1 Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
2 ===========================================
4 See also drivers/md/faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
7 Available fault injection capabilities
8 --------------------------------------
12 injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
16 injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
20 injects futex deadlock and uaddr fault errors.
24 injects disk IO errors on devices permitted by setting
25 /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
26 /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (generic_make_request())
30 injects MMC data errors on devices permitted by setting
31 debugfs entries under /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/fail_mmc_request
33 Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
34 -----------------------------------------------
38 fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
39 configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
41 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
43 likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
46 Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
47 for some testcases. Consider setting probability=100 and configure
48 /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
50 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
52 specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
53 should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
55 Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
56 probably want to set probability=100.
58 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
60 specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
61 A value of -1 means "no limit".
63 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
65 specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
66 on each call to should_fail(,size). Failure injection is
67 suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
69 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
72 specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
73 injected. '0' means no messages; '1' will print only a single
74 log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
75 to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
77 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
80 A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
81 Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
82 /proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
84 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start:
85 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end:
86 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start:
87 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
89 specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
90 stacktrace walking. Failure is injected only if some caller
91 in the walked stacktrace lies within the required range, and
92 none lies within the rejected range.
93 Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
94 Default rejected range is [0,0).
96 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
98 specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
99 for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
100 [reject-start,reject-end).
102 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
104 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
105 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
106 highmem/user allocations.
108 - /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
109 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
111 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
112 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
113 only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
115 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
117 specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
120 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_futex/ignore-private:
122 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
123 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will disable failure injections
124 when dealing with private (address space) futexes.
128 In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
135 mmc_core.fail_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
137 How to add new fault injection capability
138 -----------------------------------------
140 o #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
142 o define the fault attributes
144 DECLARE_FAULT_INJECTION(name);
146 Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
149 o provide a way to configure fault attributes
153 If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
154 provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it:
156 setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
160 failslab, fail_page_alloc, and fail_make_request use this way.
163 fault_create_debugfs_attr(name, parent, attr);
167 If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
168 single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
169 configure the fault attributes.
171 o add a hook to insert failures
173 Upon should_fail() returning true, client code should inject a failure.
175 should_fail(attr, size);
180 o Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code
185 echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
186 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
187 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
188 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
189 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
190 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
191 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
195 bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail && exec $*"
200 echo "Usage: $0 modulename [ modulename ... ]"
207 faulty_system modprobe $m
210 faulty_system modprobe -r $m
213 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
215 o Inject page allocation failures only for a specific module
219 FAILTYPE=fail_page_alloc
224 echo "Usage: $0 <modulename>"
230 if [ ! -d /sys/module/$module/sections ]
232 echo Module $module is not loaded
236 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
237 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
239 echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
240 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
241 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
242 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
243 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
244 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
245 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
246 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
247 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
249 trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
251 echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"
254 Tool to run command with failslab or fail_page_alloc
255 ----------------------------------------------------
256 In order to make it easier to accomplish the tasks mentioned above, we can use
257 tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh. Please run a command
258 "./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --help" for more information and
259 see the following examples.
263 Run a command "make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests" with injecting slab
266 # ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh \
267 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
269 Same as above except to specify 100 times failures at most instead of one time
272 # ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
273 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
275 Same as above except to inject page allocation failure instead of slab
278 # env FAILCMD_TYPE=fail_page_alloc \
279 ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
280 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests