Linux 6.13-rc7

[linux.git] / fs / fuse / file.c

/*
  FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
  Copyright (C) 2001-2008  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>

  This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
  See the file COPYING.
*/

#include "fuse_i.h"

#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/filelock.h>
#include <linux/splice.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>

static int fuse_send_open(struct fuse_mount *fm, u64 nodeid,
                          unsigned int open_flags, int opcode,
                          struct fuse_open_out *outargp)
{
        struct fuse_open_in inarg;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);

        memset(&inarg, 0, sizeof(inarg));
        inarg.flags = open_flags & ~(O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_NOCTTY);
        if (!fm->fc->atomic_o_trunc)
                inarg.flags &= ~O_TRUNC;

        if (fm->fc->handle_killpriv_v2 &&
            (inarg.flags & O_TRUNC) && !capable(CAP_FSETID)) {
                inarg.open_flags |= FUSE_OPEN_KILL_SUIDGID;
        }

        args.opcode = opcode;
        args.nodeid = nodeid;
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        args.out_numargs = 1;
        args.out_args[0].size = sizeof(*outargp);
        args.out_args[0].value = outargp;

        return fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
}

struct fuse_file *fuse_file_alloc(struct fuse_mount *fm, bool release)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff;

        ff = kzalloc(sizeof(struct fuse_file), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
        if (unlikely(!ff))
                return NULL;

        ff->fm = fm;
        if (release) {
                ff->args = kzalloc(sizeof(*ff->args), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
                if (!ff->args) {
                        kfree(ff);
                        return NULL;
                }
        }

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ff->write_entry);
        refcount_set(&ff->count, 1);
        RB_CLEAR_NODE(&ff->polled_node);
        init_waitqueue_head(&ff->poll_wait);

        ff->kh = atomic64_inc_return(&fm->fc->khctr);

        return ff;
}

void fuse_file_free(struct fuse_file *ff)
{
        kfree(ff->args);
        kfree(ff);
}

static struct fuse_file *fuse_file_get(struct fuse_file *ff)
{
        refcount_inc(&ff->count);
        return ff;
}

static void fuse_release_end(struct fuse_mount *fm, struct fuse_args *args,
                             int error)
{
        struct fuse_release_args *ra = container_of(args, typeof(*ra), args);

        iput(ra->inode);
        kfree(ra);
}

static void fuse_file_put(struct fuse_file *ff, bool sync)
{
        if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ff->count)) {
                struct fuse_release_args *ra = &ff->args->release_args;
                struct fuse_args *args = (ra ? &ra->args : NULL);

                if (ra && ra->inode)
                        fuse_file_io_release(ff, ra->inode);

                if (!args) {
                        /* Do nothing when server does not implement 'open' */
                } else if (sync) {
                        fuse_simple_request(ff->fm, args);
                        fuse_release_end(ff->fm, args, 0);
                } else {
                        args->end = fuse_release_end;
                        if (fuse_simple_background(ff->fm, args,
                                                   GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL))
                                fuse_release_end(ff->fm, args, -ENOTCONN);
                }
                kfree(ff);
        }
}

struct fuse_file *fuse_file_open(struct fuse_mount *fm, u64 nodeid,
                                 unsigned int open_flags, bool isdir)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = fm->fc;
        struct fuse_file *ff;
        int opcode = isdir ? FUSE_OPENDIR : FUSE_OPEN;
        bool open = isdir ? !fc->no_opendir : !fc->no_open;

        ff = fuse_file_alloc(fm, open);
        if (!ff)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        ff->fh = 0;
        /* Default for no-open */
        ff->open_flags = FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE | (isdir ? FOPEN_CACHE_DIR : 0);
        if (open) {
                /* Store outarg for fuse_finish_open() */
                struct fuse_open_out *outargp = &ff->args->open_outarg;
                int err;

                err = fuse_send_open(fm, nodeid, open_flags, opcode, outargp);
                if (!err) {
                        ff->fh = outargp->fh;
                        ff->open_flags = outargp->open_flags;
                } else if (err != -ENOSYS) {
                        fuse_file_free(ff);
                        return ERR_PTR(err);
                } else {
                        /* No release needed */
                        kfree(ff->args);
                        ff->args = NULL;
                        if (isdir)
                                fc->no_opendir = 1;
                        else
                                fc->no_open = 1;
                }
        }

        if (isdir)
                ff->open_flags &= ~FOPEN_DIRECT_IO;

        ff->nodeid = nodeid;

        return ff;
}

int fuse_do_open(struct fuse_mount *fm, u64 nodeid, struct file *file,
                 bool isdir)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = fuse_file_open(fm, nodeid, file->f_flags, isdir);

        if (!IS_ERR(ff))
                file->private_data = ff;

        return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(ff);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fuse_do_open);

static void fuse_link_write_file(struct file *file)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        /*
         * file may be written through mmap, so chain it onto the
         * inodes's write_file list
         */
        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        if (list_empty(&ff->write_entry))
                list_add(&ff->write_entry, &fi->write_files);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
}

int fuse_finish_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        int err;

        err = fuse_file_io_open(file, inode);
        if (err)
                return err;

        if (ff->open_flags & FOPEN_STREAM)
                stream_open(inode, file);
        else if (ff->open_flags & FOPEN_NONSEEKABLE)
                nonseekable_open(inode, file);

        if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) && fc->writeback_cache)
                fuse_link_write_file(file);

        return 0;
}

static void fuse_truncate_update_attr(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        fi->attr_version = atomic64_inc_return(&fc->attr_version);
        i_size_write(inode, 0);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
        file_update_time(file);
        fuse_invalidate_attr_mask(inode, FUSE_STATX_MODSIZE);
}

static int fuse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = fm->fc;
        struct fuse_file *ff;
        int err;
        bool is_truncate = (file->f_flags & O_TRUNC) && fc->atomic_o_trunc;
        bool is_wb_truncate = is_truncate && fc->writeback_cache;
        bool dax_truncate = is_truncate && FUSE_IS_DAX(inode);

        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                return -EIO;

        err = generic_file_open(inode, file);
        if (err)
                return err;

        if (is_wb_truncate || dax_truncate)
                inode_lock(inode);

        if (dax_truncate) {
                filemap_invalidate_lock(inode->i_mapping);
                err = fuse_dax_break_layouts(inode, 0, 0);
                if (err)
                        goto out_inode_unlock;
        }

        if (is_wb_truncate || dax_truncate)
                fuse_set_nowrite(inode);

        err = fuse_do_open(fm, get_node_id(inode), file, false);
        if (!err) {
                ff = file->private_data;
                err = fuse_finish_open(inode, file);
                if (err)
                        fuse_sync_release(fi, ff, file->f_flags);
                else if (is_truncate)
                        fuse_truncate_update_attr(inode, file);
        }

        if (is_wb_truncate || dax_truncate)
                fuse_release_nowrite(inode);
        if (!err) {
                if (is_truncate)
                        truncate_pagecache(inode, 0);
                else if (!(ff->open_flags & FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE))
                        invalidate_inode_pages2(inode->i_mapping);
        }
        if (dax_truncate)
                filemap_invalidate_unlock(inode->i_mapping);
out_inode_unlock:
        if (is_wb_truncate || dax_truncate)
                inode_unlock(inode);

        return err;
}

static void fuse_prepare_release(struct fuse_inode *fi, struct fuse_file *ff,
                                 unsigned int flags, int opcode, bool sync)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fm->fc;
        struct fuse_release_args *ra = &ff->args->release_args;

        if (fuse_file_passthrough(ff))
                fuse_passthrough_release(ff, fuse_inode_backing(fi));

        /* Inode is NULL on error path of fuse_create_open() */
        if (likely(fi)) {
                spin_lock(&fi->lock);
                list_del(&ff->write_entry);
                spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
        }
        spin_lock(&fc->lock);
        if (!RB_EMPTY_NODE(&ff->polled_node))
                rb_erase(&ff->polled_node, &fc->polled_files);
        spin_unlock(&fc->lock);

        wake_up_interruptible_all(&ff->poll_wait);

        if (!ra)
                return;

        /* ff->args was used for open outarg */
        memset(ff->args, 0, sizeof(*ff->args));
        ra->inarg.fh = ff->fh;
        ra->inarg.flags = flags;
        ra->args.in_numargs = 1;
        ra->args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(struct fuse_release_in);
        ra->args.in_args[0].value = &ra->inarg;
        ra->args.opcode = opcode;
        ra->args.nodeid = ff->nodeid;
        ra->args.force = true;
        ra->args.nocreds = true;

        /*
         * Hold inode until release is finished.
         * From fuse_sync_release() the refcount is 1 and everything's
         * synchronous, so we are fine with not doing igrab() here.
         */
        ra->inode = sync ? NULL : igrab(&fi->inode);
}

void fuse_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct fuse_file *ff,
                       unsigned int open_flags, fl_owner_t id, bool isdir)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_release_args *ra = &ff->args->release_args;
        int opcode = isdir ? FUSE_RELEASEDIR : FUSE_RELEASE;

        fuse_prepare_release(fi, ff, open_flags, opcode, false);

        if (ra && ff->flock) {
                ra->inarg.release_flags |= FUSE_RELEASE_FLOCK_UNLOCK;
                ra->inarg.lock_owner = fuse_lock_owner_id(ff->fm->fc, id);
        }

        /*
         * Normally this will send the RELEASE request, however if
         * some asynchronous READ or WRITE requests are outstanding,
         * the sending will be delayed.
         *
         * Make the release synchronous if this is a fuseblk mount,
         * synchronous RELEASE is allowed (and desirable) in this case
         * because the server can be trusted not to screw up.
         */
        fuse_file_put(ff, ff->fm->fc->destroy);
}

void fuse_release_common(struct file *file, bool isdir)
{
        fuse_file_release(file_inode(file), file->private_data, file->f_flags,
                          (fl_owner_t) file, isdir);
}

static int fuse_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);

        /*
         * Dirty pages might remain despite write_inode_now() call from
         * fuse_flush() due to writes racing with the close.
         */
        if (fc->writeback_cache)
                write_inode_now(inode, 1);

        fuse_release_common(file, false);

        /* return value is ignored by VFS */
        return 0;
}

void fuse_sync_release(struct fuse_inode *fi, struct fuse_file *ff,
                       unsigned int flags)
{
        WARN_ON(refcount_read(&ff->count) > 1);
        fuse_prepare_release(fi, ff, flags, FUSE_RELEASE, true);
        fuse_file_put(ff, true);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fuse_sync_release);

/*
 * Scramble the ID space with XTEA, so that the value of the files_struct
 * pointer is not exposed to userspace.
 */
u64 fuse_lock_owner_id(struct fuse_conn *fc, fl_owner_t id)
{
        u32 *k = fc->scramble_key;
        u64 v = (unsigned long) id;
        u32 v0 = v;
        u32 v1 = v >> 32;
        u32 sum = 0;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                v0 += ((v1 << 4 ^ v1 >> 5) + v1) ^ (sum + k[sum & 3]);
                sum += 0x9E3779B9;
                v1 += ((v0 << 4 ^ v0 >> 5) + v0) ^ (sum + k[sum>>11 & 3]);
        }

        return (u64) v0 + ((u64) v1 << 32);
}

struct fuse_writepage_args {
        struct fuse_io_args ia;
        struct rb_node writepages_entry;
        struct list_head queue_entry;
        struct fuse_writepage_args *next;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct fuse_sync_bucket *bucket;
};

static struct fuse_writepage_args *fuse_find_writeback(struct fuse_inode *fi,
                                            pgoff_t idx_from, pgoff_t idx_to)
{
        struct rb_node *n;

        n = fi->writepages.rb_node;

        while (n) {
                struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa;
                pgoff_t curr_index;

                wpa = rb_entry(n, struct fuse_writepage_args, writepages_entry);
                WARN_ON(get_fuse_inode(wpa->inode) != fi);
                curr_index = wpa->ia.write.in.offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (idx_from >= curr_index + wpa->ia.ap.num_folios)
                        n = n->rb_right;
                else if (idx_to < curr_index)
                        n = n->rb_left;
                else
                        return wpa;
        }
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Check if any page in a range is under writeback
 */
static bool fuse_range_is_writeback(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t idx_from,
                                   pgoff_t idx_to)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        bool found;

        if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&fi->writepages))
                return false;

