3 Submitting Drivers For The Linux Kernel
4 =======================================
6 This document is intended to explain how to submit device drivers to the
7 various kernel trees. Note that if you are interested in video card drivers
8 you should probably talk to XFree86 (http://www.xfree86.org/) and/or X.Org
9 (http://x.org/) instead.
13 This document is old and has seen little maintenance in recent years; it
14 should probably be updated or, perhaps better, just deleted. Most of
15 what is here can be found in the other development documents anyway.
17 Oh, and we don't really recommend submitting changes to XFree86 :)
19 Also read the :ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>`
23 Allocating Device Numbers
24 -------------------------
26 Major and minor numbers for block and character devices are allocated
27 by the Linux assigned name and number authority (currently this is
28 Torben Mathiasen). The site is http://www.lanana.org/. This
29 also deals with allocating numbers for devices that are not going to
30 be submitted to the mainstream kernel.
31 See :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst <admin_devices>`
32 for more information on this.
34 If you don't use assigned numbers then when your device is submitted it will
35 be given an assigned number even if that is different from values you may
36 have shipped to customers before.
38 Who To Submit Drivers To
39 ------------------------
42 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
45 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
48 If the code area has a general maintainer then please submit it to
49 the maintainer listed in MAINTAINERS in the kernel file. If the
50 maintainer does not respond or you cannot find the appropriate
51 maintainer then please contact Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>.
54 The same rules apply as 2.4 except that you should follow linux-kernel
55 to track changes in API's. The final contact point for Linux 2.6+
56 submissions is Andrew Morton.
58 What Criteria Determine Acceptance
59 ----------------------------------
62 The code must be released to us under the
63 GNU General Public License. We don't insist on any kind
64 of exclusive GPL licensing, and if you wish the driver
65 to be useful to other communities such as BSD you may well
66 wish to release under multiple licenses.
67 See accepted licenses at include/linux/module.h
70 The copyright owner must agree to use of GPL.
71 It's best if the submitter and copyright owner
72 are the same person/entity. If not, the name of
73 the person/entity authorizing use of GPL should be
74 listed in case it's necessary to verify the will of
78 If your driver uses existing interfaces and behaves like
79 other drivers in the same class it will be much more likely
80 to be accepted than if it invents gratuitous new ones.
81 If you need to implement a common API over Linux and NT
82 drivers do it in userspace.
85 Please use the Linux style of code formatting as documented
86 in :ref:`Documentation/process/coding-style.rst <codingStyle>`.
87 If you have sections of code
88 that need to be in other formats, for example because they
89 are shared with a windows driver kit and you want to
90 maintain them just once separate them out nicely and note
94 Pointers are not always 32bits, not all computers are little
95 endian, people do not all have floating point and you
96 shouldn't use inline x86 assembler in your driver without
97 careful thought. Pure x86 drivers generally are not popular.
98 If you only have x86 hardware it is hard to test portability
99 but it is easy to make sure the code can easily be made
103 It helps if anyone can see how to fix the driver. It helps
104 you because you get patches not bug reports. If you submit a
105 driver that intentionally obfuscates how the hardware works
106 it will go in the bitbucket.
109 Since Linux is used on many portable and desktop systems, your
110 driver is likely to be used on such a system and therefore it
111 should support basic power management by implementing, if
112 necessary, the .suspend and .resume methods used during the
113 system-wide suspend and resume transitions. You should verify
114 that your driver correctly handles the suspend and resume, but
115 if you are unable to ensure that, please at least define the
116 .suspend method returning the -ENOSYS ("Function not
117 implemented") error. You should also try to make sure that your
118 driver uses as little power as possible when it's not doing
119 anything. For the driver testing instructions see
120 Documentation/power/drivers-testing.rst and for a relatively
121 complete overview of the power management issues related to
122 drivers see :ref:`Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst <driverapi_pm_devices>`.
125 In general if there is active maintenance of a driver by
126 the author then patches will be redirected to them unless
127 they are totally obvious and without need of checking.
128 If you want to be the contact and update point for the
129 driver it is a good idea to state this in the comments,
130 and include an entry in MAINTAINERS for your driver.
132 What Criteria Do Not Determine Acceptance
133 -----------------------------------------
136 Being the hardware vendor and maintaining the driver is
137 often a good thing. If there is a stable working driver from
138 other people already in the tree don't expect 'we are the
139 vendor' to get your driver chosen. Ideally work with the
140 existing driver author to build a single perfect driver.
143 It doesn't matter if a large Linux company wrote the driver,
144 or you did. Nobody has any special access to the kernel
145 tree. Anyone who tells you otherwise isn't telling the
152 Linux kernel master tree:
153 ftp.\ *country_code*\ .kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/...
155 where *country_code* == your country code, such as
156 **us**, **uk**, **fr**, etc.
158 http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
160 Linux kernel mailing list:
161 linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
162 [mail majordomo@vger.kernel.org to subscribe]
164 Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition (covers 2.6.10):
165 http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ (free version)
168 Weekly summary of kernel development activity - http://lwn.net/
172 http://lwn.net/Articles/2.6-kernel-api/
174 Porting drivers from prior kernels to 2.6:
176 http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
179 Documentation and assistance for new kernel programmers
181 http://kernelnewbies.org/
184 http://www.linux-usb.org/
186 How to NOT write kernel driver by Arjan van de Ven:
187 http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf
190 http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors
192 GIT, Fast Version Control System: