Prefetch some bytes, but don't cross a page
                         * boundary since that might cause a read failure we
                         * don't care about if we only need the first few
                         * bytes. Note: we don't care what the actual page
                         * size is; using the minimum possible page size will
                         * prevent any problems.
                         */
                        unsigned int bytes_to_prefetch = 4096 - (pc & 4095);
                        if (bytes_to_prefetch > sizeof prefetched_bundles)
                                bytes_to_prefetch = sizeof prefetched_bundles;

                        if (!read_memory_func(prefetched_bundles, pc,
                                              bytes_to_prefetch,
                                              read_memory_func_extra)) {
                                if (pc == start_pc) {
                                        /* The program probably called a bad
                                         * address, such as a NULL pointer.
                                         * So treat this as if we are at the
                                         * start of the function prolog so the
                                         * backtrace will show how we got here.
                                         */
                                        location->pc_location = PC_LOC_IN_LR;
                                        return;
                                }

                                /* Unreadable address. Give up. */
                                break;
                        }

                        next_bundle = 0;
                        num_bundles_prefetched =
                                bytes_to_prefetch / sizeof(tile_bundle_bits);
                }

                /* Decode the next bundle. */
                bundle.bits = prefetched_bundles[next_bundle++];
                bundle.num_insns =
                        parse_insn_tile(bundle.bits, pc, bundle.insns);
                num_info_ops = bt_get_info_ops(&bundle, info_operands);

                /* First look at any one_ago info ops if they are interesting,
                 * since they should shadow any non-one-ago info ops.
                 */
                for (one_ago = (pc != start_pc) ? 1 : 0;
                     one_ago >= 0; one_ago--) {
                        int i;
                        for (i = 0; i < num_info_ops; i++) {
                                int info_operand = info_operands[i];
                                if (info_operand < CALLER_UNKNOWN_BASE) {
                                        /* Weird; reserved value, ignore it. */
                                        continue;
                                }

                                /* Skip info ops which are not in the
                                 * "one_ago" mode we want right now.
                                 */
                                if (((info_operand & ONE_BUNDLE_AGO_FLAG) != 0)
                                    != (one_ago != 0))
                                        continue;

                                /* Clear the flag to make later checking
                                 * easier. */
                                info_operand &= ~ONE_BUNDLE_AGO_FLAG;

                                /* Default to looking at PC_IN_LR_FLAG. */
                                if (info_operand & PC_IN_LR_FLAG)
                                        location->pc_location =
                                                PC_LOC_IN_LR;
                                else
                                        location->pc_location =
                                                PC_LOC_ON_STACK;

                                switch (info_operand) {
                                case CALLER_UNKNOWN_BASE:
                                        location->pc_location = PC_LOC_UNKNOWN;
                                        location->sp_location = SP_LOC_UNKNOWN;
                                        return;

                                case CALLER_SP_IN_R52_BASE:
                                case CALLER_SP_IN_R52_BASE | PC_IN_LR_FLAG:
                                        location->sp_location = SP_LOC_IN_R52;
                                        return;

                                default:
                                {
                                        const unsigned int val = info_operand
                                                - CALLER_SP_OFFSET_BASE;
                                        const unsigned int sp_offset =
                                                (val >> NUM_INFO_OP_FLAGS) * 8;
                                        if (sp_offset < 32768) {
                                                /* This is a properly encoded
                                                 * SP offset. */
                                                location->sp_location =
                                                        SP_LOC_OFFSET;
                                                location->sp_offset =
                                                        sp_offset;
                                                return;
                                        } else {
                                                /* This looked like an SP
                                                 * offset, but it's outside
                                                 * the legal range, so this
                                                 * must be an unrecognized
                                                 * info operand.  Ignore it.
                                                 */
                                        }
                                }
                                break;
                                }
                        }
                }

                if (seen_terminating_bundle) {
                        /* We saw a terminating bundle during the previous
                         * iteration, so we were only looking for an info op.
                         */
                        break;
                }

                if (bundle.bits == 0) {
                        /* Wacky terminating bundle. Stop looping, and hope
                         * we've already seen enough to find the caller.
                         */
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * Try to determine caller's SP.
                 */

                if (!sp_determined) {
                        int adjust;
                        if (bt_has_addi_sp(&bundle, &adjust)
#ifdef __tilegx__
                            || bt_has_add_sp(&bundle, &adjust, moveli_args)
#endif
                                ) {
                                location->sp_location = SP_LOC_OFFSET;

                                if (adjust <= 0) {
                                        /* We are in prolog about to adjust
                                         * SP. */
                                        location->sp_offset = 0;
                                } else {
                                        /* We are in epilog restoring SP. */
                                        location->sp_offset = adjust;
                                }

                                sp_determined = true;
                        } else {
                                if (bt_has_move_r52_sp(&bundle)) {
                                        /* Maybe in prolog, creating an
                                         * alloca-style frame.  But maybe in
                                         * the middle of a fixed-size frame
                                         * clobbering r52 with SP.
                                         */
                                        sp_moved_to_r52 = true;
                                }

                                if (bt_modifies_sp(&bundle)) {
                                        if (sp_moved_to_r52) {
                                                /* We saw SP get saved into
                                                 * r52 earlier (or now), which
                                                 * must have been in the
                                                 * prolog, so we now know that
                                                 * SP is still holding the
                                                 * caller's sp value.
                                                 */
                                                location->sp_location =
                                                        SP_LOC_OFFSET;
                                                location->sp_offset = 0;
                                        } else {
                                                /* Someone must have saved
                                                 * aside the caller's SP value
                                                 * into r52, so r52 holds the
                                                 * current value.
                                                 */
                                                location->sp_location =
                                                        SP_LOC_IN_R52;
                                        }
                                        sp_determined = true;
                                }
                        }