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        found = fuse_find_writeback(fi, idx_from, idx_to);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        return found;
}

static inline bool fuse_page_is_writeback(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index)
{
        return fuse_range_is_writeback(inode, index, index);
}

/*
 * Wait for page writeback to be completed.
 *
 * Since fuse doesn't rely on the VM writeback tracking, this has to
 * use some other means.
 */
static void fuse_wait_on_page_writeback(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        wait_event(fi->page_waitq, !fuse_page_is_writeback(inode, index));
}

static inline bool fuse_folio_is_writeback(struct inode *inode,
                                           struct folio *folio)
{
        pgoff_t last = folio_next_index(folio) - 1;
        return fuse_range_is_writeback(inode, folio_index(folio), last);
}

static void fuse_wait_on_folio_writeback(struct inode *inode,
                                         struct folio *folio)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        wait_event(fi->page_waitq, !fuse_folio_is_writeback(inode, folio));
}

/*
 * Wait for all pending writepages on the inode to finish.
 *
 * This is currently done by blocking further writes with FUSE_NOWRITE
 * and waiting for all sent writes to complete.
 *
 * This must be called under i_mutex, otherwise the FUSE_NOWRITE usage
 * could conflict with truncation.
 */
static void fuse_sync_writes(struct inode *inode)
{
        fuse_set_nowrite(inode);
        fuse_release_nowrite(inode);
}

static int fuse_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_flush_in inarg;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        int err;

        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                return -EIO;

        if (ff->open_flags & FOPEN_NOFLUSH && !fm->fc->writeback_cache)
                return 0;

        err = write_inode_now(inode, 1);
        if (err)
                return err;

        inode_lock(inode);
        fuse_sync_writes(inode);
        inode_unlock(inode);

        err = filemap_check_errors(file->f_mapping);
        if (err)
                return err;

        err = 0;
        if (fm->fc->no_flush)
                goto inval_attr_out;

        memset(&inarg, 0, sizeof(inarg));
        inarg.fh = ff->fh;
        inarg.lock_owner = fuse_lock_owner_id(fm->fc, id);
        args.opcode = FUSE_FLUSH;
        args.nodeid = get_node_id(inode);
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        args.force = true;

        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
        if (err == -ENOSYS) {
                fm->fc->no_flush = 1;
                err = 0;
        }

inval_attr_out:
        /*
         * In memory i_blocks is not maintained by fuse, if writeback cache is
         * enabled, i_blocks from cached attr may not be accurate.
         */
        if (!err && fm->fc->writeback_cache)
                fuse_invalidate_attr_mask(inode, STATX_BLOCKS);
        return err;
}

int fuse_fsync_common(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
                      int datasync, int opcode)
{
        struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_fsync_in inarg;

        memset(&inarg, 0, sizeof(inarg));
        inarg.fh = ff->fh;
        inarg.fsync_flags = datasync ? FUSE_FSYNC_FDATASYNC : 0;
        args.opcode = opcode;
        args.nodeid = get_node_id(inode);
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        return fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
}

static int fuse_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
                      int datasync)
{
        struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        int err;

        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                return -EIO;

        inode_lock(inode);

        /*
         * Start writeback against all dirty pages of the inode, then
         * wait for all outstanding writes, before sending the FSYNC
         * request.
         */
        err = file_write_and_wait_range(file, start, end);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        fuse_sync_writes(inode);

        /*
         * Due to implementation of fuse writeback
         * file_write_and_wait_range() does not catch errors.
         * We have to do this directly after fuse_sync_writes()
         */
        err = file_check_and_advance_wb_err(file);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        err = sync_inode_metadata(inode, 1);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        if (fc->no_fsync)
                goto out;

        err = fuse_fsync_common(file, start, end, datasync, FUSE_FSYNC);
        if (err == -ENOSYS) {
                fc->no_fsync = 1;
                err = 0;
        }
out:
        inode_unlock(inode);

        return err;
}

void fuse_read_args_fill(struct fuse_io_args *ia, struct file *file, loff_t pos,
                         size_t count, int opcode)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_args *args = &ia->ap.args;

        ia->read.in.fh = ff->fh;
        ia->read.in.offset = pos;
        ia->read.in.size = count;
        ia->read.in.flags = file->f_flags;
        args->opcode = opcode;
        args->nodeid = ff->nodeid;
        args->in_numargs = 1;
        args->in_args[0].size = sizeof(ia->read.in);
        args->in_args[0].value = &ia->read.in;
        args->out_argvar = true;
        args->out_numargs = 1;
        args->out_args[0].size = count;
}

static void fuse_release_user_pages(struct fuse_args_pages *ap, ssize_t nres,
                                    bool should_dirty)
{
        unsigned int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ap->num_folios; i++) {
                if (should_dirty)
                        folio_mark_dirty_lock(ap->folios[i]);
                if (ap->args.is_pinned)
                        unpin_folio(ap->folios[i]);
        }

        if (nres > 0 && ap->args.invalidate_vmap)
                invalidate_kernel_vmap_range(ap->args.vmap_base, nres);
}

static void fuse_io_release(struct kref *kref)
{
        kfree(container_of(kref, struct fuse_io_priv, refcnt));
}

static ssize_t fuse_get_res_by_io(struct fuse_io_priv *io)
{
        if (io->err)
                return io->err;

        if (io->bytes >= 0 && io->write)
                return -EIO;

        return io->bytes < 0 ? io->size : io->bytes;
}

/*
 * In case of short read, the caller sets 'pos' to the position of
 * actual end of fuse request in IO request. Otherwise, if bytes_requested
 * == bytes_transferred or rw == WRITE, the caller sets 'pos' to -1.
 *
 * An example:
 * User requested DIO read of 64K. It was split into two 32K fuse requests,
 * both submitted asynchronously. The first of them was ACKed by userspace as
 * fully completed (req->out.args[0].size == 32K) resulting in pos == -1. The
 * second request was ACKed as short, e.g. only 1K was read, resulting in
 * pos == 33K.
 *
 * Thus, when all fuse requests are completed, the minimal non-negative 'pos'
 * will be equal to the length of the longest contiguous fragment of
 * transferred data starting from the beginning of IO request.
 */
static void fuse_aio_complete(struct fuse_io_priv *io, int err, ssize_t pos)
{
        int left;

        spin_lock(&io->lock);
        if (err)
                io->err = io->err ? : err;
        else if (pos >= 0 && (io->bytes < 0 || pos < io->bytes))
                io->bytes = pos;

        left = --io->reqs;
        if (!left && io->blocking)
                complete(io->done);
        spin_unlock(&io->lock);

        if (!left && !io->blocking) {
                ssize_t res = fuse_get_res_by_io(io);

                if (res >= 0) {
                        struct inode *inode = file_inode(io->iocb->ki_filp);
                        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
                        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

                        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
                        fi->attr_version = atomic64_inc_return(&fc->attr_version);
                        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
                }

                io->iocb->ki_complete(io->iocb, res);
        }

        kref_put(&io->refcnt, fuse_io_release);
}

static struct fuse_io_args *fuse_io_alloc(struct fuse_io_priv *io,
                                                 unsigned int nfolios)
{
        struct fuse_io_args *ia;

        ia = kzalloc(sizeof(*ia), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (ia) {
                ia->io = io;
                ia->ap.folios = fuse_folios_alloc(nfolios, GFP_KERNEL,
                                                  &ia->ap.descs);
                if (!ia->ap.folios) {
                        kfree(ia);
                        ia = NULL;
                }
        }
        return ia;
}

static void fuse_io_free(struct fuse_io_args *ia)
{
        kfree(ia->ap.folios);
        kfree(ia);
}

static void fuse_aio_complete_req(struct fuse_mount *fm, struct fuse_args *args,
                                  int err)
{
        struct fuse_io_args *ia = container_of(args, typeof(*ia), ap.args);
        struct fuse_io_priv *io = ia->io;
        ssize_t pos = -1;
        size_t nres;

        if (err) {
                /* Nothing */
        } else if (io->write) {
                if (ia->write.out.size > ia->write.in.size) {
                        err = -EIO;
                } else {
                        nres = ia->write.out.size;
                        if (ia->write.in.size != ia->write.out.size)
                                pos = ia->write.in.offset - io->offset +
                                      ia->write.out.size;
                }
        } else {
                u32 outsize = args->out_args[0].size;

                nres = outsize;
                if (ia->read.in.size != outsize)
                        pos = ia->read.in.offset - io->offset + outsize;
        }

        fuse_release_user_pages(&ia->ap, err ?: nres, io->should_dirty);

        fuse_aio_complete(io, err, pos);
        fuse_io_free(ia);
}

static ssize_t fuse_async_req_send(struct fuse_mount *fm,
                                   struct fuse_io_args *ia, size_t num_bytes)
{
        ssize_t err;
        struct fuse_io_priv *io = ia->io;

        spin_lock(&io->lock);
        kref_get(&io->refcnt);
        io->size += num_bytes;
        io->reqs++;
        spin_unlock(&io->lock);

        ia->ap.args.end = fuse_aio_complete_req;
        ia->ap.args.may_block = io->should_dirty;
        err = fuse_simple_background(fm, &ia->ap.args, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (err)
                fuse_aio_complete_req(fm, &ia->ap.args, err);

        return num_bytes;
}

static ssize_t fuse_send_read(struct fuse_io_args *ia, loff_t pos, size_t count,
                              fl_owner_t owner)
{
        struct file *file = ia->io->iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;

        fuse_read_args_fill(ia, file, pos, count, FUSE_READ);
        if (owner != NULL) {
                ia->read.in.read_flags |= FUSE_READ_LOCKOWNER;
                ia->read.in.lock_owner = fuse_lock_owner_id(fm->fc, owner);
        }

        if (ia->io->async)
                return fuse_async_req_send(fm, ia, count);

        return fuse_simple_request(fm, &ia->ap.args);
}

static void fuse_read_update_size(struct inode *inode, loff_t size,
                                  u64 attr_ver)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        if (attr_ver >= fi->attr_version && size < inode->i_size &&
            !test_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi->state)) {
                fi->attr_version = atomic64_inc_return(&fc->attr_version);
                i_size_write(inode, size);
        }
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
}

static void fuse_short_read(struct inode *inode, u64 attr_ver, size_t num_read,
                            struct fuse_args_pages *ap)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);

        /*
         * If writeback_cache is enabled, a short read means there's a hole in
         * the file.  Some data after the hole is in page cache, but has not
         * reached the client fs yet.  So the hole is not present there.
         */
        if (!fc->writeback_cache) {
                loff_t pos = folio_pos(ap->folios[0]) + num_read;
                fuse_read_update_size(inode, pos, attr_ver);
        }
}

static int fuse_do_readfolio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
{
        struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        loff_t pos = folio_pos(folio);
        struct fuse_folio_desc desc = { .length = PAGE_SIZE };
        struct fuse_io_args ia = {
                .ap.args.page_zeroing = true,
                .ap.args.out_pages = true,
                .ap.num_folios = 1,
                .ap.folios = &folio,
                .ap.descs = &desc,
        };
        ssize_t res;
        u64 attr_ver;

        /*
         * With the temporary pages that are used to complete writeback, we can
         * have writeback that extends beyond the lifetime of the folio.  So
         * make sure we read a properly synced folio.
         */
        fuse_wait_on_folio_writeback(inode, folio);

        attr_ver = fuse_get_attr_version(fm->fc);

        /* Don't overflow end offset */
        if (pos + (desc.length - 1) == LLONG_MAX)
                desc.length--;

        fuse_read_args_fill(&ia, file, pos, desc.length, FUSE_READ);
        res = fuse_simple_request(fm, &ia.ap.args);
        if (res < 0)
                return res;
        /*
         * Short read means EOF.  If file size is larger, truncate it
         */
        if (res < desc.length)
                fuse_short_read(inode, attr_ver, res, &ia.ap);

        folio_mark_uptodate(folio);

        return 0;
}

static int fuse_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
{
        struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
        int err;

        err = -EIO;
        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                goto out;

        err = fuse_do_readfolio(file, folio);
        fuse_invalidate_atime(inode);
 out:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        return err;
}

static void fuse_readpages_end(struct fuse_mount *fm, struct fuse_args *args,
                               int err)
{
        int i;
        struct fuse_io_args *ia = container_of(args, typeof(*ia), ap.args);
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &ia->ap;
        size_t count = ia->read.in.size;
        size_t num_read = args->out_args[0].size;
        struct address_space *mapping = NULL;

        for (i = 0; mapping == NULL && i < ap->num_folios; i++)
                mapping = ap->folios[i]->mapping;

        if (mapping) {
                struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

                /*
                 * Short read means EOF. If file size is larger, truncate it
                 */
                if (!err && num_read < count)
                        fuse_short_read(inode, ia->read.attr_ver, num_read, ap);

                fuse_invalidate_atime(inode);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < ap->num_folios; i++)
                folio_end_read(ap->folios[i], !err);
        if (ia->ff)
                fuse_file_put(ia->ff, false);

        fuse_io_free(ia);
}

static void fuse_send_readpages(struct fuse_io_args *ia, struct file *file)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &ia->ap;
        loff_t pos = folio_pos(ap->folios[0]);
        /* Currently, all folios in FUSE are one page */
        size_t count = ap->num_folios << PAGE_SHIFT;
        ssize_t res;
        int err;

        ap->args.out_pages = true;
        ap->args.page_zeroing = true;
        ap->args.page_replace = true;

        /* Don't overflow end offset */
        if (pos + (count - 1) == LLONG_MAX) {
                count--;
                ap->descs[ap->num_folios - 1].length--;
        }
        WARN_ON((loff_t) (pos + count) < 0);

        fuse_read_args_fill(ia, file, pos, count, FUSE_READ);
        ia->read.attr_ver = fuse_get_attr_version(fm->fc);
        if (fm->fc->async_read) {
                ia->ff = fuse_file_get(ff);
                ap->args.end = fuse_readpages_end;
                err = fuse_simple_background(fm, &ap->args, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!err)
                        return;
        } else {
                res = fuse_simple_request(fm, &ap->args);
                err = res < 0 ? res : 0;
        }
        fuse_readpages_end(fm, &ap->args, err);
}

static void fuse_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
{
        struct inode *inode = rac->mapping->host;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        unsigned int max_pages, nr_pages;
        pgoff_t first = readahead_index(rac);
        pgoff_t last = first + readahead_count(rac) - 1;

        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                return;

        wait_event(fi->page_waitq, !fuse_range_is_writeback(inode, first, last));

        max_pages = min_t(unsigned int, fc->max_pages,
                        fc->max_read / PAGE_SIZE);

        /*
         * This is only accurate the first time through, since readahead_folio()
         * doesn't update readahead_count() from the previous folio until the
         * next call.  Grab nr_pages here so we know how many pages we're going
         * to have to process.  This means that we will exit here with
         * readahead_count() == folio_nr_pages(last_folio), but we will have
         * consumed all of the folios, and read_pages() will call
         * readahead_folio() again which will clean up the rac.
         */
        nr_pages = readahead_count(rac);

        while (nr_pages) {
                struct fuse_io_args *ia;
                struct fuse_args_pages *ap;
                struct folio *folio;
                unsigned cur_pages = min(max_pages, nr_pages);

                if (fc->num_background >= fc->congestion_threshold &&
                    rac->ra->async_size >= readahead_count(rac))
                        /*
                         * Congested and only async pages left, so skip the
                         * rest.
                         */
                        break;

                ia = fuse_io_alloc(NULL, cur_pages);
                if (!ia)
                        return;
                ap = &ia->ap;

                while (ap->num_folios < cur_pages) {
                        folio = readahead_folio(rac);
                        ap->folios[ap->num_folios] = folio;
                        ap->descs[ap->num_folios].length = folio_size(folio);
                        ap->num_folios++;
                }
                fuse_send_readpages(ia, rac->file);
                nr_pages -= cur_pages;
        }
}

static ssize_t fuse_cache_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
{
        struct inode *inode = iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);

        /*
         * In auto invalidate mode, always update attributes on read.
         * Otherwise, only update if we attempt to read past EOF (to ensure
         * i_size is up to date).
         */
        if (fc->auto_inval_data ||
            (iocb->ki_pos + iov_iter_count(to) > i_size_read(inode))) {
                int err;
                err = fuse_update_attributes(inode, iocb->ki_filp, STATX_SIZE);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }

        return generic_file_read_iter(iocb, to);
}

static void fuse_write_args_fill(struct fuse_io_args *ia, struct fuse_file *ff,
                                 loff_t pos, size_t count)
{
        struct fuse_args *args = &ia->ap.args;

        ia->write.in.fh = ff->fh;
        ia->write.in.offset = pos;
        ia->write.in.size = count;
        args->opcode = FUSE_WRITE;
        args->nodeid = ff->nodeid;
        args->in_numargs = 2;
        if (ff->fm->fc->minor < 9)
                args->in_args[0].size = FUSE_COMPAT_WRITE_IN_SIZE;
        else
                args->in_args[0].size = sizeof(ia->write.in);
        args->in_args[0].value = &ia->write.in;
        args->in_args[1].size = count;
        args->out_numargs = 1;
        args->out_args[0].size = sizeof(ia->write.out);
        args->out_args[0].value = &ia->write.out;
}

static unsigned int fuse_write_flags(struct kiocb *iocb)
{
        unsigned int flags = iocb->ki_filp->f_flags;

        if (iocb_is_dsync(iocb))
                flags |= O_DSYNC;
        if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_SYNC)
                flags |= O_SYNC;

        return flags;
}

static ssize_t fuse_send_write(struct fuse_io_args *ia, loff_t pos,
                               size_t count, fl_owner_t owner)
{
        struct kiocb *iocb = ia->io->iocb;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;
        struct fuse_write_in *inarg = &ia->write.in;
        ssize_t err;

        fuse_write_args_fill(ia, ff, pos, count);
        inarg->flags = fuse_write_flags(iocb);
        if (owner != NULL) {
                inarg->write_flags |= FUSE_WRITE_LOCKOWNER;
                inarg->lock_owner = fuse_lock_owner_id(fm->fc, owner);
        }

        if (ia->io->async)
                return fuse_async_req_send(fm, ia, count);

        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &ia->ap.args);
        if (!err && ia->write.out.size > count)
                err = -EIO;

        return err ?: ia->write.out.size;
}

bool fuse_write_update_attr(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, ssize_t written)
{
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        bool ret = false;

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        fi->attr_version = atomic64_inc_return(&fc->attr_version);
        if (written > 0 && pos > inode->i_size) {
                i_size_write(inode, pos);
                ret = true;
        }
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        fuse_invalidate_attr_mask(inode, FUSE_STATX_MODSIZE);

        return ret;
}

static ssize_t fuse_send_write_pages(struct fuse_io_args *ia,
                                     struct kiocb *iocb, struct inode *inode,
                                     loff_t pos, size_t count)
{
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &ia->ap;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;
        unsigned int offset, i;
        bool short_write;
        int err;

        for (i = 0; i < ap->num_folios; i++)
                fuse_wait_on_folio_writeback(inode, ap->folios[i]);

        fuse_write_args_fill(ia, ff, pos, count);
        ia->write.in.flags = fuse_write_flags(iocb);
        if (fm->fc->handle_killpriv_v2 && !capable(CAP_FSETID))
                ia->write.in.write_flags |= FUSE_WRITE_KILL_SUIDGID;

        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &ap->args);
        if (!err && ia->write.out.size > count)
                err = -EIO;

        short_write = ia->write.out.size < count;
        offset = ap->descs[0].offset;
        count = ia->write.out.size;
        for (i = 0; i < ap->num_folios; i++) {
                struct folio *folio = ap->folios[i];

                if (err) {
                        folio_clear_uptodate(folio);
                } else {
                        if (count >= folio_size(folio) - offset)
                                count -= folio_size(folio) - offset;
                        else {
                                if (short_write)
                                        folio_clear_uptodate(folio);
                                count = 0;
                        }
                        offset = 0;
                }
                if (ia->write.folio_locked && (i == ap->num_folios - 1))
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }

        return err;
}

static ssize_t fuse_fill_write_pages(struct fuse_io_args *ia,
                                     struct address_space *mapping,
                                     struct iov_iter *ii, loff_t pos,
                                     unsigned int max_pages)
{
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &ia->ap;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(mapping->host);
        unsigned offset = pos & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
        unsigned int nr_pages = 0;
        size_t count = 0;
        int err;

        ap->args.in_pages = true;
        ap->descs[0].offset = offset;

        do {
                size_t tmp;
                struct folio *folio;
                pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                size_t bytes = min_t(size_t, PAGE_SIZE - offset,
                                     iov_iter_count(ii));

                bytes = min_t(size_t, bytes, fc->max_write - count);

 again:
                err = -EFAULT;
                if (fault_in_iov_iter_readable(ii, bytes))
                        break;

                folio = __filemap_get_folio(mapping, index, FGP_WRITEBEGIN,
                                            mapping_gfp_mask(mapping));
                if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(folio);
                        break;
                }

                if (mapping_writably_mapped(mapping))
                        flush_dcache_folio(folio);

                tmp = copy_folio_from_iter_atomic(folio, offset, bytes, ii);
                flush_dcache_folio(folio);

                if (!tmp) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        goto again;
                }

                err = 0;
                ap->folios[ap->num_folios] = folio;
                ap->descs[ap->num_folios].length = tmp;
                ap->num_folios++;
                nr_pages++;

                count += tmp;
                pos += tmp;
                offset += tmp;
                if (offset == PAGE_SIZE)
                        offset = 0;

                /* If we copied full page, mark it uptodate */
                if (tmp == PAGE_SIZE)
                        folio_mark_uptodate(folio);

                if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                } else {
                        ia->write.folio_locked = true;
                        break;
                }
                if (!fc->big_writes)
                        break;
        } while (iov_iter_count(ii) && count < fc->max_write &&
                 nr_pages < max_pages && offset == 0);

        return count > 0 ? count : err;
}

static inline unsigned int fuse_wr_pages(loff_t pos, size_t len,
                                     unsigned int max_pages)
{
        return min_t(unsigned int,
                     ((pos + len - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT) -
                     (pos >> PAGE_SHIFT) + 1,
                     max_pages);
}

static ssize_t fuse_perform_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *ii)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
        int err = 0;
        ssize_t res = 0;

        if (inode->i_size < pos + iov_iter_count(ii))
                set_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi->state);

        do {
                ssize_t count;
                struct fuse_io_args ia = {};
                struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &ia.ap;
                unsigned int nr_pages = fuse_wr_pages(pos, iov_iter_count(ii),
                                                      fc->max_pages);

                ap->folios = fuse_folios_alloc(nr_pages, GFP_KERNEL, &ap->descs);
                if (!ap->folios) {
                        err = -ENOMEM;
                        break;
                }

                count = fuse_fill_write_pages(&ia, mapping, ii, pos, nr_pages);
                if (count <= 0) {
                        err = count;
                } else {
                        err = fuse_send_write_pages(&ia, iocb, inode,
                                                    pos, count);
                        if (!err) {
                                size_t num_written = ia.write.out.size;

                                res += num_written;
                                pos += num_written;

                                /* break out of the loop on short write */
                                if (num_written != count)
                                        err = -EIO;
                        }
                }
                kfree(ap->folios);
        } while (!err && iov_iter_count(ii));

        fuse_write_update_attr(inode, pos, res);
        clear_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi->state);

        if (!res)
                return err;
        iocb->ki_pos += res;
        return res;
}

static bool fuse_io_past_eof(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);

        return iocb->ki_pos + iov_iter_count(iter) > i_size_read(inode);
}

/*
 * @return true if an exclusive lock for direct IO writes is needed
 */
static bool fuse_dio_wr_exclusive_lock(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        /* Server side has to advise that it supports parallel dio writes. */
        if (!(ff->open_flags & FOPEN_PARALLEL_DIRECT_WRITES))
                return true;

        /*
         * Append will need to know the eventual EOF - always needs an
         * exclusive lock.
         */
        if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_APPEND)
                return true;

        /* shared locks are not allowed with parallel page cache IO */
        if (test_bit(FUSE_I_CACHE_IO_MODE, &fi->state))
                return true;

        /* Parallel dio beyond EOF is not supported, at least for now. */
        if (fuse_io_past_eof(iocb, from))
                return true;

        return false;
}

static void fuse_dio_lock(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
                          bool *exclusive)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        *exclusive = fuse_dio_wr_exclusive_lock(iocb, from);
        if (*exclusive) {
                inode_lock(inode);
        } else {
                inode_lock_shared(inode);
                /*
                 * New parallal dio allowed only if inode is not in caching
                 * mode and denies new opens in caching mode. This check
                 * should be performed only after taking shared inode lock.
                 * Previous past eof check was without inode lock and might
                 * have raced, so check it again.
                 */
                if (fuse_io_past_eof(iocb, from) ||
                    fuse_inode_uncached_io_start(fi, NULL) != 0) {
                        inode_unlock_shared(inode);
                        inode_lock(inode);
                        *exclusive = true;
                }
        }
}

static void fuse_dio_unlock(struct kiocb *iocb, bool exclusive)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        if (exclusive) {
                inode_unlock(inode);
        } else {
                /* Allow opens in caching mode after last parallel dio end */
                fuse_inode_uncached_io_end(fi);
                inode_unlock_shared(inode);
        }
}

static ssize_t fuse_cache_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct mnt_idmap *idmap = file_mnt_idmap(file);
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        ssize_t written = 0;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        ssize_t err, count;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);

        if (fc->writeback_cache) {
                /* Update size (EOF optimization) and mode (SUID clearing) */
                err = fuse_update_attributes(mapping->host, file,
                                             STATX_SIZE | STATX_MODE);
                if (err)
                        return err;

                if (fc->handle_killpriv_v2 &&
                    setattr_should_drop_suidgid(idmap,
                                                file_inode(file))) {
                        goto writethrough;
                }

                return generic_file_write_iter(iocb, from);
        }

writethrough:
        inode_lock(inode);

        err = count = generic_write_checks(iocb, from);
        if (err <= 0)
                goto out;

        task_io_account_write(count);

        err = kiocb_modified(iocb);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
                written = generic_file_direct_write(iocb, from);
                if (written < 0 || !iov_iter_count(from))
                        goto out;
                written = direct_write_fallback(iocb, from, written,
                                fuse_perform_write(iocb, from));
        } else {
                written = fuse_perform_write(iocb, from);
        }
out:
        inode_unlock(inode);
        if (written > 0)
                written = generic_write_sync(iocb, written);

        return written ? written : err;
}

static inline unsigned long fuse_get_user_addr(const struct iov_iter *ii)
{
        return (unsigned long)iter_iov(ii)->iov_base + ii->iov_offset;
}

static inline size_t fuse_get_frag_size(const struct iov_iter *ii,
                                        size_t max_size)
{
        return min(iov_iter_single_seg_count(ii), max_size);
}

static int fuse_get_user_pages(struct fuse_args_pages *ap, struct iov_iter *ii,
                               size_t *nbytesp, int write,
                               unsigned int max_pages,
                               bool use_pages_for_kvec_io)
{
        bool flush_or_invalidate = false;
        unsigned int nr_pages = 0;
        size_t nbytes = 0;  /* # bytes already packed in req */
        ssize_t ret = 0;

        /* Special case for kernel I/O: can copy directly into the buffer.
         * However if the implementation of fuse_conn requires pages instead of
         * pointer (e.g., virtio-fs), use iov_iter_extract_pages() instead.
         */
        if (iov_iter_is_kvec(ii)) {
                void *user_addr = (void *)fuse_get_user_addr(ii);

                if (!use_pages_for_kvec_io) {
                        size_t frag_size = fuse_get_frag_size(ii, *nbytesp);

                        if (write)
                                ap->args.in_args[1].value = user_addr;
                        else
                                ap->args.out_args[0].value = user_addr;

                        iov_iter_advance(ii, frag_size);
                        *nbytesp = frag_size;
                        return 0;
                }

                if (is_vmalloc_addr(user_addr)) {
                        ap->args.vmap_base = user_addr;
                        flush_or_invalidate = true;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Until there is support for iov_iter_extract_folios(), we have to
         * manually extract pages using iov_iter_extract_pages() and then
         * copy that to a folios array.
         */
        struct page **pages = kzalloc(max_pages * sizeof(struct page *),
                                      GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!pages) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        while (nbytes < *nbytesp && nr_pages < max_pages) {
                unsigned nfolios, i;
                size_t start;

                ret = iov_iter_extract_pages(ii, &pages,
                                             *nbytesp - nbytes,
                                             max_pages - nr_pages,
                                             0, &start);
                if (ret < 0)
                        break;

                nbytes += ret;

                nfolios = DIV_ROUND_UP(ret + start, PAGE_SIZE);

                for (i = 0; i < nfolios; i++) {
                        struct folio *folio = page_folio(pages[i]);
                        unsigned int offset = start +
                                (folio_page_idx(folio, pages[i]) << PAGE_SHIFT);
                        unsigned int len = min_t(unsigned int, ret, PAGE_SIZE - start);

                        ap->descs[ap->num_folios].offset = offset;
                        ap->descs[ap->num_folios].length = len;
                        ap->folios[ap->num_folios] = folio;
                        start = 0;
                        ret -= len;
                        ap->num_folios++;
                }

                nr_pages += nfolios;
        }
        kfree(pages);

        if (write && flush_or_invalidate)
                flush_kernel_vmap_range(ap->args.vmap_base, nbytes);

        ap->args.invalidate_vmap = !write && flush_or_invalidate;
        ap->args.is_pinned = iov_iter_extract_will_pin(ii);
        ap->args.user_pages = true;
        if (write)
                ap->args.in_pages = true;
        else
                ap->args.out_pages = true;

out:
        *nbytesp = nbytes;

        return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
}

ssize_t fuse_direct_io(struct fuse_io_priv *io, struct iov_iter *iter,
                       loff_t *ppos, int flags)
{
        int write = flags & FUSE_DIO_WRITE;
        int cuse = flags & FUSE_DIO_CUSE;
        struct file *file = io->iocb->ki_filp;
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fm->fc;
        size_t nmax = write ? fc->max_write : fc->max_read;
        loff_t pos = *ppos;
        size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
        pgoff_t idx_from = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        pgoff_t idx_to = (pos + count - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        ssize_t res = 0;
        int err = 0;
        struct fuse_io_args *ia;
        unsigned int max_pages;
        bool fopen_direct_io = ff->open_flags & FOPEN_DIRECT_IO;

        max_pages = iov_iter_npages(iter, fc->max_pages);
        ia = fuse_io_alloc(io, max_pages);
        if (!ia)
                return -ENOMEM;

        if (fopen_direct_io && fc->direct_io_allow_mmap) {
                res = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, pos, pos + count - 1);
                if (res) {
                        fuse_io_free(ia);
                        return res;
                }
        }
        if (!cuse && fuse_range_is_writeback(inode, idx_from, idx_to)) {
                if (!write)
                        inode_lock(inode);
                fuse_sync_writes(inode);
                if (!write)
                        inode_unlock(inode);
        }

        if (fopen_direct_io && write) {
                res = invalidate_inode_pages2_range(mapping, idx_from, idx_to);
                if (res) {
                        fuse_io_free(ia);
                        return res;
                }
        }

        io->should_dirty = !write && user_backed_iter(iter);
        while (count) {
                ssize_t nres;
                fl_owner_t owner = current->files;
                size_t nbytes = min(count, nmax);

                err = fuse_get_user_pages(&ia->ap, iter, &nbytes, write,
                                          max_pages, fc->use_pages_for_kvec_io);
                if (err && !nbytes)
                        break;

                if (write) {
                        if (!capable(CAP_FSETID))
                                ia->write.in.write_flags |= FUSE_WRITE_KILL_SUIDGID;

                        nres = fuse_send_write(ia, pos, nbytes, owner);
                } else {
                        nres = fuse_send_read(ia, pos, nbytes, owner);
                }

                if (!io->async || nres < 0) {
                        fuse_release_user_pages(&ia->ap, nres, io->should_dirty);
                        fuse_io_free(ia);
                }
                ia = NULL;
                if (nres < 0) {
                        iov_iter_revert(iter, nbytes);
                        err = nres;
                        break;
                }
                WARN_ON(nres > nbytes);

                count -= nres;
                res += nres;
                pos += nres;
                if (nres != nbytes) {
                        iov_iter_revert(iter, nbytes - nres);
                        break;
                }
                if (count) {
                        max_pages = iov_iter_npages(iter, fc->max_pages);
                        ia = fuse_io_alloc(io, max_pages);
                        if (!ia)
                                break;
                }
        }
        if (ia)
                fuse_io_free(ia);
        if (res > 0)
                *ppos = pos;

        return res > 0 ? res : err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fuse_direct_io);

static ssize_t __fuse_direct_read(struct fuse_io_priv *io,
                                  struct iov_iter *iter,
                                  loff_t *ppos)
{
        ssize_t res;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(io->iocb->ki_filp);

        res = fuse_direct_io(io, iter, ppos, 0);

        fuse_invalidate_atime(inode);

        return res;
}

static ssize_t fuse_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter);

static ssize_t fuse_direct_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
{
        ssize_t res;

        if (!is_sync_kiocb(iocb)) {
                res = fuse_direct_IO(iocb, to);
        } else {
                struct fuse_io_priv io = FUSE_IO_PRIV_SYNC(iocb);

                res = __fuse_direct_read(&io, to, &iocb->ki_pos);
        }

        return res;
}

static ssize_t fuse_direct_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
        ssize_t res;
        bool exclusive;

        fuse_dio_lock(iocb, from, &exclusive);
        res = generic_write_checks(iocb, from);
        if (res > 0) {
                task_io_account_write(res);
                if (!is_sync_kiocb(iocb)) {
                        res = fuse_direct_IO(iocb, from);
                } else {
                        struct fuse_io_priv io = FUSE_IO_PRIV_SYNC(iocb);

