1 Brief Notes on C-Media 8738/8338 Driver
2 =======================================
4 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
7 Front/Rear Multi-channel Playback
8 ---------------------------------
10 CM8x38 chip can use ADC as the second DAC so that two different stereo
11 channels can be used for front/rear playbacks. Since there are two
12 DACs, both streams are handled independently unlike the 4/6ch multi-
13 channel playbacks in the section below.
15 As default, ALSA driver assigns the first PCM device (i.e. hw:0,0 for
16 card#0) for front and 4/6ch playbacks, while the second PCM device
17 (hw:0,1) is assigned to the second DAC for rear playback.
19 There are slight difference between two DACs.
21 - The first DAC supports U8 and S16LE formats, while the second DAC
23 - The seconde DAC supports only two channel stereo.
25 Please note that the CM8x38 DAC doesn't support continuous playback
26 rate but only fixed rates: 5512, 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000,
29 The rear output can be heard only when "Four Channel Mode" switch is
30 disabled. Otherwise no signal will be routed to the rear speakers.
31 As default it's turned on.
34 When "Four Channel Mode" switch is off, the output from rear speakers
35 will be FULL VOLUME regardless of Master and PCM volumes.
36 This might damage your audio equipment. Please disconnect speakers
37 before your turn off this switch.
40 [ Well.. I once got the output with correct volume (i.e. same with the
41 front one) and was so excited. It was even with "Four Channel" bit
42 on and "double DAC" mode. Actually I could hear separate 4 channels
43 from front and rear speakers! But.. after reboot, all was gone.
44 It's a very pity that I didn't save the register dump at that
45 time.. Maybe there is an unknown register to achieve this... ]
47 If your card has an extra output jack for the rear output, the rear
48 playback should be routed there as default. If not, there is a
49 control switch in the driver "Line-In As Rear", which you can change
50 via alsamixer or somewhat else. When this switch is on, line-in jack
51 is used as rear output.
53 There are two more controls regarding to the rear output.
54 The "Exchange DAC" switch is used to exchange front and rear playback
55 routes, i.e. the 2nd DAC is output from front output.
58 4/6 Multi-Channel Playback
59 --------------------------
61 The recent CM8738 chips support for the 4/6 multi-channel playback
62 function. This is useful especially for AC3 decoding.
64 When the multi-channel is supported, the driver name has a suffix
65 "-MC" such like "CMI8738-MC6". You can check this name from
68 When the 4/6-ch output is enabled, the second DAC accepts up to 6 (or
69 4) channels. While the dual DAC supports two different rates or
70 formats, the 4/6-ch playback supports only the same condition for all
71 channels. Since the multi-channel playback mode uses both DACs, you
72 cannot operate with full-duplex.
74 The 4.0 and 5.1 modes are defined as the pcm "surround40" and "surround51"
75 in alsa-lib. For example, you can play a WAV file with 6 channels like
77 % aplay -Dsurround51 sixchannels.wav
79 For programmin the 4/6 channel playback, you need to specify the PCM
80 channels as you like and set the format S16LE. For example, for playback
83 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(pcm, hw, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
84 // or mmap if you like
85 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(pcm, hw, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
86 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(pcm, hw, 4);
88 and use the interleaved 4 channel data.
90 There are some control switchs affecting to the speaker connections:
92 "Line-In As Rear" - As mentioned above, the line-in jack is used
93 for the rear (3th and 4th channels) output.
94 "Line-In As Bass" - The line-in jack is used for the bass (5th
95 and 6th channels) output.
96 "Mic As Center/LFE" - The mic jack is used for the bass output.
97 If this switch is on, you cannot use a microphone as a capture
104 The CM8x38 provides the excellent SPDIF capability with very chip
105 price (yes, that's the reason I bought the card :)
107 The SPDIF playback and capture are done via the third PCM device
108 (hw:0,2). Usually this is assigned to the PCM device "spdif".
109 The available rates are 44100 and 48000 Hz.
110 For playback with aplay, you can run like below:
112 % aplay -Dhw:0,2 foo.wav
116 % aplay -Dspdif foo.wav
118 24bit format is also supported experimentally.
