1 Philips webcams (pwc driver)
2 ============================
4 This file contains some additional information for the Philips and OEM webcams.
5 E-mail: webcam@smcc.demon.nl Last updated: 2004-01-19
6 Site: http://www.smcc.demon.nl/webcam/
8 As of this moment, the following cameras are supported:
20 * Creative Labs Webcam 5
21 * Creative Labs Webcam Pro Ex
22 * Logitech QuickCam 3000 Pro
23 * Logitech QuickCam 4000 Pro
24 * Logitech QuickCam Notebook Pro
25 * Logitech QuickCam Zoom
26 * Logitech QuickCam Orbit
27 * Logitech QuickCam Sphere
35 The main webpage for the Philips driver is at the address above. It contains
36 a lot of extra information, a FAQ, and the binary plugin 'PWCX'. This plugin
37 contains decompression routines that allow you to use higher image sizes and
38 framerates; in addition the webcam uses less bandwidth on the USB bus (handy
39 if you want to run more than 1 camera simultaneously). These routines fall
40 under a NDA, and may therefore not be distributed as source; however, its use
41 is completely optional.
43 You can build this code either into your kernel, or as a module. I recommend
44 the latter, since it makes troubleshooting a lot easier. The built-in
45 microphone is supported through the USB Audio class.
47 When you load the module you can set some default settings for the
48 camera; some programs depend on a particular image-size or -format and
49 don't know how to set it properly in the driver. The options are:
52 Can be one of 'sqcif', 'qsif', 'qcif', 'sif', 'cif' or
53 'vga', for an image size of resp. 128x96, 160x120, 176x144,
54 320x240, 352x288 and 640x480 (of course, only for those cameras that
55 support these resolutions).
58 Specifies the desired framerate. Is an integer in the range of 4-30.
61 This parameter specifies the number of internal buffers to use for storing
62 frames from the cam. This will help if the process that reads images from
63 the cam is a bit slow or momentarily busy. However, on slow machines it
64 only introduces lag, so choose carefully. The default is 3, which is
65 reasonable. You can set it between 2 and 5.
68 This is an integer between 1 and 10. It will tell the module the number of
69 buffers to reserve for mmap(), VIDIOCCGMBUF, VIDIOCMCAPTURE and friends.
70 The default is 2, which is adequate for most applications (double
73 Should you experience a lot of 'Dumping frame...' messages during
74 grabbing with a tool that uses mmap(), you might want to increase if.
75 However, it doesn't really buffer images, it just gives you a bit more
76 slack when your program is behind. But you need a multi-threaded or
77 forked program to really take advantage of these buffers.
79 The absolute maximum is 10, but don't set it too high! Every buffer takes
80 up 460 KB of RAM, so unless you have a lot of memory setting this to
81 something more than 4 is an absolute waste. This memory is only
82 allocated during open(), so nothing is wasted when the camera is not in
86 When power_save is enabled (set to 1), the module will try to shut down
87 the cam on close() and re-activate on open(). This will save power and
88 turn off the LED. Not all cameras support this though (the 645 and 646
89 don't have power saving at all), and some models don't work either (they
90 will shut down, but never wake up). Consider this experimental. By
91 default this option is disabled.
93 compression (only useful with the plugin)
94 With this option you can control the compression factor that the camera
95 uses to squeeze the image through the USB bus. You can set the
96 parameter between 0 and 3::
98 0 = prefer uncompressed images; if the requested mode is not available
99 in an uncompressed format, the driver will silently switch to low
102 2 = medium compression.
103 3 = high compression.
105 High compression takes less bandwidth of course, but it could also
106 introduce some unwanted artefacts. The default is 2, medium compression.
107 See the FAQ on the website for an overview of which modes require
110 The compression parameter does not apply to the 645 and 646 cameras
111 and OEM models derived from those (only a few). Most cams honour this
115 This settings takes 2 integers, that define the on/off time for the LED
116 (in milliseconds). One of the interesting things that you can do with
117 this is let the LED blink while the camera is in use. This::
121 will blink the LED once every second. But with::
125 the LED never goes on, making it suitable for silent surveillance.
127 By default the camera's LED is on solid while in use, and turned off
128 when the camera is not used anymore.