                        res = fuse_direct_io(&io, from, &iocb->ki_pos,
                                             FUSE_DIO_WRITE);
                        fuse_write_update_attr(inode, iocb->ki_pos, res);
                }
        }
        fuse_dio_unlock(iocb, exclusive);

        return res;
}

static ssize_t fuse_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
{
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);

        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                return -EIO;

        if (FUSE_IS_DAX(inode))
                return fuse_dax_read_iter(iocb, to);

        /* FOPEN_DIRECT_IO overrides FOPEN_PASSTHROUGH */
        if (ff->open_flags & FOPEN_DIRECT_IO)
                return fuse_direct_read_iter(iocb, to);
        else if (fuse_file_passthrough(ff))
                return fuse_passthrough_read_iter(iocb, to);
        else
                return fuse_cache_read_iter(iocb, to);
}

static ssize_t fuse_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);

        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                return -EIO;

        if (FUSE_IS_DAX(inode))
                return fuse_dax_write_iter(iocb, from);

        /* FOPEN_DIRECT_IO overrides FOPEN_PASSTHROUGH */
        if (ff->open_flags & FOPEN_DIRECT_IO)
                return fuse_direct_write_iter(iocb, from);
        else if (fuse_file_passthrough(ff))
                return fuse_passthrough_write_iter(iocb, from);
        else
                return fuse_cache_write_iter(iocb, from);
}

static ssize_t fuse_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
                                struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
                                unsigned int flags)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = in->private_data;

        /* FOPEN_DIRECT_IO overrides FOPEN_PASSTHROUGH */
        if (fuse_file_passthrough(ff) && !(ff->open_flags & FOPEN_DIRECT_IO))
                return fuse_passthrough_splice_read(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags);
        else
                return filemap_splice_read(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags);
}

static ssize_t fuse_splice_write(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
                                 loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = out->private_data;

        /* FOPEN_DIRECT_IO overrides FOPEN_PASSTHROUGH */
        if (fuse_file_passthrough(ff) && !(ff->open_flags & FOPEN_DIRECT_IO))
                return fuse_passthrough_splice_write(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags);
        else
                return iter_file_splice_write(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags);
}

static void fuse_writepage_free(struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa)
{
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
        int i;

        if (wpa->bucket)
                fuse_sync_bucket_dec(wpa->bucket);

        for (i = 0; i < ap->num_folios; i++)
                folio_put(ap->folios[i]);

        fuse_file_put(wpa->ia.ff, false);

        kfree(ap->folios);
        kfree(wpa);
}

static void fuse_writepage_finish_stat(struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio)
{
        struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);

        dec_wb_stat(&bdi->wb, WB_WRITEBACK);
        node_stat_sub_folio(folio, NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP);
        wb_writeout_inc(&bdi->wb);
}

static void fuse_writepage_finish(struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa)
{
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
        struct inode *inode = wpa->inode;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ap->num_folios; i++)
                fuse_writepage_finish_stat(inode, ap->folios[i]);

        wake_up(&fi->page_waitq);
}

/* Called under fi->lock, may release and reacquire it */
static void fuse_send_writepage(struct fuse_mount *fm,
                                struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa, loff_t size)
__releases(fi->lock)
__acquires(fi->lock)
{
        struct fuse_writepage_args *aux, *next;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(wpa->inode);
        struct fuse_write_in *inarg = &wpa->ia.write.in;
        struct fuse_args *args = &wpa->ia.ap.args;
        /* Currently, all folios in FUSE are one page */
        __u64 data_size = wpa->ia.ap.num_folios * PAGE_SIZE;
        int err;

        fi->writectr++;
        if (inarg->offset + data_size <= size) {
                inarg->size = data_size;
        } else if (inarg->offset < size) {
                inarg->size = size - inarg->offset;
        } else {
                /* Got truncated off completely */
                goto out_free;
        }

        args->in_args[1].size = inarg->size;
        args->force = true;
        args->nocreds = true;

        err = fuse_simple_background(fm, args, GFP_ATOMIC);
        if (err == -ENOMEM) {
                spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
                err = fuse_simple_background(fm, args, GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
                spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        }

        /* Fails on broken connection only */
        if (unlikely(err))
                goto out_free;

        return;

 out_free:
        fi->writectr--;
        rb_erase(&wpa->writepages_entry, &fi->writepages);
        fuse_writepage_finish(wpa);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        /* After rb_erase() aux request list is private */
        for (aux = wpa->next; aux; aux = next) {
                next = aux->next;
                aux->next = NULL;
                fuse_writepage_finish_stat(aux->inode,
                                           aux->ia.ap.folios[0]);
                fuse_writepage_free(aux);
        }

        fuse_writepage_free(wpa);
        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
}

/*
 * If fi->writectr is positive (no truncate or fsync going on) send
 * all queued writepage requests.
 *
 * Called with fi->lock
 */
void fuse_flush_writepages(struct inode *inode)
__releases(fi->lock)
__acquires(fi->lock)
{
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        loff_t crop = i_size_read(inode);
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa;

        while (fi->writectr >= 0 && !list_empty(&fi->queued_writes)) {
                wpa = list_entry(fi->queued_writes.next,
                                 struct fuse_writepage_args, queue_entry);
                list_del_init(&wpa->queue_entry);
                fuse_send_writepage(fm, wpa, crop);
        }
}

static struct fuse_writepage_args *fuse_insert_writeback(struct rb_root *root,
                                                struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa)
{
        pgoff_t idx_from = wpa->ia.write.in.offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        pgoff_t idx_to = idx_from + wpa->ia.ap.num_folios - 1;
        struct rb_node **p = &root->rb_node;
        struct rb_node  *parent = NULL;

        WARN_ON(!wpa->ia.ap.num_folios);
        while (*p) {
                struct fuse_writepage_args *curr;
                pgoff_t curr_index;

                parent = *p;
                curr = rb_entry(parent, struct fuse_writepage_args,
                                writepages_entry);
                WARN_ON(curr->inode != wpa->inode);
                curr_index = curr->ia.write.in.offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;

                if (idx_from >= curr_index + curr->ia.ap.num_folios)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_right;
                else if (idx_to < curr_index)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_left;
                else
                        return curr;
        }

        rb_link_node(&wpa->writepages_entry, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&wpa->writepages_entry, root);
        return NULL;
}

static void tree_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa)
{
        WARN_ON(fuse_insert_writeback(root, wpa));
}

static void fuse_writepage_end(struct fuse_mount *fm, struct fuse_args *args,
                               int error)
{
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa =
                container_of(args, typeof(*wpa), ia.ap.args);
        struct inode *inode = wpa->inode;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);

        mapping_set_error(inode->i_mapping, error);
        /*
         * A writeback finished and this might have updated mtime/ctime on
         * server making local mtime/ctime stale.  Hence invalidate attrs.
         * Do this only if writeback_cache is not enabled.  If writeback_cache
         * is enabled, we trust local ctime/mtime.
         */
        if (!fc->writeback_cache)
                fuse_invalidate_attr_mask(inode, FUSE_STATX_MODIFY);
        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        rb_erase(&wpa->writepages_entry, &fi->writepages);
        while (wpa->next) {
                struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
                struct fuse_write_in *inarg = &wpa->ia.write.in;
                struct fuse_writepage_args *next = wpa->next;

                wpa->next = next->next;
                next->next = NULL;
                tree_insert(&fi->writepages, next);

                /*
                 * Skip fuse_flush_writepages() to make it easy to crop requests
                 * based on primary request size.
                 *
                 * 1st case (trivial): there are no concurrent activities using
                 * fuse_set/release_nowrite.  Then we're on safe side because
                 * fuse_flush_writepages() would call fuse_send_writepage()
                 * anyway.
                 *
                 * 2nd case: someone called fuse_set_nowrite and it is waiting
                 * now for completion of all in-flight requests.  This happens
                 * rarely and no more than once per page, so this should be
                 * okay.
                 *
                 * 3rd case: someone (e.g. fuse_do_setattr()) is in the middle
                 * of fuse_set_nowrite..fuse_release_nowrite section.  The fact
                 * that fuse_set_nowrite returned implies that all in-flight
                 * requests were completed along with all of their secondary
                 * requests.  Further primary requests are blocked by negative
                 * writectr.  Hence there cannot be any in-flight requests and
                 * no invocations of fuse_writepage_end() while we're in
                 * fuse_set_nowrite..fuse_release_nowrite section.
                 */
                fuse_send_writepage(fm, next, inarg->offset + inarg->size);
        }
        fi->writectr--;
        fuse_writepage_finish(wpa);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
        fuse_writepage_free(wpa);
}

static struct fuse_file *__fuse_write_file_get(struct fuse_inode *fi)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff;

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        ff = list_first_entry_or_null(&fi->write_files, struct fuse_file,
                                      write_entry);
        if (ff)
                fuse_file_get(ff);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        return ff;
}

static struct fuse_file *fuse_write_file_get(struct fuse_inode *fi)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = __fuse_write_file_get(fi);
        WARN_ON(!ff);
        return ff;
}

int fuse_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_file *ff;
        int err;

        /*
         * Inode is always written before the last reference is dropped and
         * hence this should not be reached from reclaim.
         *
         * Writing back the inode from reclaim can deadlock if the request
         * processing itself needs an allocation.  Allocations triggering
         * reclaim while serving a request can't be prevented, because it can
         * involve any number of unrelated userspace processes.
         */
        WARN_ON(wbc->for_reclaim);

        ff = __fuse_write_file_get(fi);
        err = fuse_flush_times(inode, ff);
        if (ff)
                fuse_file_put(ff, false);

        return err;
}

static struct fuse_writepage_args *fuse_writepage_args_alloc(void)
{
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa;
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap;

        wpa = kzalloc(sizeof(*wpa), GFP_NOFS);
        if (wpa) {
                ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
                ap->num_folios = 0;
                ap->folios = fuse_folios_alloc(1, GFP_NOFS, &ap->descs);
                if (!ap->folios) {
                        kfree(wpa);
                        wpa = NULL;
                }
        }
        return wpa;

}

static void fuse_writepage_add_to_bucket(struct fuse_conn *fc,
                                         struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa)
{
        if (!fc->sync_fs)
                return;

        rcu_read_lock();
        /* Prevent resurrection of dead bucket in unlikely race with syncfs */
        do {
                wpa->bucket = rcu_dereference(fc->curr_bucket);
        } while (unlikely(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&wpa->bucket->count)));
        rcu_read_unlock();
}

static void fuse_writepage_args_page_fill(struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa, struct folio *folio,
                                          struct folio *tmp_folio, uint32_t folio_index)
{
        struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &wpa->ia.ap;

        folio_copy(tmp_folio, folio);

        ap->folios[folio_index] = tmp_folio;
        ap->descs[folio_index].offset = 0;
        ap->descs[folio_index].length = PAGE_SIZE;

        inc_wb_stat(&inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb, WB_WRITEBACK);
        node_stat_add_folio(tmp_folio, NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP);
}

static struct fuse_writepage_args *fuse_writepage_args_setup(struct folio *folio,
                                                             struct fuse_file *ff)
{
        struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa;
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap;

        wpa = fuse_writepage_args_alloc();
        if (!wpa)
                return NULL;

        fuse_writepage_add_to_bucket(fc, wpa);
        fuse_write_args_fill(&wpa->ia, ff, folio_pos(folio), 0);
        wpa->ia.write.in.write_flags |= FUSE_WRITE_CACHE;
        wpa->inode = inode;
        wpa->ia.ff = ff;

        ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
        ap->args.in_pages = true;
        ap->args.end = fuse_writepage_end;

        return wpa;
}

static int fuse_writepage_locked(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa;
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap;
        struct folio *tmp_folio;
        struct fuse_file *ff;
        int error = -ENOMEM;

        tmp_folio = folio_alloc(GFP_NOFS | __GFP_HIGHMEM, 0);
        if (!tmp_folio)
                goto err;

        error = -EIO;
        ff = fuse_write_file_get(fi);
        if (!ff)
                goto err_nofile;

        wpa = fuse_writepage_args_setup(folio, ff);
        error = -ENOMEM;
        if (!wpa)
                goto err_writepage_args;

        ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
        ap->num_folios = 1;

        folio_start_writeback(folio);
        fuse_writepage_args_page_fill(wpa, folio, tmp_folio, 0);

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        tree_insert(&fi->writepages, wpa);
        list_add_tail(&wpa->queue_entry, &fi->queued_writes);
        fuse_flush_writepages(inode);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        folio_end_writeback(folio);

        return 0;

err_writepage_args:
        fuse_file_put(ff, false);
err_nofile:
        folio_put(tmp_folio);
err:
        mapping_set_error(folio->mapping, error);
        return error;
}

struct fuse_fill_wb_data {
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa;
        struct fuse_file *ff;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct folio **orig_folios;
        unsigned int max_folios;
};

static bool fuse_pages_realloc(struct fuse_fill_wb_data *data)
{
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &data->wpa->ia.ap;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(data->inode);
        struct folio **folios;
        struct fuse_folio_desc *descs;
        unsigned int nfolios = min_t(unsigned int,
                                     max_t(unsigned int, data->max_folios * 2,
                                           FUSE_DEFAULT_MAX_PAGES_PER_REQ),
                                    fc->max_pages);
        WARN_ON(nfolios <= data->max_folios);

        folios = fuse_folios_alloc(nfolios, GFP_NOFS, &descs);
        if (!folios)
                return false;

        memcpy(folios, ap->folios, sizeof(struct folio *) * ap->num_folios);
        memcpy(descs, ap->descs, sizeof(struct fuse_folio_desc) * ap->num_folios);
        kfree(ap->folios);
        ap->folios = folios;
        ap->descs = descs;
        data->max_folios = nfolios;

        return true;
}

static void fuse_writepages_send(struct fuse_fill_wb_data *data)
{
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa = data->wpa;
        struct inode *inode = data->inode;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        int num_folios = wpa->ia.ap.num_folios;
        int i;

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        list_add_tail(&wpa->queue_entry, &fi->queued_writes);
        fuse_flush_writepages(inode);
        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        for (i = 0; i < num_folios; i++)
                folio_end_writeback(data->orig_folios[i]);
}

/*
 * Check under fi->lock if the page is under writeback, and insert it onto the
 * rb_tree if not. Otherwise iterate auxiliary write requests, to see if there's
 * one already added for a page at this offset.  If there's none, then insert
 * this new request onto the auxiliary list, otherwise reuse the existing one by
 * swapping the new temp page with the old one.
 */
static bool fuse_writepage_add(struct fuse_writepage_args *new_wpa,
                               struct folio *folio)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(new_wpa->inode);
        struct fuse_writepage_args *tmp;
        struct fuse_writepage_args *old_wpa;
        struct fuse_args_pages *new_ap = &new_wpa->ia.ap;

        WARN_ON(new_ap->num_folios != 0);
        new_ap->num_folios = 1;

        spin_lock(&fi->lock);
        old_wpa = fuse_insert_writeback(&fi->writepages, new_wpa);
        if (!old_wpa) {
                spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
                return true;
        }

        for (tmp = old_wpa->next; tmp; tmp = tmp->next) {
                pgoff_t curr_index;

                WARN_ON(tmp->inode != new_wpa->inode);
                curr_index = tmp->ia.write.in.offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (curr_index == folio->index) {
                        WARN_ON(tmp->ia.ap.num_folios != 1);
                        swap(tmp->ia.ap.folios[0], new_ap->folios[0]);
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (!tmp) {
                new_wpa->next = old_wpa->next;
                old_wpa->next = new_wpa;
        }

        spin_unlock(&fi->lock);

        if (tmp) {
                fuse_writepage_finish_stat(new_wpa->inode,
                                           folio);
                fuse_writepage_free(new_wpa);
        }

        return false;
}

static bool fuse_writepage_need_send(struct fuse_conn *fc, struct folio *folio,
                                     struct fuse_args_pages *ap,
                                     struct fuse_fill_wb_data *data)
{
        WARN_ON(!ap->num_folios);

        /*
         * Being under writeback is unlikely but possible.  For example direct
         * read to an mmaped fuse file will set the page dirty twice; once when
         * the pages are faulted with get_user_pages(), and then after the read
         * completed.
         */
        if (fuse_folio_is_writeback(data->inode, folio))
                return true;

        /* Reached max pages */
        if (ap->num_folios == fc->max_pages)
                return true;

        /* Reached max write bytes */
        if ((ap->num_folios + 1) * PAGE_SIZE > fc->max_write)
                return true;

        /* Discontinuity */
        if (data->orig_folios[ap->num_folios - 1]->index + 1 != folio_index(folio))
                return true;

        /* Need to grow the pages array?  If so, did the expansion fail? */
        if (ap->num_folios == data->max_folios && !fuse_pages_realloc(data))
                return true;

        return false;
}

static int fuse_writepages_fill(struct folio *folio,
                struct writeback_control *wbc, void *_data)
{
        struct fuse_fill_wb_data *data = _data;
        struct fuse_writepage_args *wpa = data->wpa;
        struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
        struct inode *inode = data->inode;
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct folio *tmp_folio;
        int err;

        if (!data->ff) {
                err = -EIO;
                data->ff = fuse_write_file_get(fi);
                if (!data->ff)
                        goto out_unlock;
        }

        if (wpa && fuse_writepage_need_send(fc, folio, ap, data)) {
                fuse_writepages_send(data);
                data->wpa = NULL;
        }

        err = -ENOMEM;
        tmp_folio = folio_alloc(GFP_NOFS | __GFP_HIGHMEM, 0);
        if (!tmp_folio)
                goto out_unlock;

        /*
         * The page must not be redirtied until the writeout is completed
         * (i.e. userspace has sent a reply to the write request).  Otherwise
         * there could be more than one temporary page instance for each real
         * page.
         *
         * This is ensured by holding the page lock in page_mkwrite() while
         * checking fuse_page_is_writeback().  We already hold the page lock
         * since clear_page_dirty_for_io() and keep it held until we add the
         * request to the fi->writepages list and increment ap->num_folios.
         * After this fuse_page_is_writeback() will indicate that the page is
         * under writeback, so we can release the page lock.
         */
        if (data->wpa == NULL) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                wpa = fuse_writepage_args_setup(folio, data->ff);
                if (!wpa) {
                        folio_put(tmp_folio);
                        goto out_unlock;
                }
                fuse_file_get(wpa->ia.ff);
                data->max_folios = 1;
                ap = &wpa->ia.ap;
        }
        folio_start_writeback(folio);

        fuse_writepage_args_page_fill(wpa, folio, tmp_folio, ap->num_folios);
        data->orig_folios[ap->num_folios] = folio;

        err = 0;
        if (data->wpa) {
                /*
                 * Protected by fi->lock against concurrent access by
                 * fuse_page_is_writeback().
                 */
                spin_lock(&fi->lock);
                ap->num_folios++;
                spin_unlock(&fi->lock);
        } else if (fuse_writepage_add(wpa, folio)) {
                data->wpa = wpa;
        } else {
                folio_end_writeback(folio);
        }
out_unlock:
        folio_unlock(folio);

        return err;
}

static int fuse_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
                           struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_fill_wb_data data;
        int err;

        err = -EIO;
        if (fuse_is_bad(inode))
                goto out;

        if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE &&
            fc->num_background >= fc->congestion_threshold)
                return 0;

        data.inode = inode;
        data.wpa = NULL;
        data.ff = NULL;

        err = -ENOMEM;
        data.orig_folios = kcalloc(fc->max_pages,
                                   sizeof(struct folio *),
                                   GFP_NOFS);
        if (!data.orig_folios)
                goto out;

        err = write_cache_pages(mapping, wbc, fuse_writepages_fill, &data);
        if (data.wpa) {
                WARN_ON(!data.wpa->ia.ap.num_folios);
                fuse_writepages_send(&data);
        }
        if (data.ff)
                fuse_file_put(data.ff, false);

        kfree(data.orig_folios);
out:
        return err;
}

/*
 * It's worthy to make sure that space is reserved on disk for the write,
 * but how to implement it without killing performance need more thinking.
 */
static int fuse_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
                loff_t pos, unsigned len, struct folio **foliop, void **fsdata)
{
        pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(file_inode(file));
        struct folio *folio;
        loff_t fsize;
        int err = -ENOMEM;

        WARN_ON(!fc->writeback_cache);

        folio = __filemap_get_folio(mapping, index, FGP_WRITEBEGIN,
                        mapping_gfp_mask(mapping));
        if (IS_ERR(folio))
                goto error;

        fuse_wait_on_page_writeback(mapping->host, folio->index);

        if (folio_test_uptodate(folio) || len >= folio_size(folio))
                goto success;
        /*
         * Check if the start of this folio comes after the end of file,
         * in which case the readpage can be optimized away.
         */
        fsize = i_size_read(mapping->host);
        if (fsize <= folio_pos(folio)) {
                size_t off = offset_in_folio(folio, pos);
                if (off)
                        folio_zero_segment(folio, 0, off);
                goto success;
        }
        err = fuse_do_readfolio(file, folio);
        if (err)
                goto cleanup;
success:
        *foliop = folio;
        return 0;

cleanup:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);
error:
        return err;
}

static int fuse_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
                loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
                struct folio *folio, void *fsdata)
{
        struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;

        /* Haven't copied anything?  Skip zeroing, size extending, dirtying. */
        if (!copied)
                goto unlock;

        pos += copied;
        if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                /* Zero any unwritten bytes at the end of the page */
                size_t endoff = pos & ~PAGE_MASK;
                if (endoff)
                        folio_zero_segment(folio, endoff, PAGE_SIZE);
                folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
        }

        if (pos > inode->i_size)
                i_size_write(inode, pos);

        folio_mark_dirty(folio);

unlock:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);

        return copied;
}

static int fuse_launder_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
        int err = 0;
        if (folio_clear_dirty_for_io(folio)) {
                struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;

                /* Serialize with pending writeback for the same page */
                fuse_wait_on_page_writeback(inode, folio->index);
                err = fuse_writepage_locked(folio);
                if (!err)
                        fuse_wait_on_page_writeback(inode, folio->index);
        }
        return err;
}

/*
 * Write back dirty data/metadata now (there may not be any suitable
 * open files later for data)
 */
static void fuse_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        int err;

        err = write_inode_now(vma->vm_file->f_mapping->host, 1);
        mapping_set_error(vma->vm_file->f_mapping, err);
}

