1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 .. include:: <isonum.txt>
8 Copyright |copy| ST-Ericsson AB 2010
10 :Author: Sjur Brendeland/ sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com
11 :License terms: GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2
17 CAIF is a MUX protocol used by ST-Ericsson cellular modems for
18 communication between Modem and host. The host processes can open virtual AT
19 channels, initiate GPRS Data connections, Video channels and Utility Channels.
20 The Utility Channels are general purpose pipes between modem and host.
22 ST-Ericsson modems support a number of transports between modem
23 and host. Currently, UART and Loopback are available for Linux.
29 The implementation of CAIF is divided into:
31 * CAIF Socket Layer and GPRS IP Interface.
32 * CAIF Core Protocol Implementation
33 * CAIF Link Layer, implemented as NET devices.
42 +-------> !interf!+ ! API !+ <- CAIF Client APIs
47 ! +------+ <- CAIF Core Protocol
51 ! +----------!---------+
53 ! +------+ +-----+ +------+
54 +--> ! HSI ! ! TTY ! ! USB ! <- Link Layer (Net Devices)
55 +------+ +-----+ +------+
63 CAIF Core Protocol Layer
64 ------------------------
66 CAIF Core layer implements the CAIF protocol as defined by ST-Ericsson.
67 It implements the CAIF protocol stack in a layered approach, where
68 each layer described in the specification is implemented as a separate layer.
69 The architecture is inspired by the design patterns "Protocol Layer" and
75 The Core CAIF implementation contains:
77 - Simple implementation of CAIF.
78 - Layered architecture (a la Streams), each layer in the CAIF
79 specification is implemented in a separate c-file.
80 - Clients must call configuration function to add PHY layer.
81 - Clients must implement CAIF layer to consume/produce
82 CAIF payload with receive and transmit functions.
83 - Clients must call configuration function to add and connect the
85 - When receiving / transmitting CAIF Packets (cfpkt), ownership is passed
86 to the called function (except for framing layers' receive function)
91 The CAIF protocol can be divided into two parts: Support functions and Protocol
92 Implementation. The support functions include:
94 - CFPKT CAIF Packet. Implementation of CAIF Protocol Packet. The
95 CAIF Packet has functions for creating, destroying and adding content
96 and for adding/extracting header and trailers to protocol packets.
98 The CAIF Protocol implementation contains:
100 - CFCNFG CAIF Configuration layer. Configures the CAIF Protocol
101 Stack and provides a Client interface for adding Link-Layer and
102 Driver interfaces on top of the CAIF Stack.
104 - CFCTRL CAIF Control layer. Encodes and Decodes control messages
105 such as enumeration and channel setup. Also matches request and
108 - CFSERVL General CAIF Service Layer functionality; handles flow
109 control and remote shutdown requests.
111 - CFVEI CAIF VEI layer. Handles CAIF AT Channels on VEI (Virtual
112 External Interface). This layer encodes/decodes VEI frames.
114 - CFDGML CAIF Datagram layer. Handles CAIF Datagram layer (IP
115 traffic), encodes/decodes Datagram frames.
117 - CFMUX CAIF Mux layer. Handles multiplexing between multiple
118 physical bearers and multiple channels such as VEI, Datagram, etc.
119 The MUX keeps track of the existing CAIF Channels and
120 Physical Instances and selects the appropriate instance based
121 on Channel-Id and Physical-ID.
123 - CFFRML CAIF Framing layer. Handles Framing i.e. Frame length
126 - CFSERL CAIF Serial layer. Handles concatenation/split of frames
127 into CAIF Frames with correct length.
136 +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
137 | AT | | Control | | Datagram|
138 | CFVEIL | | CFCTRL | | CFDGML |
139 +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
140 \_____________!______________/
148 +---------+ +---------+
149 | CFFRML | | CFFRML |
150 | Framing | | Framing |
151 +---------+ +---------+
153 +---------+ +---------+
156 +---------+ +---------+
159 In this layered approach the following "rules" apply.
161 - All layers embed the same structure "struct cflayer"
162 - A layer does not depend on any other layer's private data.
163 - Layers are stacked by setting the pointers::
165 layer->up , layer->dn
167 - In order to send data upwards, each layer should do::
169 layer->up->receive(layer->up, packet);
171 - In order to send data downwards, each layer should do::
173 layer->dn->transmit(layer->dn, packet);
176 CAIF Socket and IP interface
177 ============================
179 The IP interface and CAIF socket API are implemented on top of the
180 CAIF Core protocol. The IP Interface and CAIF socket have an instance of
181 'struct cflayer', just like the CAIF Core protocol stack.
182 Net device and Socket implement the 'receive()' function defined by
183 'struct cflayer', just like the rest of the CAIF stack. In this way, transmit and
184 receive of packets is handled as by the rest of the layers: the 'dn->transmit()'
185 function is called in order to transmit data.
187 Configuration of Link Layer
188 ---------------------------
189 The Link Layer is implemented as Linux network devices (struct net_device).
190 Payload handling and registration is done using standard Linux mechanisms.
192 The CAIF Protocol relies on a loss-less link layer without implementing
193 retransmission. This implies that packet drops must not happen.
194 Therefore a flow-control mechanism is implemented where the physical
195 interface can initiate flow stop for all CAIF Channels.