130 This parameter works only with the ToUCam range of cameras (720, 730, 740,
131 750) and OEMs. For other cameras this command is silently ignored, and
132 the LED cannot be controlled.
134 Finally: this parameters does not take effect UNTIL the first time you
135 open the camera device. Until then, the LED remains on.
138 A long standing problem with USB devices is their dynamic nature: you
139 never know what device a camera gets assigned; it depends on module load
140 order, the hub configuration, the order in which devices are plugged in,
141 and the phase of the moon (i.e. it can be random). With this option you
142 can give the driver a hint as to what video device node (/dev/videoX) it
143 should use with a specific camera. This is also handy if you have two
144 cameras of the same model.
146 A camera is specified by its type (the number from the camera model,
147 like PCA645, PCVC750VC, etc) and optionally the serial number (visible
148 in /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices). A hint consists of a string with the
151 [type[.serialnumber]:]node
153 The square brackets mean that both the type and the serialnumber are
154 optional, but a serialnumber cannot be specified without a type (which
155 would be rather pointless). The serialnumber is separated from the type
156 by a '.'; the node number by a ':'.
158 This somewhat cryptic syntax is best explained by a few examples::
160 dev_hint=3,5 The first detected cam gets assigned
161 /dev/video3, the second /dev/video5. Any
162 other cameras will get the first free
163 available slot (see below).
165 dev_hint=645:1,680:2 The PCA645 camera will get /dev/video1,
166 and a PCVC680 /dev/video2.
168 dev_hint=645.0123:3,645.4567:0 The PCA645 camera with serialnumber
169 0123 goes to /dev/video3, the same
170 camera model with the 4567 serial
173 dev_hint=750:1,4,5,6 The PCVC750 camera will get /dev/video1, the
174 next 3 Philips cams will use /dev/video4
177 Some points worth knowing:
179 - Serialnumbers are case sensitive and must be written full, including
180 leading zeroes (it's treated as a string).
181 - If a device node is already occupied, registration will fail and
182 the webcam is not available.
183 - You can have up to 64 video devices; be sure to make enough device
184 nodes in /dev if you want to spread the numbers.
185 After /dev/video9 comes /dev/video10 (not /dev/videoA).
186 - If a camera does not match any dev_hint, it will simply get assigned
187 the first available device node, just as it used to be.
190 In order to better detect problems, it is now possible to turn on a
191 'trace' of some of the calls the module makes; it logs all items in your
192 kernel log at debug level.
194 The trace variable is a bitmask; each bit represents a certain feature.
195 If you want to trace something, look up the bit value(s) in the table
196 below, add the values together and supply that to the trace variable.
198 ====== ======= ================================================ =======
199 Value Value Description Default
201 ====== ======= ================================================ =======
202 1 0x1 Module initialization; this will log messages On
203 while loading and unloading the module
205 2 0x2 probe() and disconnect() traces On
207 4 0x4 Trace open() and close() calls Off
209 8 0x8 read(), mmap() and associated ioctl() calls Off
211 16 0x10 Memory allocation of buffers, etc. Off
213 32 0x20 Showing underflow, overflow and Dumping frame On
216 64 0x40 Show viewport and image sizes Off
218 128 0x80 PWCX debugging Off
219 ====== ======= ================================================ =======
221 For example, to trace the open() & read() functions, sum 8 + 4 = 12,
222 so you would supply trace=12 during insmod or modprobe. If
223 you want to turn the initialization and probing tracing off, set trace=0.
224 The default value for trace is 35 (0x23).
230 # modprobe pwc size=cif fps=15 power_save=1
232 The fbufs, mbufs and trace parameters are global and apply to all connected
233 cameras. Each camera has its own set of buffers.
235 size and fps only specify defaults when you open() the device; this is to
236 accommodate some tools that don't set the size. You can change these
237 settings after open() with the Video4Linux ioctl() calls. The default of
238 defaults is QCIF size at 10 fps.
240 The compression parameter is semiglobal; it sets the initial compression
241 preference for all camera's, but this parameter can be set per camera with
242 the VIDIOCPWCSCQUAL ioctl() call.
244 All parameters are optional.