1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
3 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S
5 * Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
6 * Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited
9 * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs
11 #include <linux/linkage.h>
12 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <asm/assembler.h>
16 #include <asm/domain.h>
17 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
18 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
19 #include <asm/memory.h>
20 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
21 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
23 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)
24 #include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE
28 * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.
29 * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. Therefore, we must
30 * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_VADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect
31 * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably
32 * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_VADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000.
34 #define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET)
35 #if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000
36 #error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000
39 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
40 /* LPAE requires an additional page for the PGD */
41 #define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x5000
44 #define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x4000
49 .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - PG_DIR_SIZE
51 .macro pgtbl, rd, phys
52 add \rd, \phys, #TEXT_OFFSET
53 sub \rd, \rd, #PG_DIR_SIZE
57 * Kernel startup entry point.
58 * ---------------------------
60 * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
61 * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
62 * r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags or dtb pointer.
64 * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at
65 * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000).
67 * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine
70 * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific
71 * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified
72 * circumstances, zImage) is for.
78 ARM_BE8(setend be ) @ ensure we are in BE8 mode
80 THUMB( badr r9, 1f ) @ Kernel is always entered in ARM.
81 THUMB( bx r9 ) @ If this is a Thumb-2 kernel,
82 THUMB( .thumb ) @ switch to Thumb now.
85 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT
88 @ ensure svc mode and all interrupts masked
89 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
91 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
92 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
93 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
94 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
95 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
97 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
98 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c1, 4 @ read ID_MMFR0
99 and r3, r3, #0xf @ extract VMSA support
100 cmp r3, #5 @ long-descriptor translation table format?
101 THUMB( it lo ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
102 blo __error_lpae @ only classic page table format
105 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
108 sub r4, r3, r4 @ (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET)
109 add r8, r8, r4 @ PHYS_OFFSET
111 ldr r8, =PLAT_PHYS_OFFSET @ always constant in this case
115 * r1 = machine no, r2 = atags or dtb,
116 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
119 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP
122 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
125 bl __create_page_tables
128 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
129 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
130 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_processor_type
133 * The processor init function will be called with:
135 * r2 - boot data (atags/dt) pointer
136 * r4 - translation table base (low word)
137 * r5 - translation table base (high word, if LPAE)
138 * r8 - translation table base 1 (pfn if LPAE)
140 * r13 - virtual address for __enable_mmu -> __turn_mmu_on
142 * On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be turned on,
143 * r0 will hold the CPU control register value, r1, r2, r4, and
144 * r9 will be preserved. r5 will also be preserved if LPAE.
146 ldr r13, =__mmap_switched @ address to jump to after
147 @ mmu has been enabled
148 badr lr, 1f @ return (PIC) address
149 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
150 mov r5, #0 @ high TTBR0
151 mov r8, r4, lsr #12 @ TTBR1 is swapper_pg_dir pfn
153 mov r8, r4 @ set TTBR1 to swapper_pg_dir
155 ldr r12, [r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC]
161 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
167 * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest
168 * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which
169 * generally means mapping in the kernel code.
171 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
174 * r0, r3, r5-r7 corrupted
175 * r4 = physical page table address
177 __create_page_tables:
178 pgtbl r4, r8 @ page table address
181 * Clear the swapper page table
185 add r6, r0, #PG_DIR_SIZE
193 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
195 * Build the PGD table (first level) to point to the PMD table. A PGD
196 * entry is 64-bit wide.
199 add r3, r4, #0x1000 @ first PMD table address
200 orr r3, r3, #3 @ PGD block type
201 mov r6, #4 @ PTRS_PER_PGD
202 mov r7, #1 << (55 - 32) @ L_PGD_SWAPPER
204 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
205 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits
206 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits
208 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits
209 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits
211 add r3, r3, #0x1000 @ next PMD table
215 add r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PMD tables
216 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
217 add r4, r4, #4 @ we only write the bottom word
221 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MM_MMUFLAGS] @ mm_mmuflags
224 * Create identity mapping to cater for __enable_mmu.
225 * This identity mapping will be removed by paging_init().
227 adr r0, __turn_mmu_on_loc
228 ldmia r0, {r3, r5, r6}
229 sub r0, r0, r3 @ virt->phys offset
230 add r5, r5, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on
231 add r6, r6, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on_end
232 mov r5, r5, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
233 mov r6, r6, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
235 1: orr r3, r7, r5, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT @ flags + kernel base
236 str r3, [r4, r5, lsl #PMD_ORDER] @ identity mapping
238 addlo r5, r5, #1 @ next section
242 * Map our RAM from the start to the end of the kernel .bss section.
244 add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
247 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
248 1: str r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER
249 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
253 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
255 * Map the kernel image separately as it is not located in RAM.
257 #define XIP_START XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR)
259 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
260 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
261 add r0, r4, #(XIP_START & 0xff000000) >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
262 str r3, [r0, #((XIP_START & 0x00f00000) >> SECTION_SHIFT) << PMD_ORDER]!