/*
 * Wait for writeback against this page to complete before allowing it
 * to be marked dirty again, and hence written back again, possibly
 * before the previous writepage completed.
 *
 * Block here, instead of in ->writepage(), so that the userspace fs
 * can only block processes actually operating on the filesystem.
 *
 * Otherwise unprivileged userspace fs would be able to block
 * unrelated:
 *
 * - page migration
 * - sync(2)
 * - try_to_free_pages() with order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER
 */
static vm_fault_t fuse_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vmf->vma->vm_file);

        file_update_time(vmf->vma->vm_file);
        folio_lock(folio);
        if (folio->mapping != inode->i_mapping) {
                folio_unlock(folio);
                return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
        }

        fuse_wait_on_folio_writeback(inode, folio);
        return VM_FAULT_LOCKED;
}

static const struct vm_operations_struct fuse_file_vm_ops = {
        .close          = fuse_vma_close,
        .fault          = filemap_fault,
        .map_pages      = filemap_map_pages,
        .page_mkwrite   = fuse_page_mkwrite,
};

static int fuse_file_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fm->fc;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        int rc;

        /* DAX mmap is superior to direct_io mmap */
        if (FUSE_IS_DAX(inode))
                return fuse_dax_mmap(file, vma);

        /*
         * If inode is in passthrough io mode, because it has some file open
         * in passthrough mode, either mmap to backing file or fail mmap,
         * because mixing cached mmap and passthrough io mode is not allowed.
         */
        if (fuse_file_passthrough(ff))
                return fuse_passthrough_mmap(file, vma);
        else if (fuse_inode_backing(get_fuse_inode(inode)))
                return -ENODEV;

        /*
         * FOPEN_DIRECT_IO handling is special compared to O_DIRECT,
         * as does not allow MAP_SHARED mmap without FUSE_DIRECT_IO_ALLOW_MMAP.
         */
        if (ff->open_flags & FOPEN_DIRECT_IO) {
                /*
                 * Can't provide the coherency needed for MAP_SHARED
                 * if FUSE_DIRECT_IO_ALLOW_MMAP isn't set.
                 */
                if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) && !fc->direct_io_allow_mmap)
                        return -ENODEV;

                invalidate_inode_pages2(file->f_mapping);

                if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE)) {
                        /* MAP_PRIVATE */
                        return generic_file_mmap(file, vma);
                }

                /*
                 * First mmap of direct_io file enters caching inode io mode.
                 * Also waits for parallel dio writers to go into serial mode
                 * (exclusive instead of shared lock).
                 * After first mmap, the inode stays in caching io mode until
                 * the direct_io file release.
                 */
                rc = fuse_file_cached_io_open(inode, ff);
                if (rc)
                        return rc;
        }

        if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))
                fuse_link_write_file(file);

        file_accessed(file);
        vma->vm_ops = &fuse_file_vm_ops;
        return 0;
}

static int convert_fuse_file_lock(struct fuse_conn *fc,
                                  const struct fuse_file_lock *ffl,
                                  struct file_lock *fl)
{
        switch (ffl->type) {
        case F_UNLCK:
                break;

        case F_RDLCK:
        case F_WRLCK:
                if (ffl->start > OFFSET_MAX || ffl->end > OFFSET_MAX ||
                    ffl->end < ffl->start)
                        return -EIO;

                fl->fl_start = ffl->start;
                fl->fl_end = ffl->end;

                /*
                 * Convert pid into init's pid namespace.  The locks API will
                 * translate it into the caller's pid namespace.
                 */
                rcu_read_lock();
                fl->c.flc_pid = pid_nr_ns(find_pid_ns(ffl->pid, fc->pid_ns), &init_pid_ns);
                rcu_read_unlock();
                break;

        default:
                return -EIO;
        }
        fl->c.flc_type = ffl->type;
        return 0;
}

static void fuse_lk_fill(struct fuse_args *args, struct file *file,
                         const struct file_lock *fl, int opcode, pid_t pid,
                         int flock, struct fuse_lk_in *inarg)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;

        memset(inarg, 0, sizeof(*inarg));
        inarg->fh = ff->fh;
        inarg->owner = fuse_lock_owner_id(fc, fl->c.flc_owner);
        inarg->lk.start = fl->fl_start;
        inarg->lk.end = fl->fl_end;
        inarg->lk.type = fl->c.flc_type;
        inarg->lk.pid = pid;
        if (flock)
                inarg->lk_flags |= FUSE_LK_FLOCK;
        args->opcode = opcode;
        args->nodeid = get_node_id(inode);
        args->in_numargs = 1;
        args->in_args[0].size = sizeof(*inarg);
        args->in_args[0].value = inarg;
}

static int fuse_getlk(struct file *file, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_lk_in inarg;
        struct fuse_lk_out outarg;
        int err;

        fuse_lk_fill(&args, file, fl, FUSE_GETLK, 0, 0, &inarg);
        args.out_numargs = 1;
        args.out_args[0].size = sizeof(outarg);
        args.out_args[0].value = &outarg;
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
        if (!err)
                err = convert_fuse_file_lock(fm->fc, &outarg.lk, fl);

        return err;
}

static int fuse_setlk(struct file *file, struct file_lock *fl, int flock)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_lk_in inarg;
        int opcode = (fl->c.flc_flags & FL_SLEEP) ? FUSE_SETLKW : FUSE_SETLK;
        struct pid *pid = fl->c.flc_type != F_UNLCK ? task_tgid(current) : NULL;
        pid_t pid_nr = pid_nr_ns(pid, fm->fc->pid_ns);
        int err;

        if (fl->fl_lmops && fl->fl_lmops->lm_grant) {
                /* NLM needs asynchronous locks, which we don't support yet */
                return -ENOLCK;
        }

        fuse_lk_fill(&args, file, fl, opcode, pid_nr, flock, &inarg);
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);

        /* locking is restartable */
        if (err == -EINTR)
                err = -ERESTARTSYS;

        return err;
}

static int fuse_file_lock(struct file *file, int cmd, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        int err;

        if (cmd == F_CANCELLK) {
                err = 0;
        } else if (cmd == F_GETLK) {
                if (fc->no_lock) {
                        posix_test_lock(file, fl);
                        err = 0;
                } else
                        err = fuse_getlk(file, fl);
        } else {
                if (fc->no_lock)
                        err = posix_lock_file(file, fl, NULL);
                else
                        err = fuse_setlk(file, fl, 0);
        }
        return err;
}

static int fuse_file_flock(struct file *file, int cmd, struct file_lock *fl)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn(inode);
        int err;

        if (fc->no_flock) {
                err = locks_lock_file_wait(file, fl);
        } else {
                struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;

                /* emulate flock with POSIX locks */
                ff->flock = true;
                err = fuse_setlk(file, fl, 1);
        }

        return err;
}

static sector_t fuse_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t block)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_bmap_in inarg;
        struct fuse_bmap_out outarg;
        int err;

        if (!inode->i_sb->s_bdev || fm->fc->no_bmap)
                return 0;

        memset(&inarg, 0, sizeof(inarg));
        inarg.block = block;
        inarg.blocksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
        args.opcode = FUSE_BMAP;
        args.nodeid = get_node_id(inode);
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        args.out_numargs = 1;
        args.out_args[0].size = sizeof(outarg);
        args.out_args[0].value = &outarg;
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
        if (err == -ENOSYS)
                fm->fc->no_bmap = 1;

        return err ? 0 : outarg.block;
}

static loff_t fuse_lseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
        struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = get_fuse_mount(inode);
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_lseek_in inarg = {
                .fh = ff->fh,
                .offset = offset,
                .whence = whence
        };
        struct fuse_lseek_out outarg;
        int err;

        if (fm->fc->no_lseek)
                goto fallback;

        args.opcode = FUSE_LSEEK;
        args.nodeid = ff->nodeid;
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        args.out_numargs = 1;
        args.out_args[0].size = sizeof(outarg);
        args.out_args[0].value = &outarg;
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
        if (err) {
                if (err == -ENOSYS) {
                        fm->fc->no_lseek = 1;
                        goto fallback;
                }
                return err;
        }

        return vfs_setpos(file, outarg.offset, inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes);

fallback:
        err = fuse_update_attributes(inode, file, STATX_SIZE);
        if (!err)
                return generic_file_llseek(file, offset, whence);
        else
                return err;
}

static loff_t fuse_file_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
        loff_t retval;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);

        switch (whence) {
        case SEEK_SET:
        case SEEK_CUR:
                 /* No i_mutex protection necessary for SEEK_CUR and SEEK_SET */
                retval = generic_file_llseek(file, offset, whence);
                break;
        case SEEK_END:
                inode_lock(inode);
                retval = fuse_update_attributes(inode, file, STATX_SIZE);
                if (!retval)
                        retval = generic_file_llseek(file, offset, whence);
                inode_unlock(inode);
                break;
        case SEEK_HOLE:
        case SEEK_DATA:
                inode_lock(inode);
                retval = fuse_lseek(file, offset, whence);
                inode_unlock(inode);
                break;
        default:
                retval = -EINVAL;
        }

        return retval;
}

/*
 * All files which have been polled are linked to RB tree
 * fuse_conn->polled_files which is indexed by kh.  Walk the tree and
 * find the matching one.
 */
static struct rb_node **fuse_find_polled_node(struct fuse_conn *fc, u64 kh,
                                              struct rb_node **parent_out)
{
        struct rb_node **link = &fc->polled_files.rb_node;
        struct rb_node *last = NULL;

        while (*link) {
                struct fuse_file *ff;

                last = *link;
                ff = rb_entry(last, struct fuse_file, polled_node);

                if (kh < ff->kh)
                        link = &last->rb_left;
                else if (kh > ff->kh)
                        link = &last->rb_right;
                else
                        return link;
        }

        if (parent_out)
                *parent_out = last;
        return link;
}

/*
 * The file is about to be polled.  Make sure it's on the polled_files
 * RB tree.  Note that files once added to the polled_files tree are
 * not removed before the file is released.  This is because a file
 * polled once is likely to be polled again.
 */
static void fuse_register_polled_file(struct fuse_conn *fc,
                                      struct fuse_file *ff)
{
        spin_lock(&fc->lock);
        if (RB_EMPTY_NODE(&ff->polled_node)) {
                struct rb_node **link, *parent;

                link = fuse_find_polled_node(fc, ff->kh, &parent);
                BUG_ON(*link);
                rb_link_node(&ff->polled_node, parent, link);
                rb_insert_color(&ff->polled_node, &fc->polled_files);
        }
        spin_unlock(&fc->lock);
}

__poll_t fuse_file_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;
        struct fuse_poll_in inarg = { .fh = ff->fh, .kh = ff->kh };
        struct fuse_poll_out outarg;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        int err;

        if (fm->fc->no_poll)
                return DEFAULT_POLLMASK;

        poll_wait(file, &ff->poll_wait, wait);
        inarg.events = mangle_poll(poll_requested_events(wait));

        /*
         * Ask for notification iff there's someone waiting for it.
         * The client may ignore the flag and always notify.
         */
        if (waitqueue_active(&ff->poll_wait)) {
                inarg.flags |= FUSE_POLL_SCHEDULE_NOTIFY;
                fuse_register_polled_file(fm->fc, ff);
        }

        args.opcode = FUSE_POLL;
        args.nodeid = ff->nodeid;
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        args.out_numargs = 1;
        args.out_args[0].size = sizeof(outarg);
        args.out_args[0].value = &outarg;
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);

        if (!err)
                return demangle_poll(outarg.revents);
        if (err == -ENOSYS) {
                fm->fc->no_poll = 1;
                return DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
        }
        return EPOLLERR;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fuse_file_poll);