120 The playback and capture over SPDIF use normal DAC and ADC,
121 respectively, so you cannot playback both analog and digital streams
124 To enable SPDIF output, you need to turn on "IEC958 Output Switch"
125 control via mixer or alsactl. Then you'll see the red light on from
126 the card so you know that's working obviously :)
127 The SPDIF input is always enabled, so you can hear SPDIF input data
128 from line-out with "IEC958 In Monitor" switch at any time (see
131 You can play via SPDIF even with the first device (hw:0,0),
132 but SPDIF is enabled only when the proper format (S16LE), sample rate
133 (441100 or 48000) and channels (2) are used. Otherwise it's turned
134 off. (Also don't forget to turn on "IEC958 Output Switch", too.)
137 Additionally there are relevant control switches:
139 "IEC958 Mix Analog" - Mix analog PCM playback and FM-OPL/3 streams and
140 output through SPDIF. This switch appears only on old chip
141 models (CM8738 033 and 037).
142 Note: without this control you can output PCM to SPDIF.
143 This is "mixing" of streams, so e.g. it's not for AC3 output
144 (see the next section).
146 "IEC958 In Select" - Select SPDIF input, the internal CD-in (false)
147 and the external input (true).
149 "IEC958 Loop" - SPDIF input data is loop back into SPDIF
152 "IEC958 Copyright" - Set the copyright bit.
154 "IEC958 5V" - Select 0.5V (coax) or 5V (optical) interface.
155 On some cards this doesn't work and you need to change the
156 configuration with hardware dip-switch.
158 "IEC958 In Monitor" - SPDIF input is routed to DAC.
160 "IEC958 In Phase Inverse" - Set SPDIF input format as inverse.
161 [FIXME: this doesn't work on all chips..]
163 "IEC958 In Valid" - Set input validity flag detection.
165 Note: When "PCM Playback Switch" is on, you'll hear the digital output
166 stream through analog line-out.
169 The AC3 (RAW DIGITAL) OUTPUT
170 ----------------------------
172 The driver supports raw digital (typically AC3) i/o over SPDIF. This
173 can be toggled via IEC958 playback control, but usually you need to
174 access it via alsa-lib. See alsa-lib documents for more details.
176 On the raw digital mode, the "PCM Playback Switch" is automatically
177 turned off so that non-audio data is heard from the analog line-out.
178 Similarly the following switches are off: "IEC958 Mix Analog" and
179 "IEC958 Loop". The switches are resumed after closing the SPDIF PCM
180 device automatically to the previous state.
182 On the model 033, AC3 is implemented by the software conversion in
183 the alsa-lib. If you need to bypass the software conversion of IEC958
184 subframes, pass the "soft_ac3=0" module option. This doesn't matter
188 ANALOG MIXER INTERFACE
189 ----------------------
191 The mixer interface on CM8x38 is similar to SB16.
192 There are Master, PCM, Synth, CD, Line, Mic and PC Speaker playback
193 volumes. Synth, CD, Line and Mic have playback and capture switches,
194 too, as well as SB16.
196 In addition to the standard SB mixer, CM8x38 provides more functions.
197 - PCM playback switch
198 - PCM capture switch (to capture the data sent to DAC)
201 - Aux playback volume/switch and capture switch
208 The MPU401-UART interface is enabled as default only for the first
209 (CMIPCI) card. You need to set module option "midi_port" properly
210 for the 2nd (CMIPCI) card.
212 There is _no_ hardware wavetable function on this chip (except for
214 What's said as MIDI synth on Windows is a software synthesizer
215 emulation. On Linux use TiMidity or other softsynth program for
222 The FM OPL/3 is also enabled as default only for the first card.
223 Set "fm_port" module option for more cards.
225 The output quality of FM OPL/3 is, however, very weird.
232 The joystick and modem should be available by enabling the control
233 switch "Joystick" and "Modem" respectively. But I myself have never
237 Debugging Information
238 ---------------------
240 The registers are shown in /proc/asound/cardX/cmipci. If you have any
241 problem (especially unexpected behavior of mixer), please attach the
242 output of this proc file together with the bug report.