263 ldr r6, =(_edata_loc - 1)
264 add r0, r0, #1 << PMD_ORDER
265 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
267 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
268 strls r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER
273 * Then map boot params address in r2 if specified.
274 * We map 2 sections in case the ATAGs/DTB crosses a section boundary.
276 mov r0, r2, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
277 movs r0, r0, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
279 addne r3, r3, #PAGE_OFFSET
280 addne r3, r4, r3, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
282 strne r6, [r3], #1 << PMD_ORDER
283 addne r6, r6, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT
286 #if defined(CONFIG_ARM_LPAE) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8)
287 sub r4, r4, #4 @ Fixup page table pointer
288 @ for 64-bit descriptors
291 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
292 #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)
294 * Map in IO space for serial debugging.
295 * This allows debug messages to be output
296 * via a serial console before paging_init.
300 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
301 mov r3, r3, lsl #PMD_ORDER
304 mov r3, r7, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT
305 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
306 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT
307 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
308 mov r7, #1 << (54 - 32) @ XN
309 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
317 orr r3, r3, #PMD_SECT_XN
321 #else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC || CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING */
322 /* we don't need any serial debugging mappings */
323 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
326 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS)
328 * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map
329 * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages
331 add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
332 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000
335 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
337 * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE
338 * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is
339 * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures.
341 add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
342 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000
344 add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER)
348 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
349 sub r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PGD table
352 ENDPROC(__create_page_tables)
358 .long __turn_mmu_on_end
360 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
363 ENTRY(secondary_startup_arm)
364 THUMB( badr r9, 1f ) @ Kernel is entered in ARM.
365 THUMB( bx r9 ) @ If this is a Thumb-2 kernel,
366 THUMB( .thumb ) @ switch to Thumb now.
368 ENTRY(secondary_startup)
370 * Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
372 * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup
373 * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type
374 * as it has already been validated by the primary processor.
377 ARM_BE8(setend be) @ ensure we are in BE8 mode
379 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT
380 bl __hyp_stub_install_secondary
382 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
384 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
385 bl __lookup_processor_type
386 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor?
387 moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p'
388 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
392 * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up.
394 adr r4, __secondary_data
395 ldmia r4, {r5, r7, r12} @ address to jump to after
396 sub lr, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled
398 ldrd r4, r5, [r3, #0] @ get secondary_data.pgdir
399 ARM_BE8(eor r4, r4, r5) @ Swap r5 and r4 in BE:
400 ARM_BE8(eor r5, r4, r5) @ it can be done in 3 steps
401 ARM_BE8(eor r4, r4, r5) @ without using a temp reg.
402 ldr r8, [r3, #8] @ get secondary_data.swapper_pg_dir
403 badr lr, __enable_mmu @ return address
404 mov r13, r12 @ __secondary_switched address
405 ldr r12, [r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC]
406 add r12, r12, r10 @ initialise processor
407 @ (return control reg)
409 ENDPROC(secondary_startup)
410 ENDPROC(secondary_startup_arm)
413 * r6 = &secondary_data
415 ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
416 ldr sp, [r7, #12] @ get secondary_data.stack
418 b secondary_start_kernel
419 ENDPROC(__secondary_switched)
423 .type __secondary_data, %object
427 .long __secondary_switched
428 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
433 * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially
434 * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access
435 * registers. All these registers need to be preserved by the
436 * processor setup function (or set in the case of r0)
438 * r0 = cp#15 control register
440 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer
441 * r4 = TTBR pointer (low word)
442 * r5 = TTBR pointer (high word if LPAE)
444 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
447 #if defined(CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP) && __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 6
452 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE
455 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
458 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE
461 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
462 mcrr p15, 0, r4, r5, c2 @ load TTBR0
465 mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register
466 mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer
469 ENDPROC(__enable_mmu)
472 * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible
473 * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
474 * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel
475 * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list.
477 * r0 = cp#15 control register
479 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer
481 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
483 * other registers depend on the function called upon completion
486 .pushsection .idmap.text, "ax"
490 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg
491 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg
497 ENDPROC(__turn_mmu_on)
501 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP
504 and r3, r9, #0x000f0000 @ architecture version
505 teq r3, #0x000f0000 @ CPU ID supported?
506 bne __fixup_smp_on_up @ no, assume UP
508 bic r3, r9, #0x00ff0000
509 bic r3, r3, #0x0000000f @ mask 0xff00fff0
511 orr r4, r4, #0x0000b000
512 orr r4, r4, #0x00000020 @ val 0x4100b020
513 teq r3, r4 @ ARM 11MPCore?
514 reteq lr @ yes, assume SMP
516 mrc p15, 0, r0, c0, c0, 5 @ read MPIDR
517 and r0, r0, #0xc0000000 @ multiprocessing extensions and
518 teq r0, #0x80000000 @ not part of a uniprocessor system?
519 bne __fixup_smp_on_up @ no, assume UP
521 @ Core indicates it is SMP. Check for Aegis SOC where a single
522 @ Cortex-A9 CPU is present but SMP operations fault.
