1 Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
2 ===========================================
4 See also drivers/md/faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
7 Available fault injection capabilities
8 --------------------------------------
12 injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
16 injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
20 injects futex deadlock and uaddr fault errors.
24 injects disk IO errors on devices permitted by setting
25 /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
26 /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (generic_make_request())
30 injects MMC data errors on devices permitted by setting
31 debugfs entries under /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/fail_mmc_request
33 Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
34 -----------------------------------------------
38 fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
39 configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
41 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
43 likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
46 Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
47 for some testcases. Consider setting probability=100 and configure
48 /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
50 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
52 specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
53 should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
55 Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
56 probably want to set probability=100.
58 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
60 specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
61 A value of -1 means "no limit".
63 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
65 specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
66 on each call to should_fail(,size). Failure injection is
67 suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
69 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
72 specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
73 injected. '0' means no messages; '1' will print only a single
74 log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
75 to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
77 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
80 A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
81 Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
82 /proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
84 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start:
85 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end:
86 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start:
87 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
89 specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
90 stacktrace walking. Failure is injected only if some caller
91 in the walked stacktrace lies within the required range, and
92 none lies within the rejected range.
93 Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
94 Default rejected range is [0,0).
96 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
98 specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
99 for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
100 [reject-start,reject-end).
102 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
104 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
105 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
106 highmem/user allocations.
108 - /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
109 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
111 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
112 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
113 only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
115 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
117 specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
120 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_futex/ignore-private:
122 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
123 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will disable failure injections
124 when dealing with private (address space) futexes.
128 In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
135 mmc_core.fail_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
139 - /proc/<pid>/fail-nth:
140 - /proc/self/task/<tid>/fail-nth:
142 Write to this file of integer N makes N-th call in the task fail.
143 Read from this file returns a integer value. A value of '0' indicates
144 that the fault setup with a previous write to this file was injected.
145 A positive integer N indicates that the fault wasn't yet injected.
146 Note that this file enables all types of faults (slab, futex, etc).
147 This setting takes precedence over all other generic debugfs settings
148 like probability, interval, times, etc. But per-capability settings
149 (e.g. fail_futex/ignore-private) take precedence over it.
151 This feature is intended for systematic testing of faults in a single
152 system call. See an example below.
154 How to add new fault injection capability
155 -----------------------------------------
157 o #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
159 o define the fault attributes
161 DECLARE_FAULT_INJECTION(name);
163 Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
166 o provide a way to configure fault attributes
170 If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
171 provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it:
173 setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
177 failslab, fail_page_alloc, and fail_make_request use this way.
180 fault_create_debugfs_attr(name, parent, attr);
184 If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
185 single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
186 configure the fault attributes.
188 o add a hook to insert failures
190 Upon should_fail() returning true, client code should inject a failure.
192 should_fail(attr, size);
197 o Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code
202 echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
203 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
204 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
205 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
206 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
207 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
208 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
212 bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail && exec $*"
217 echo "Usage: $0 modulename [ modulename ... ]"
224 faulty_system modprobe $m
227 faulty_system modprobe -r $m
230 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
232 o Inject page allocation failures only for a specific module
236 FAILTYPE=fail_page_alloc
241 echo "Usage: $0 <modulename>"
247 if [ ! -d /sys/module/$module/sections ]
249 echo Module $module is not loaded
253 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
254 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
256 echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
257 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
258 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
259 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
260 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
261 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
262 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
263 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
264 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
266 trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
268 echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"
271 Tool to run command with failslab or fail_page_alloc
272 ----------------------------------------------------
273 In order to make it easier to accomplish the tasks mentioned above, we can use
274 tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh. Please run a command
275 "./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --help" for more information and
276 see the following examples.
280 Run a command "make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests" with injecting slab
283 # ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh \
284 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
286 Same as above except to specify 100 times failures at most instead of one time
289 # ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
290 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
292 Same as above except to inject page allocation failure instead of slab
295 # env FAILCMD_TYPE=fail_page_alloc \
296 ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
297 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
299 Systematic faults using fail-nth
300 ---------------------------------
302 The following code systematically faults 0-th, 1-st, 2-nd and so on
303 capabilities in the socketpair() system call.
305 #include <sys/types.h>
306 #include <sys/stat.h>
307 #include <sys/socket.h>
308 #include <sys/syscall.h>
318 int i, err, res, fail_nth, fds[2];
321 system("echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait");
322 sprintf(buf, "/proc/self/task/%ld/fail-nth", syscall(SYS_gettid));
323 fail_nth = open(buf, O_RDWR);
325 sprintf(buf, "%d", i);
326 write(fail_nth, buf, strlen(buf));
327 res = socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds);
329 pread(fail_nth, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
334 printf("%d-th fault %c: res=%d/%d\n", i, atoi(buf) ? 'N' : 'Y',
344 1-th fault Y: res=-1/23
345 2-th fault Y: res=-1/23
346 3-th fault Y: res=-1/12
347 4-th fault Y: res=-1/12
348 5-th fault Y: res=-1/23
349 6-th fault Y: res=-1/23
350 7-th fault Y: res=-1/23
351 8-th fault Y: res=-1/12
352 9-th fault Y: res=-1/12
353 10-th fault Y: res=-1/12
354 11-th fault Y: res=-1/12
355 12-th fault Y: res=-1/12
356 13-th fault Y: res=-1/12
357 14-th fault Y: res=-1/12
358 15-th fault Y: res=-1/12
359 16-th fault N: res=0/12