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2 HIDRAW - Raw Access to USB and Bluetooth Human Interface Devices
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5 The hidraw driver provides a raw interface to USB and Bluetooth Human
6 Interface Devices (HIDs). It differs from hiddev in that reports sent and
7 received are not parsed by the HID parser, but are sent to and received from
10 Hidraw should be used if the userspace application knows exactly how to
11 communicate with the hardware device, and is able to construct the HID
12 reports manually. This is often the case when making userspace drivers for
15 Hidraw is also useful for communicating with non-conformant HID devices
16 which send and receive data in a way that is inconsistent with their report
17 descriptors. Because hiddev parses reports which are sent and received
18 through it, checking them against the device's report descriptor, such
19 communication with these non-conformant devices is impossible using hiddev.
20 Hidraw is the only alternative, short of writing a custom kernel driver, for
21 these non-conformant devices.
23 A benefit of hidraw is that its use by userspace applications is independent
24 of the underlying hardware type. Currently, hidraw is implemented for USB
25 and Bluetooth. In the future, as new hardware bus types are developed which
26 use the HID specification, hidraw will be expanded to add support for these
29 Hidraw uses a dynamic major number, meaning that udev should be relied on to
30 create hidraw device nodes. Udev will typically create the device nodes
31 directly under /dev (eg: /dev/hidraw0). As this location is distribution-
32 and udev rule-dependent, applications should use libudev to locate hidraw
33 devices attached to the system. There is a tutorial on libudev with a
36 http://www.signal11.us/oss/udev/
37 https://web.archive.org/web/2019*/www.signal11.us
44 read() will read a queued report received from the HID device. On USB
45 devices, the reports read using read() are the reports sent from the device
46 on the INTERRUPT IN endpoint. By default, read() will block until there is
47 a report available to be read. read() can be made non-blocking, by passing
48 the O_NONBLOCK flag to open(), or by setting the O_NONBLOCK flag using
51 On a device which uses numbered reports, the first byte of the returned data
52 will be the report number; the report data follows, beginning in the second
53 byte. For devices which do not use numbered reports, the report data
54 will begin at the first byte.
58 The write() function will write a report to the device. For USB devices, if
59 the device has an INTERRUPT OUT endpoint, the report will be sent on that
60 endpoint. If it does not, the report will be sent over the control endpoint,
61 using a SET_REPORT transfer.
63 The first byte of the buffer passed to write() should be set to the report
64 number. If the device does not use numbered reports, the first byte should
65 be set to 0. The report data itself should begin at the second byte.
69 Hidraw supports the following ioctls:
72 Get Report Descriptor Size
74 This ioctl will get the size of the device's report descriptor.
79 This ioctl returns the device's report descriptor using a
80 hidraw_report_descriptor struct. Make sure to set the size field of the
81 hidraw_report_descriptor struct to the size returned from HIDIOCGRDESCSIZE.
86 This ioctl will return a hidraw_devinfo struct containing the bus type, the
87 vendor ID (VID), and product ID (PID) of the device. The bus type can be one
95 which are defined in uapi/linux/input.h.
100 This ioctl returns a string containing the vendor and product strings of
101 the device. The returned string is Unicode, UTF-8 encoded.
106 This ioctl returns a string representing the physical address of the device.
107 For USB devices, the string contains the physical path to the device (the
108 USB controller, hubs, ports, etc). For Bluetooth devices, the string
109 contains the hardware (MAC) address of the device.
112 Send a Feature Report
114 This ioctl will send a feature report to the device. Per the HID
115 specification, feature reports are always sent using the control endpoint.
116 Set the first byte of the supplied buffer to the report number. For devices
117 which do not use numbered reports, set the first byte to 0. The report data
118 begins in the second byte. Make sure to set len accordingly, to one more
119 than the length of the report (to account for the report number).
124 This ioctl will request a feature report from the device using the control
125 endpoint. The first byte of the supplied buffer should be set to the report
126 number of the requested report. For devices which do not use numbered
127 reports, set the first byte to 0. The returned report buffer will contain the
128 report number in the first byte, followed by the report data read from the
129 device. For devices which do not use numbered reports, the report data will
130 begin at the first byte of the returned buffer.
135 This ioctl will send an input report to the device, using the control endpoint.
136 In most cases, setting an input HID report on a device is meaningless and has
137 no effect, but some devices may choose to use this to set or reset an initial
138 state of a report. The format of the buffer issued with this report is identical
139 to that of HIDIOCSFEATURE.
144 This ioctl will request an input report from the device using the control
145 endpoint. This is slower on most devices where a dedicated In endpoint exists
146 for regular input reports, but allows the host to request the value of a
147 specific report number. Typically, this is used to request the initial states of
148 an input report of a device, before an application listens for normal reports via
149 the regular device read() interface. The format of the buffer issued with this report
150 is identical to that of HIDIOCGFEATURE.
153 Send an Output Report
155 This ioctl will send an output report to the device, using the control endpoint.
156 This is slower on most devices where a dedicated Out endpoint exists for regular
157 output reports, but is added for completeness. Typically, this is used to set
158 the initial states of an output report of a device, before an application sends
159 updates via the regular device write() interface. The format of the buffer issued
160 with this report is identical to that of HIDIOCSFEATURE.
165 This ioctl will request an output report from the device using the control
166 endpoint. Typically, this is used to retrieve the initial state of
167 an output report of a device, before an application updates it as necessary either
168 via a HIDIOCSOUTPUT request, or the regular device write() interface. The format
169 of the buffer issued with this report is identical to that of HIDIOCGFEATURE.
173 In samples/, find hid-example.c, which shows examples of read(), write(),
174 and all the ioctls for hidraw. The code may be used by anyone for any
175 purpose, and can serve as a starting point for developing applications using
180 Alan Ott <alan@signal11.us>, Signal 11 Software