2 * linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
4 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
7 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
8 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
12 #include <linux/linkage.h>
13 #include <linux/threads.h>
14 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <asm/segment.h>
16 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
19 #include <asm/cache.h>
20 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
21 #include <asm/percpu.h>
24 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
25 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
26 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
27 #define GET_CR2_INTO(reg) GET_CR2_INTO_RAX ; movq %rax, reg
29 #define GET_CR2_INTO(reg) movq %cr2, reg
30 #define INTERRUPT_RETURN iretq
33 /* we are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE
34 * because we need identity-mapped pages.
38 #define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1))
40 L4_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)
41 L4_START_KERNEL = pgd_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
42 L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
50 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
51 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table
52 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the
53 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory.
55 * %rsi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
57 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from
58 * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S.
60 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here.
62 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were
63 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page
64 * tables and then reload them.
67 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
71 * Compute the delta between the address I am compiled to run at and the
72 * address I am actually running at.
74 leaq _text(%rip), %rbp
75 subq $_text - __START_KERNEL_map, %rbp
77 /* Is the address not 2M aligned? */
78 testl $~PMD_PAGE_MASK, %ebp
82 * Is the address too large?
84 leaq _text(%rip), %rax
85 shrq $MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS, %rax
89 * Fixup the physical addresses in the page table
91 addq %rbp, early_level4_pgt + (L4_START_KERNEL*8)(%rip)
93 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (510*8)(%rip)
94 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (511*8)(%rip)
96 addq %rbp, level2_fixmap_pgt + (506*8)(%rip)
99 * Set up the identity mapping for the switchover. These
100 * entries should *NOT* have the global bit set! This also
101 * creates a bunch of nonsense entries but that is fine --
102 * it avoids problems around wraparound.
104 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi
105 leaq early_level4_pgt(%rip), %rbx
108 shrq $PGDIR_SHIFT, %rax
110 leaq (4096 + _KERNPG_TABLE)(%rbx), %rdx
111 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx,%rax,8)
112 movq %rdx, 8(%rbx,%rax,8)
116 shrq $PUD_SHIFT, %rax
117 andl $(PTRS_PER_PUD-1), %eax
118 movq %rdx, 4096(%rbx,%rax,8)
120 andl $(PTRS_PER_PUD-1), %eax
121 movq %rdx, 4096(%rbx,%rax,8)
125 shrq $PMD_SHIFT, %rdi
126 addq $(__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC & ~_PAGE_GLOBAL), %rax
127 leaq (_end - 1)(%rip), %rcx
128 shrq $PMD_SHIFT, %rcx
133 andq $(PTRS_PER_PMD - 1), %rdi
134 movq %rax, (%rbx,%rdi,8)
141 * Fixup the kernel text+data virtual addresses. Note that
142 * we might write invalid pmds, when the kernel is relocated
143 * cleanup_highmap() fixes this up along with the mappings
146 leaq level2_kernel_pgt(%rip), %rdi
148 /* See if it is a valid page table entry */
152 /* Go to the next page */
157 /* Fixup phys_base */
158 addq %rbp, phys_base(%rip)
160 movq $(early_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
162 ENTRY(secondary_startup_64)
164 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
165 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table.
167 * %rsi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
169 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses)
170 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses).
172 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need
173 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table
174 * after the boot processor executes this code.
177 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
180 movq $(init_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
183 /* Enable PAE mode and PGE */
184 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_PGE), %ecx
187 /* Setup early boot stage 4 level pagetables. */
188 addq phys_base(%rip), %rax
191 /* Ensure I am executing from virtual addresses */
196 /* Check if nx is implemented */
197 movl $0x80000001, %eax
201 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
204 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */
205 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */
208 btsq $_PAGE_BIT_NX,early_pmd_flags(%rip)
209 1: wrmsr /* Make changes effective */
212 #define CR0_STATE (X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_ET | \
213 X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_WP | X86_CR0_AM | \
215 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax
216 /* Make changes effective */
219 /* Setup a boot time stack */
220 movq stack_start(%rip), %rsp
222 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
227 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
228 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
229 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
230 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
232 lgdt early_gdt_descr(%rip)
234 /* set up data segments */
241 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway
242 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution
250 * The base of %gs always points to the bottom of the irqstack
251 * union. If the stack protector canary is enabled, it is
252 * located at %gs:40. Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses
253 * init data section till per cpu areas are set up.
255 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
256 movl initial_gs(%rip),%eax
257 movl initial_gs+4(%rip),%edx
260 /* rsi is pointer to real mode structure with interesting info.
264 /* Finally jump to run C code and to be on real kernel address
265 * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump
266 * to the full 64bit address, this is only possible as indirect
267 * jump. In addition we need to ensure %cs is set so we make this
270 * Note: do not change to far jump indirect with 64bit offset.
272 * AMD does not support far jump indirect with 64bit offset.
273 * AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, Volume 3: states only
274 * JMP FAR mem16:16 FF /5 Far jump indirect,
275 * with the target specified by a far pointer in memory.
276 * JMP FAR mem16:32 FF /5 Far jump indirect,
277 * with the target specified by a far pointer in memory.
279 * Intel64 does support 64bit offset.
280 * Software Developer Manual Vol 2: states:
281 * FF /5 JMP m16:16 Jump far, absolute indirect,
282 * address given in m16:16
283 * FF /5 JMP m16:32 Jump far, absolute indirect,
284 * address given in m16:32.
285 * REX.W + FF /5 JMP m16:64 Jump far, absolute indirect,
286 * address given in m16:64.
288 movq initial_code(%rip),%rax
289 pushq $0 # fake return address to stop unwinder
290 pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs
291 pushq %rax # target address in negative space
294 #include "verify_cpu.S"
296 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
298 * Boot CPU0 entry point. It's called from play_dead(). Everything has been set
299 * up already except stack. We just set up stack here. Then call
303 movq stack_start(%rip),%rsp
304 movq initial_code(%rip),%rax
305 pushq $0 # fake return address to stop unwinder
306 pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs
307 pushq %rax # target address in negative space
312 /* SMP bootup changes these two */
316 .quad x86_64_start_kernel
318 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_union)
321 .quad init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE-8
329 ENTRY(early_idt_handler_array)
333 # 80(%rsp) error code
335 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
336 .ifeq (EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1
337 pushq $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
339 pushq $i # 72(%rsp) Vector number
340 jmp early_idt_handler_common
342 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
344 ENDPROC(early_idt_handler_array)
346 early_idt_handler_common:
348 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
353 cmpl $2,(%rsp) # X86_TRAP_NMI
354 je .Lis_nmi # Ignore NMI
356 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
358 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
360 pushq %rax # 64(%rsp)
361 pushq %rcx # 56(%rsp)
362 pushq %rdx # 48(%rsp)
363 pushq %rsi # 40(%rsp)
364 pushq %rdi # 32(%rsp)
370 cmpl $__KERNEL_CS,96(%rsp)
373 cmpl $14,72(%rsp) # Page fault?
375 GET_CR2_INTO(%rdi) # can clobber any volatile register if pv
376 call early_make_pgtable
381 leaq 88(%rsp),%rdi # Pointer to %rip
382 call early_fixup_exception
384 jnz 20f # Found an exception entry
387 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
388 GET_CR2_INTO(%r9) # can clobber any volatile register if pv
389 movl 80(%rsp),%r8d # error code
390 movl 72(%rsp),%esi # vector number
391 movl 96(%rsp),%edx # %cs
392 movq 88(%rsp),%rcx # %rip
394 leaq early_idt_msg(%rip),%rdi
396 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
399 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
400 leaq early_idt_ripmsg(%rip),%rdi
401 movq 40(%rsp),%rsi # %rip again
404 #endif /* EARLY_PRINTK */
408 20: # Exception table entry found or page table generated
418 decl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
420 addq $16,%rsp # drop vector number and error code
422 ENDPROC(early_idt_handler_common)
427 early_recursion_flag:
430 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
432 .asciz "PANIC: early exception %02lx rip %lx:%lx error %lx cr2 %lx\n"
435 #endif /* CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK */
437 #define NEXT_PAGE(name) \
441 /* Automate the creation of 1 to 1 mapping pmd entries */
442 #define PMDS(START, PERM, COUNT) \
445 .quad (START) + (i << PMD_SHIFT) + (PERM) ; \
450 NEXT_PAGE(early_level4_pgt)
452 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
454 NEXT_PAGE(early_dynamic_pgts)
455 .fill 512*EARLY_DYNAMIC_PAGE_TABLES,8,0
460 NEXT_PAGE(init_level4_pgt)
463 NEXT_PAGE(init_level4_pgt)
464 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
465 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0
466 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
467 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0
468 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
469 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
471 NEXT_PAGE(level3_ident_pgt)
472 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
474 NEXT_PAGE(level2_ident_pgt)
475 /* Since I easily can, map the first 1G.
476 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages.
478 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD)
481 NEXT_PAGE(level3_kernel_pgt)
482 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0
483 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
484 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE
485 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
487 NEXT_PAGE(level2_kernel_pgt)
489 * 512 MB kernel mapping. We spend a full page on this pagetable
492 * The kernel code+data+bss must not be bigger than that.
494 * (NOTE: at +512MB starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.
495 * If you want to increase this then increase MODULES_VADDR
498 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC,
499 KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE)
501 NEXT_PAGE(level2_fixmap_pgt)
503 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE
504 /* 8MB reserved for vsyscalls + a 2MB hole = 4 + 1 entries */
507 NEXT_PAGE(level1_fixmap_pgt)
514 .globl early_gdt_descr
516 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
517 early_gdt_descr_base:
518 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(gdt_page)
521 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */
522 .quad 0x0000000000000000
524 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
527 NEXT_PAGE(empty_zero_page)