1 config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
3 depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
7 depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
8 default DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_DEFAULT
9 default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
10 default FLATMEM_MANUAL
14 depends on !(ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
16 This option allows you to change some of the ways that
17 Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
18 only have one option here: FLATMEM. This is normal
21 Some users of more advanced features like NUMA and
22 memory hotplug may have different options here.
23 DISCONTIGMEM is a more mature, better tested system,
24 but is incompatible with memory hotplug and may suffer
25 decreased performance over SPARSEMEM. If unsure between
26 "Sparse Memory" and "Discontiguous Memory", choose
27 "Discontiguous Memory".
29 If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
31 config DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
32 bool "Discontiguous Memory"
33 depends on ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE
35 This option provides enhanced support for discontiguous
36 memory systems, over FLATMEM. These systems have holes
37 in their physical address spaces, and this option provides
38 more efficient handling of these holes. However, the vast
39 majority of hardware has quite flat address spaces, and
40 can have degraded performance from the extra overhead that
43 Many NUMA configurations will have this as the only option.
45 If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
47 config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
49 depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
51 This will be the only option for some systems, including
52 memory hotplug systems. This is normal.
54 For many other systems, this will be an alternative to
55 "Discontiguous Memory". This option provides some potential
56 performance benefits, along with decreased code complexity,
57 but it is newer, and more experimental.
59 If unsure, choose "Discontiguous Memory" or "Flat Memory"
66 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE) || DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
70 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
74 depends on (!DISCONTIGMEM && !SPARSEMEM) || FLATMEM_MANUAL
76 config FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
81 # Both the NUMA code and DISCONTIGMEM use arrays of pg_data_t's
82 # to represent different areas of memory. This variable allows
83 # those dependencies to exist individually.
85 config NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
87 depends on DISCONTIGMEM || NUMA
89 config HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT
91 depends on ARCH_HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT || SPARSEMEM
94 # SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
95 # allocations when memory_present() is called. If this cannot
96 # be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
97 # statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
98 # consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
100 # This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
101 # with gcc 3.4 and later.
103 config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
107 # Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
108 # must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
109 # an extremely sparse physical address space.
111 config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
113 depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
115 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
118 config SPARSEMEM_ALLOC_MEM_MAP_TOGETHER
120 depends on SPARSEMEM && X86_64
122 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
123 bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap"
124 depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
127 SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
128 pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
129 efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
134 config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
137 config ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK
143 config MEMORY_ISOLATION
147 boolean "Enable to assign a node which has only movable memory"
148 depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK
149 depends on NO_BOOTMEM
154 Allow a node to have only movable memory. Pages used by the kernel,
155 such as direct mapping pages cannot be migrated. So the corresponding
156 memory device cannot be hotplugged. This option allows the following
158 - When the system is booting, node full of hotpluggable memory can
159 be arranged to have only movable memory so that the whole node can
160 be hot-removed. (need movable_node boot option specified).
161 - After the system is up, the option allows users to online all the
162 memory of a node as movable memory so that the whole node can be
165 Users who don't use the memory hotplug feature are fine with this
166 option on since they don't specify movable_node boot option or they
167 don't online memory as movable.
169 Say Y here if you want to hotplug a whole node.
170 Say N here if you want kernel to use memory on all nodes evenly.
173 # Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
174 # feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
176 config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
179 # eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
180 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG
181 bool "Allow for memory hot-add"
182 depends on SPARSEMEM || X86_64_ACPI_NUMA
183 depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
184 depends on (IA64 || X86 || PPC_BOOK3S_64 || SUPERH || S390)
186 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
188 depends on SPARSEMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
190 config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
191 bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
192 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
193 select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
194 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
198 # If we have space for more page flags then we can enable additional
199 # optimizations and functionality.
201 # Regular Sparsemem takes page flag bits for the sectionid if it does not
202 # use a virtual memmap. Disable extended page flags for 32 bit platforms
203 # that require the use of a sectionid in the page flags.
205 config PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED
207 depends on 64BIT || SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP || !SPARSEMEM
209 # Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
210 # page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
211 # space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
212 # Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
213 # ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
214 # PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
215 # DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
217 config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
219 default "999999" if ARM && !CPU_CACHE_VIPT
220 default "999999" if PARISC && !PA20
223 config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
227 # support for memory balloon compaction
228 config BALLOON_COMPACTION
229 bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
231 depends on COMPACTION && VIRTIO_BALLOON
233 Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
234 significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
235 used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
236 with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
237 by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
238 pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
239 scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
242 # support for memory compaction
244 bool "Allow for memory compaction"
249 Allows the compaction of memory for the allocation of huge pages.
252 # support for page migration
255 bool "Page migration"
257 depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
259 Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
260 while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
261 two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
262 to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
263 pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
264 allocation instead of reclaiming.
266 config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
269 config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
270 def_bool 64BIT || ARCH_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
274 default "0" if !ZONE_DMA
278 bool "Enable bounce buffers"
280 depends on BLOCK && MMU && (ZONE_DMA || HIGHMEM)
282 Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access
283 the full range of memory available to the CPU. Enabled
284 by default when ZONE_DMA or HIGHMEM is selected, but you
285 may say n to override this.
287 # On the 'tile' arch, USB OHCI needs the bounce pool since tilegx will often
288 # have more than 4GB of memory, but we don't currently use the IOTLB to present
289 # a 32-bit address to OHCI. So we need to use a bounce pool instead.