#ifdef __tilegx__
                        /* Track moveli arguments for -m32 mode. */
                        bt_update_moveli(&bundle, moveli_args);
#endif
                }

                if (bt_has_iret(&bundle)) {
                        /* This is a terminating bundle. */
                        seen_terminating_bundle = true;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * Try to determine caller's PC.
                 */

                jrp_reg = -1;
                has_jrp = bt_has_jrp(&bundle, &jrp_reg);
                if (has_jrp)
                        seen_terminating_bundle = true;

                if (location->pc_location == PC_LOC_UNKNOWN) {
                        if (has_jrp) {
                                if (jrp_reg == TREG_LR && !lr_modified) {
                                        /* Looks like a leaf function, or else
                                         * lr is already restored. */
                                        location->pc_location =
                                                PC_LOC_IN_LR;
                                } else {
                                        location->pc_location =
                                                PC_LOC_ON_STACK;
                                }
                        } else if (bt_has_sw_sp_lr(&bundle)) {
                                /* In prolog, spilling initial lr to stack. */
                                location->pc_location = PC_LOC_IN_LR;
                        } else if (bt_modifies_lr(&bundle)) {
                                lr_modified = true;
                        }
                }
        }
}

/* Initializes a backtracer to start from the given location.
 *
 * If the frame pointer cannot be determined it is set to -1.
 *
 * state: The state to be filled in.
 * read_memory_func: A callback that reads memory.
 * read_memory_func_extra: An arbitrary argument to read_memory_func.
 * pc: The current PC.
 * lr: The current value of the 'lr' register.
 * sp: The current value of the 'sp' register.
 * r52: The current value of the 'r52' register.
 */
void backtrace_init(BacktraceIterator *state,
                    BacktraceMemoryReader read_memory_func,
                    void *read_memory_func_extra,
                    unsigned long pc, unsigned long lr,
                    unsigned long sp, unsigned long r52)
{
        CallerLocation location;
        unsigned long fp, initial_frame_caller_pc;

        /* Find out where we are in the initial frame. */
        find_caller_pc_and_caller_sp(&location, pc,
                                     read_memory_func, read_memory_func_extra);

        switch (location.sp_location) {
        case SP_LOC_UNKNOWN:
                /* Give up. */
                fp = -1;
                break;

        case SP_LOC_IN_R52:
                fp = r52;
                break;

        case SP_LOC_OFFSET:
                fp = sp + location.sp_offset;
                break;

        default:
                /* Give up. */
                fp = -1;
                break;
        }

        /* If the frame pointer is not aligned to the basic word size
         * something terrible happened and we should mark it as invalid.
         */
        if (fp % sizeof(bt_int_reg_t) != 0)
                fp = -1;

        /* -1 means "don't know initial_frame_caller_pc". */
        initial_frame_caller_pc = -1;

        switch (location.pc_location) {
        case PC_LOC_UNKNOWN:
                /* Give up. */
                fp = -1;
                break;

        case PC_LOC_IN_LR:
                if (lr == 0 || lr % TILE_BUNDLE_ALIGNMENT_IN_BYTES != 0) {
                        /* Give up. */
                        fp = -1;
                } else {
                        initial_frame_caller_pc = lr;
                }
                break;

        case PC_LOC_ON_STACK:
                /* Leave initial_frame_caller_pc as -1,
                 * meaning check the stack.
                 */
                break;

        default:
                /* Give up. */
                fp = -1;
                break;
        }

        state->pc = pc;
        state->sp = sp;
        state->fp = fp;
        state->initial_frame_caller_pc = initial_frame_caller_pc;
        state->read_memory_func = read_memory_func;
        state->read_memory_func_extra = read_memory_func_extra;
}

/* Handle the case where the register holds more bits than the VA. */
static bool valid_addr_reg(bt_int_reg_t reg)
{
        return ((unsigned long)reg == reg);
}

/* Advances the backtracing state to the calling frame, returning
 * true iff successful.
 */
bool backtrace_next(BacktraceIterator *state)
{
        unsigned long next_fp, next_pc;
        bt_int_reg_t next_frame[2];

        if (state->fp == -1) {
                /* No parent frame. */
                return false;
        }

        /* Try to read the frame linkage data chaining to the next function. */
        if (!state->read_memory_func(&next_frame, state->fp, sizeof next_frame,
                                     state->read_memory_func_extra)) {
                return false;
        }

        next_fp = next_frame[1];
        if (!valid_addr_reg(next_frame[1]) ||
            next_fp % sizeof(bt_int_reg_t) != 0) {
                /* Caller's frame pointer is suspect, so give up. */
                return false;
        }

        if (state->initial_frame_caller_pc != -1) {
                /* We must be in the initial stack frame and already know the
                 * caller PC.
                 */
                next_pc = state->initial_frame_caller_pc;

                /* Force reading stack next time, in case we were in the
                 * initial frame.  We don't do this above just to paranoidly
                 * avoid changing the struct at all when we return false.
                 */
                state->initial_frame_caller_pc = -1;
        } else {
                /* Get the caller PC from the frame linkage area. */
                next_pc = next_frame[0];
                if (!valid_addr_reg(next_frame[0]) || next_pc == 0 ||
                    next_pc % TILE_BUNDLE_ALIGNMENT_IN_BYTES != 0) {
                        /* The PC is suspect, so give up. */
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /* Update state to become the caller's stack frame. */
        state->pc = next_pc;
        state->sp = state->fp;
        state->fp = next_fp;

        return true;
}