/*
 * This is called from fuse_handle_notify() on FUSE_NOTIFY_POLL and
 * wakes up the poll waiters.
 */
int fuse_notify_poll_wakeup(struct fuse_conn *fc,
                            struct fuse_notify_poll_wakeup_out *outarg)
{
        u64 kh = outarg->kh;
        struct rb_node **link;

        spin_lock(&fc->lock);

        link = fuse_find_polled_node(fc, kh, NULL);
        if (*link) {
                struct fuse_file *ff;

                ff = rb_entry(*link, struct fuse_file, polled_node);
                wake_up_interruptible_sync(&ff->poll_wait);
        }

        spin_unlock(&fc->lock);
        return 0;
}

static void fuse_do_truncate(struct file *file)
{
        struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
        struct iattr attr;

        attr.ia_valid = ATTR_SIZE;
        attr.ia_size = i_size_read(inode);

        attr.ia_file = file;
        attr.ia_valid |= ATTR_FILE;

        fuse_do_setattr(file_mnt_idmap(file), file_dentry(file), &attr, file);
}

static inline loff_t fuse_round_up(struct fuse_conn *fc, loff_t off)
{
        return round_up(off, fc->max_pages << PAGE_SHIFT);
}

static ssize_t
fuse_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
{
        DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(wait);
        ssize_t ret = 0;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        loff_t pos = 0;
        struct inode *inode;
        loff_t i_size;
        size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter), shortened = 0;
        loff_t offset = iocb->ki_pos;
        struct fuse_io_priv *io;

        pos = offset;
        inode = file->f_mapping->host;
        i_size = i_size_read(inode);

        if ((iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) && (offset >= i_size))
                return 0;

        io = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fuse_io_priv), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!io)
                return -ENOMEM;
        spin_lock_init(&io->lock);
        kref_init(&io->refcnt);
        io->reqs = 1;
        io->bytes = -1;
        io->size = 0;
        io->offset = offset;
        io->write = (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE);
        io->err = 0;
        /*
         * By default, we want to optimize all I/Os with async request
         * submission to the client filesystem if supported.
         */
        io->async = ff->fm->fc->async_dio;
        io->iocb = iocb;
        io->blocking = is_sync_kiocb(iocb);

        /* optimization for short read */
        if (io->async && !io->write && offset + count > i_size) {
                iov_iter_truncate(iter, fuse_round_up(ff->fm->fc, i_size - offset));
                shortened = count - iov_iter_count(iter);
                count -= shortened;
        }

        /*
         * We cannot asynchronously extend the size of a file.
         * In such case the aio will behave exactly like sync io.
         */
        if ((offset + count > i_size) && io->write)
                io->blocking = true;

        if (io->async && io->blocking) {
                /*
                 * Additional reference to keep io around after
                 * calling fuse_aio_complete()
                 */
                kref_get(&io->refcnt);
                io->done = &wait;
        }

        if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE) {
                ret = fuse_direct_io(io, iter, &pos, FUSE_DIO_WRITE);
                fuse_invalidate_attr_mask(inode, FUSE_STATX_MODSIZE);
        } else {
                ret = __fuse_direct_read(io, iter, &pos);
        }
        iov_iter_reexpand(iter, iov_iter_count(iter) + shortened);

        if (io->async) {
                bool blocking = io->blocking;

                fuse_aio_complete(io, ret < 0 ? ret : 0, -1);

                /* we have a non-extending, async request, so return */
                if (!blocking)
                        return -EIOCBQUEUED;

                wait_for_completion(&wait);
                ret = fuse_get_res_by_io(io);
        }

        kref_put(&io->refcnt, fuse_io_release);

        if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE) {
                fuse_write_update_attr(inode, pos, ret);
                /* For extending writes we already hold exclusive lock */
                if (ret < 0 && offset + count > i_size)
                        fuse_do_truncate(file);
        }

        return ret;
}

static int fuse_writeback_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end)
{
        int err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, start, LLONG_MAX);

        if (!err)
                fuse_sync_writes(inode);

        return err;
}

static long fuse_file_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
                                loff_t length)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_fallocate_in inarg = {
                .fh = ff->fh,
                .offset = offset,
                .length = length,
                .mode = mode
        };
        int err;
        bool block_faults = FUSE_IS_DAX(inode) &&
                (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) ||
                 (mode & (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE)));

        if (mode & ~(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE |
                     FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE))
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        if (fm->fc->no_fallocate)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        inode_lock(inode);
        if (block_faults) {
                filemap_invalidate_lock(inode->i_mapping);
                err = fuse_dax_break_layouts(inode, 0, 0);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (mode & (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE)) {
                loff_t endbyte = offset + length - 1;

                err = fuse_writeback_range(inode, offset, endbyte);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) &&
            offset + length > i_size_read(inode)) {
                err = inode_newsize_ok(inode, offset + length);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        err = file_modified(file);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE))
                set_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi->state);

        args.opcode = FUSE_FALLOCATE;
        args.nodeid = ff->nodeid;
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
        if (err == -ENOSYS) {
                fm->fc->no_fallocate = 1;
                err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        }
        if (err)
                goto out;

        /* we could have extended the file */
        if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE)) {
                if (fuse_write_update_attr(inode, offset + length, length))
                        file_update_time(file);
        }

        if (mode & (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE))
                truncate_pagecache_range(inode, offset, offset + length - 1);

        fuse_invalidate_attr_mask(inode, FUSE_STATX_MODSIZE);

out:
        if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE))
                clear_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi->state);

        if (block_faults)
                filemap_invalidate_unlock(inode->i_mapping);

        inode_unlock(inode);

        fuse_flush_time_update(inode);

        return err;
}

static ssize_t __fuse_copy_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
                                      struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
                                      size_t len, unsigned int flags)
{
        struct fuse_file *ff_in = file_in->private_data;
        struct fuse_file *ff_out = file_out->private_data;
        struct inode *inode_in = file_inode(file_in);
        struct inode *inode_out = file_inode(file_out);
        struct fuse_inode *fi_out = get_fuse_inode(inode_out);
        struct fuse_mount *fm = ff_in->fm;
        struct fuse_conn *fc = fm->fc;
        FUSE_ARGS(args);
        struct fuse_copy_file_range_in inarg = {
                .fh_in = ff_in->fh,
                .off_in = pos_in,
                .nodeid_out = ff_out->nodeid,
                .fh_out = ff_out->fh,
                .off_out = pos_out,
                .len = len,
                .flags = flags
        };
        struct fuse_write_out outarg;
        ssize_t err;
        /* mark unstable when write-back is not used, and file_out gets
         * extended */
        bool is_unstable = (!fc->writeback_cache) &&
                           ((pos_out + len) > inode_out->i_size);

        if (fc->no_copy_file_range)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        if (file_inode(file_in)->i_sb != file_inode(file_out)->i_sb)
                return -EXDEV;

        inode_lock(inode_in);
        err = fuse_writeback_range(inode_in, pos_in, pos_in + len - 1);
        inode_unlock(inode_in);
        if (err)
                return err;

        inode_lock(inode_out);

        err = file_modified(file_out);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        /*
         * Write out dirty pages in the destination file before sending the COPY
         * request to userspace.  After the request is completed, truncate off
         * pages (including partial ones) from the cache that have been copied,
         * since these contain stale data at that point.
         *
         * This should be mostly correct, but if the COPY writes to partial
         * pages (at the start or end) and the parts not covered by the COPY are
         * written through a memory map after calling fuse_writeback_range(),
         * then these partial page modifications will be lost on truncation.
         *
         * It is unlikely that someone would rely on such mixed style
         * modifications.  Yet this does give less guarantees than if the
         * copying was performed with write(2).
         *
         * To fix this a mapping->invalidate_lock could be used to prevent new
         * faults while the copy is ongoing.
         */
        err = fuse_writeback_range(inode_out, pos_out, pos_out + len - 1);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        if (is_unstable)
                set_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi_out->state);

        args.opcode = FUSE_COPY_FILE_RANGE;
        args.nodeid = ff_in->nodeid;
        args.in_numargs = 1;
        args.in_args[0].size = sizeof(inarg);
        args.in_args[0].value = &inarg;
        args.out_numargs = 1;
        args.out_args[0].size = sizeof(outarg);
        args.out_args[0].value = &outarg;
        err = fuse_simple_request(fm, &args);
        if (err == -ENOSYS) {
                fc->no_copy_file_range = 1;
                err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        }
        if (err)
                goto out;

        truncate_inode_pages_range(inode_out->i_mapping,
                                   ALIGN_DOWN(pos_out, PAGE_SIZE),
                                   ALIGN(pos_out + outarg.size, PAGE_SIZE) - 1);

        file_update_time(file_out);
        fuse_write_update_attr(inode_out, pos_out + outarg.size, outarg.size);

        err = outarg.size;
out:
        if (is_unstable)
                clear_bit(FUSE_I_SIZE_UNSTABLE, &fi_out->state);

        inode_unlock(inode_out);
        file_accessed(file_in);

        fuse_flush_time_update(inode_out);

        return err;
}

static ssize_t fuse_copy_file_range(struct file *src_file, loff_t src_off,
                                    struct file *dst_file, loff_t dst_off,
                                    size_t len, unsigned int flags)
{
        ssize_t ret;

        ret = __fuse_copy_file_range(src_file, src_off, dst_file, dst_off,
                                     len, flags);

        if (ret == -EOPNOTSUPP || ret == -EXDEV)
                ret = splice_copy_file_range(src_file, src_off, dst_file,
                                             dst_off, len);
        return ret;
}

static const struct file_operations fuse_file_operations = {
        .llseek         = fuse_file_llseek,
        .read_iter      = fuse_file_read_iter,
        .write_iter     = fuse_file_write_iter,
        .mmap           = fuse_file_mmap,
        .open           = fuse_open,
        .flush          = fuse_flush,
        .release        = fuse_release,
        .fsync          = fuse_fsync,
        .lock           = fuse_file_lock,
        .get_unmapped_area = thp_get_unmapped_area,
        .flock          = fuse_file_flock,
        .splice_read    = fuse_splice_read,
        .splice_write   = fuse_splice_write,
        .unlocked_ioctl = fuse_file_ioctl,
        .compat_ioctl   = fuse_file_compat_ioctl,
        .poll           = fuse_file_poll,
        .fallocate      = fuse_file_fallocate,
        .copy_file_range = fuse_copy_file_range,
};

static const struct address_space_operations fuse_file_aops  = {
        .read_folio     = fuse_read_folio,
        .readahead      = fuse_readahead,
        .writepages     = fuse_writepages,
        .launder_folio  = fuse_launder_folio,
        .dirty_folio    = filemap_dirty_folio,
        .migrate_folio  = filemap_migrate_folio,
        .bmap           = fuse_bmap,
        .direct_IO      = fuse_direct_IO,
        .write_begin    = fuse_write_begin,
        .write_end      = fuse_write_end,
};

void fuse_init_file_inode(struct inode *inode, unsigned int flags)
{
        struct fuse_inode *fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);

        inode->i_fop = &fuse_file_operations;
        inode->i_data.a_ops = &fuse_file_aops;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fi->write_files);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fi->queued_writes);
        fi->writectr = 0;
        fi->iocachectr = 0;
        init_waitqueue_head(&fi->page_waitq);
        init_waitqueue_head(&fi->direct_io_waitq);
        fi->writepages = RB_ROOT;

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FUSE_DAX))
                fuse_dax_inode_init(inode, flags);
}