291 # We also use the bounce pool to provide stable page writes for jbd. jbd
292 # initiates buffer writeback without locking the page or setting PG_writeback,
293 # and fixing that behavior (a second time; jbd2 doesn't have this problem) is
294 # a major rework effort. Instead, use the bounce buffer to snapshot pages
295 # (until jbd goes away). The only jbd user is ext3.
296 config NEED_BOUNCE_POOL
298 default y if (TILE && USB_OHCI_HCD) || (BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY && JBD)
309 An architecture should select this if it implements the
310 deprecated interface virt_to_bus(). All new architectures
311 should probably not select this.
318 bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
321 Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
322 of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
323 mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
324 the many instances by a single page with that content, so
325 saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
326 Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
327 See Documentation/vm/ksm.txt for more information: KSM is inactive
328 until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
329 root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
331 config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
332 int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
336 This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
337 from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
338 can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
340 For most ia64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
341 a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
342 On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
343 Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
344 this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
345 protection by setting the value to 0.
347 This value can be changed after boot using the
348 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
350 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
353 config MEMORY_FAILURE
355 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
356 bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
357 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
359 Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
360 with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
361 even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
362 special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
364 config HWPOISON_INJECT
365 tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
366 depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
367 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
369 config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
370 int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
374 The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
375 of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
376 allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
377 more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
378 the excess and return it to the allocator.
380 If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
381 system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
382 if there are a lot of transient processes.
384 If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
385 long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
387 Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
388 (/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
389 excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
390 no trimming is to occur.
392 This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
393 of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
395 See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information.
397 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
398 bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
399 depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && !PREEMPT_RT_FULL
402 Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
403 huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
404 This feature can improve computing performance to certain
405 applications by speeding up page faults during memory
406 allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
407 up the pagetable walking.
409 If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
412 prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
413 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
414 default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
416 Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
418 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
421 Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
422 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
423 benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
425 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
428 Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
429 performance improvement benefit to the applications using
430 madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
431 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
435 config CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH
436 bool "Cross Memory Support"
440 Enabling this option adds the system calls process_vm_readv and
441 process_vm_writev which allow a process with the correct privileges
442 to directly read from or write to to another process's address space.
443 See the man page for more details.
446 # UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
448 config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
454 bool "Enable cleancache driver to cache clean pages if tmem is present"
457 Cleancache can be thought of as a page-granularity victim cache
458 for clean pages that the kernel's pageframe replacement algorithm
459 (PFRA) would like to keep around, but can't since there isn't enough
460 memory. So when the PFRA "evicts" a page, it first attempts to use
461 cleancache code to put the data contained in that page into
462 "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
463 addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
464 time-varying size. And when a cleancache-enabled
465 filesystem wishes to access a page in a file on disk, it first
466 checks cleancache to see if it already contains it; if it does,
467 the page is copied into the kernel and a disk access is avoided.
468 When a transcendent memory driver is available (such as zcache or
469 Xen transcendent memory), a significant I/O reduction
470 may be achieved. When none is available, all cleancache calls
471 are reduced to a single pointer-compare-against-NULL resulting
472 in a negligible performance hit.
474 If unsure, say Y to enable cleancache
477 bool "Enable frontswap to cache swap pages if tmem is present"
481 Frontswap is so named because it can be thought of as the opposite
482 of a "backing" store for a swap device. The data is stored into
483 "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
484 addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
485 time-varying size. When space in transcendent memory is available,
486 a significant swap I/O reduction may be achieved. When none is
487 available, all frontswap calls are reduced to a single pointer-
488 compare-against-NULL resulting in a negligible performance hit
489 and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
491 If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
494 bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
495 depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK && MMU
497 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
499 This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
500 subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
501 CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
502 be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
503 pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
504 allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
509 bool "CMA debug messages (DEVELOPMENT)"
510 depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && CMA
512 Turns on debug messages in CMA. This produces KERN_DEBUG
513 messages for every CMA call as well as various messages while
514 processing calls such as dma_alloc_from_contiguous().
515 This option does not affect warning and error messages.
521 A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
522 It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical
523 page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and
524 deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher
525 density approach when reclaim will be used.
528 bool "Compressed cache for swap pages (EXPERIMENTAL)"
529 depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO=y
534 A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
535 pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
536 compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
537 This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
538 in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster that swap device
539 reads, can also improve workload performance.
541 This is marked experimental because it is a new feature (as of
542 v3.11) that interacts heavily with memory reclaim. While these
543 interactions don't cause any known issues on simple memory setups,
544 they have not be fully explored on the large set of potential
545 configurations and workloads that exist.
547 config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
548 bool "Track memory changes"
549 depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
550 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
552 This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
553 soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
554 into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
555 it can be cleared by hands.
557 See Documentation/vm/soft-dirty.txt for more details.
560 bool "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
564 zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
565 compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses virtual memory mapping
566 in order to reduce fragmentation. However, this results in a
567 non-standard allocator interface where a handle, not a pointer, is
568 returned by an alloc(). This handle must be mapped in order to
569 access the allocated space.
571 config PGTABLE_MAPPING
572 bool "Use page table mapping to access object in zsmalloc"
575 By default, zsmalloc uses a copy-based object mapping method to
576 access allocations that span two pages. However, if a particular
577 architecture (ex, ARM) performs VM mapping faster than copying,
578 then you should select this. This causes zsmalloc to use page table
579 mapping rather than copying for object mapping.
581 You can check speed with zsmalloc benchmark:
582 https://github.com/spartacus06/zsmapbench
584 config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
585 int "Maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
589 depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
591 This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
592 user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
593 and metag arch). The stack will be located at the highest memory
594 address minus the given value, unless the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is
595 changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
597 A sane initial value is 80 MB.