524 orr r4, r4, #0x0000c000
525 orr r4, r4, #0x00000090
526 teq r3, r4 @ Check for ARM Cortex-A9
527 retne lr @ Not ARM Cortex-A9,
529 @ If a future SoC *does* use 0x0 as the PERIPH_BASE, then the
530 @ below address check will need to be #ifdef'd or equivalent
531 @ for the Aegis platform.
532 mrc p15, 4, r0, c15, c0 @ get SCU base address
533 teq r0, #0x0 @ '0' on actual UP A9 hardware
534 beq __fixup_smp_on_up @ So its an A9 UP
535 ldr r0, [r0, #4] @ read SCU Config
536 ARM_BE8(rev r0, r0) @ byteswap if big endian
537 and r0, r0, #0x3 @ number of CPUs
547 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up
565 __do_fixup_smp_on_up:
569 ARM( str r6, [r0, r3] )
570 THUMB( add r0, r0, r3 )
572 THUMB( mov r6, r6, ror #16 ) @ Convert word order for big-endian.
574 THUMB( strh r6, [r0], #2 ) @ For Thumb-2, store as two halfwords
575 THUMB( mov r6, r6, lsr #16 ) @ to be robust against misaligned r3.
576 THUMB( strh r6, [r0] )
577 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up
578 ENDPROC(__do_fixup_smp_on_up)
581 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, lr}
585 bl __do_fixup_smp_on_up
586 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, pc}
590 #define LOW_OFFSET 0x4
591 #define HIGH_OFFSET 0x0
593 #define LOW_OFFSET 0x0
594 #define HIGH_OFFSET 0x4
597 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
599 /* __fixup_pv_table - patch the stub instructions with the delta between
600 * PHYS_OFFSET and PAGE_OFFSET, which is assumed to be 16MiB aligned and
601 * can be expressed by an immediate shifter operand. The stub instruction
602 * has a form of '(add|sub) rd, rn, #imm'.
609 subs r3, r0, r3 @ PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET
610 add r4, r4, r3 @ adjust table start address
611 add r5, r5, r3 @ adjust table end address
612 add r6, r6, r3 @ adjust __pv_phys_pfn_offset address
613 add r7, r7, r3 @ adjust __pv_offset address
614 mov r0, r8, lsr #PAGE_SHIFT @ convert to PFN
615 str r0, [r6] @ save computed PHYS_OFFSET to __pv_phys_pfn_offset
616 strcc ip, [r7, #HIGH_OFFSET] @ save to __pv_offset high bits
617 mov r6, r3, lsr #24 @ constant for add/sub instructions
618 teq r3, r6, lsl #24 @ must be 16MiB aligned
619 THUMB( it ne @ cross section branch )
621 str r3, [r7, #LOW_OFFSET] @ save to __pv_offset low bits
623 ENDPROC(__fixup_pv_table)
627 .long __pv_table_begin
629 2: .long __pv_phys_pfn_offset
637 ldr r0, [r6, #HIGH_OFFSET] @ pv_offset high word
638 ldr r6, [r6, #LOW_OFFSET] @ pv_offset low word
641 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
642 moveq r0, #0x200000 @ set bit 21, mov to mvn instruction
651 orr r6, r6, r7, lsl #12
656 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
659 orrne ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
660 orreq ip, r0 @ mask in offset bits 7-0
661 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
665 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
667 orr ip, ip, r0, lsr #16
668 ARM_BE8(rev16 ip, ip)
671 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot
675 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
676 moveq r0, #0x00004000 @ set bit 22, mov to mvn instruction
678 moveq r0, #0x400000 @ set bit 22, mov to mvn instruction
682 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8
683 @ in BE8, we load data in BE, but instructions still in LE
684 bic ip, ip, #0xff000000
685 tst ip, #0x000f0000 @ check the rotation field
686 orrne ip, ip, r6, lsl #24 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
687 biceq ip, ip, #0x00004000 @ clear bit 22
688 orreq ip, ip, r0 @ mask in offset bits 7-0
690 bic ip, ip, #0x000000ff
691 tst ip, #0xf00 @ check the rotation field
692 orrne ip, ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24
693 biceq ip, ip, #0x400000 @ clear bit 22
694 orreq ip, ip, r0 @ mask in offset bits 7-0
698 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot
702 ENDPROC(__fixup_a_pv_table)
707 ENTRY(fixup_pv_table)
708 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, lr}
709 mov r3, #0 @ no offset
710 mov r4, r0 @ r0 = table start
711 add r5, r0, r1 @ r1 = table size
712 bl __fixup_a_pv_table
713 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, pc}
714 ENDPROC(fixup_pv_table)
718 .globl __pv_phys_pfn_offset
719 .type __pv_phys_pfn_offset, %object
720 __pv_phys_pfn_offset:
722 .size __pv_phys_pfn_offset, . -__pv_phys_pfn_offset
725 .type __pv_offset, %object
728 .size __pv_offset, . -__pv_offset
731 #include "head-common.S"