1 S/390 driver model interfaces
2 -----------------------------
7 All devices which can be addressed by means of ccws are called 'CCW devices' -
8 even if they aren't actually driven by ccws.
10 All ccw devices are accessed via a subchannel, this is reflected in the
11 structures under devices/:
22 In this example, device 0815 is accessed via subchannel 0 in subchannel set 0,
23 device 4711 via subchannel 1 in subchannel set 0, and subchannel 2 is a non-I/O
24 subchannel. Device 1234 is accessed via subchannel 0 in subchannel set 1.
26 You should address a ccw device via its bus id (e.g. 0.0.4711); the device can
27 be found under bus/ccw/devices/.
29 All ccw devices export some data via sysfs.
31 cutype: The control unit type / model.
33 devtype: The device type / model, if applicable.
35 availability: Can be 'good' or 'boxed'; 'no path' or 'no device' for
38 online: An interface to set the device online and offline.
39 In the special case of the device being disconnected (see the
40 notify function under 1.2), piping 0 to online will forcibly delete
43 The device drivers can add entries to export per-device data and interfaces.
45 There is also some data exported on a per-subchannel basis (see under
48 chpids: Via which chpids the device is connected.
50 pimpampom: The path installed, path available and path operational masks.
52 There also might be additional data, for example for block devices.
55 1.1 Bringing up a ccw device
56 ----------------------------
58 This is done in several steps.
60 a. Each driver can provide one or more parameter interfaces where parameters can
61 be specified. These interfaces are also in the driver's responsibility.
62 b. After a. has been performed, if necessary, the device is finally brought up
63 via the 'online' interface.
66 1.2 Writing a driver for ccw devices
67 ------------------------------------
69 The basic struct ccw_device and struct ccw_driver data structures can be found
70 under include/asm/ccwdev.h.
74 struct ccw_device_private *private;
75 struct ccw_device_id id;
77 struct ccw_driver *drv;
81 void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm,
87 struct ccw_device_id *ids;
88 int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *);
89 int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *);
90 int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *);
91 int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *);
92 int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int);
93 struct device_driver driver;
97 The 'private' field contains data needed for internal i/o operation only, and
98 is not available to the device driver.
100 Each driver should declare in a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE into which CU types/models
101 and/or device types/models it is interested. This information can later be found
102 in the struct ccw_device_id fields:
104 struct ccw_device_id {
112 unsigned long driver_info;
115 The functions in ccw_driver should be used in the following way:
116 probe: This function is called by the device layer for each device the driver
117 is interested in. The driver should only allocate private structures
118 to put in dev->driver_data and create attributes (if needed). Also,
119 the interrupt handler (see below) should be set here.
121 int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *cdev);
123 Parameters: cdev - the device to be probed.
126 remove: This function is called by the device layer upon removal of the driver,
127 the device or the module. The driver should perform cleanups here.
129 int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *cdev);
131 Parameters: cdev - the device to be removed.
134 set_online: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is
135 activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should finally
136 setup and activate the device here.
138 int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *);
140 Parameters: cdev - the device to be activated. The common layer has
141 verified that the device is not already online.
144 set_offline: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is
145 de-activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should shut
146 down the device, but not de-allocate its private data.
148 int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *);
150 Parameters: cdev - the device to be deactivated. The common layer has
151 verified that the device is online.
154 notify: This function is called by the common I/O layer for some state changes
156 Signalled to the driver are:
157 * In online state, device detached (CIO_GONE) or last path gone
158 (CIO_NO_PATH). The driver must return !0 to keep the device; for
159 return code 0, the device will be deleted as usual (also when no
160 notify function is registered). If the driver wants to keep the
161 device, it is moved into disconnected state.
162 * In disconnected state, device operational again (CIO_OPER). The
163 common I/O layer performs some sanity checks on device number and
164 Device / CU to be reasonably sure if it is still the same device.
165 If not, the old device is removed and a new one registered. By the
166 return code of the notify function the device driver signals if it
167 wants the device back: !0 for keeping, 0 to make the device being
168 removed and re-registered.
170 int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int);
172 Parameters: cdev - the device whose state changed.
173 event - the event that happened. This can be one of CIO_GONE,
174 CIO_NO_PATH or CIO_OPER.
176 The handler field of the struct ccw_device is meant to be set to the interrupt
177 handler for the device. In order to accommodate drivers which use several
178 distinct handlers (e.g. multi subchannel devices), this is a member of ccw_device
179 instead of ccw_driver.
180 The handler is registered with the common layer during set_online() processing
181 before the driver is called, and is deregistered during set_offline() after the
182 driver has been called. Also, after registering / before deregistering, path
183 grouping resp. disbanding of the path group (if applicable) are performed.
185 void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm, struct irb *irb);
187 Parameters: dev - the device the handler is called for
188 intparm - the intparm which allows the device driver to identify
189 the i/o the interrupt is associated with, or to recognize
190 the interrupt as unsolicited.
191 irb - interruption response block which contains the accumulated
194 The device driver is called from the common ccw_device layer and can retrieve
195 information about the interrupt from the irb parameter.
201 The ccwgroup mechanism is designed to handle devices consisting of multiple ccw
202 devices, like lcs or ctc.
204 The ccw driver provides a 'group' attribute. Piping bus ids of ccw devices to
205 this attributes creates a ccwgroup device consisting of these ccw devices (if
206 possible). This ccwgroup device can be set online or offline just like a normal
209 Each ccwgroup device also provides an 'ungroup' attribute to destroy the device
210 again (only when offline). This is a generic ccwgroup mechanism (the driver does
211 not need to implement anything beyond normal removal routines).
213 A ccw device which is a member of a ccwgroup device carries a pointer to the
214 ccwgroup device in the driver_data of its device struct. This field must not be
215 touched by the driver - it should use the ccwgroup device's driver_data for its
218 To implement a ccwgroup driver, please refer to include/asm/ccwgroup.h. Keep in
219 mind that most drivers will need to implement both a ccwgroup and a ccw driver
220 (unless you have a meta ccw driver, like cu3088 for lcs and ctc).
226 Channel paths show up, like subchannels, under the channel subsystem root (css0)
227 and are called 'chp0.<chpid>'. They have no driver and do not belong to any bus.
228 Please note, that unlike /proc/chpids in 2.4, the channel path objects reflect
229 only the logical state and not the physical state, since we cannot track the
230 latter consistently due to lacking machine support (we don't need to be aware
233 status - Can be 'online' or 'offline'.
234 Piping 'on' or 'off' sets the chpid logically online/offline.
235 Piping 'on' to an online chpid triggers path reprobing for all devices
236 the chpid connects to. This can be used to force the kernel to re-use
237 a channel path the user knows to be online, but the machine hasn't
238 created a machine check for.
240 type - The physical type of the channel path.
242 shared - Whether the channel path is shared.
244 cmg - The channel measurement group.
252 xpram shows up under devices/system/ as 'xpram'.
257 For each cpu, a directory is created under devices/system/cpu/. Each cpu has an
258 attribute 'online' which can be 0 or 1.
267 The netiucv driver creates an attribute 'connection' under
268 bus/iucv/drivers/netiucv. Piping to this attribute creates a new netiucv
269 connection to the specified host.
271 Netiucv connections show up under devices/iucv/ as "netiucv<ifnum>". The interface
272 number is assigned sequentially to the connections defined via the 'connection'
275 user - shows the connection partner.
277 buffer - maximum buffer size.
278 Pipe to it to change buffer size.