of: MSI: Simplify irqdomain lookup
[linux/fpc-iii.git] / drivers / macintosh / macio_asic.c
blob4f12c6f01fe7d384d086321a09d73c1fb8fdd4a3
1 /*
2 * Bus & driver management routines for devices within
3 * a MacIO ASIC. Interface to new driver model mostly
4 * stolen from the PCI version.
5 *
6 * Copyright (C) 2005 Ben. Herrenschmidt (benh@kernel.crashing.org)
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
10 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
11 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 * TODO:
15 * - Don't probe below media bay by default, but instead provide
16 * some hooks for media bay to dynamically add/remove it's own
17 * sub-devices.
20 #include <linux/string.h>
21 #include <linux/kernel.h>
22 #include <linux/pci.h>
23 #include <linux/pci_ids.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/module.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/of_address.h>
28 #include <linux/of_irq.h>
30 #include <asm/machdep.h>
31 #include <asm/macio.h>
32 #include <asm/pmac_feature.h>
33 #include <asm/prom.h>
34 #include <asm/pci-bridge.h>
36 #undef DEBUG
38 #define MAX_NODE_NAME_SIZE (20 - 12)
40 static struct macio_chip *macio_on_hold;
42 static int macio_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
44 const struct of_device_id * matches = drv->of_match_table;
46 if (!matches)
47 return 0;
49 return of_match_device(matches, dev) != NULL;
52 struct macio_dev *macio_dev_get(struct macio_dev *dev)
54 struct device *tmp;
56 if (!dev)
57 return NULL;
58 tmp = get_device(&dev->ofdev.dev);
59 if (tmp)
60 return to_macio_device(tmp);
61 else
62 return NULL;
65 void macio_dev_put(struct macio_dev *dev)
67 if (dev)
68 put_device(&dev->ofdev.dev);
72 static int macio_device_probe(struct device *dev)
74 int error = -ENODEV;
75 struct macio_driver *drv;
76 struct macio_dev *macio_dev;
77 const struct of_device_id *match;
79 drv = to_macio_driver(dev->driver);
80 macio_dev = to_macio_device(dev);
82 if (!drv->probe)
83 return error;
85 macio_dev_get(macio_dev);
87 match = of_match_device(drv->driver.of_match_table, dev);
88 if (match)
89 error = drv->probe(macio_dev, match);
90 if (error)
91 macio_dev_put(macio_dev);
93 return error;
96 static int macio_device_remove(struct device *dev)
98 struct macio_dev * macio_dev = to_macio_device(dev);
99 struct macio_driver * drv = to_macio_driver(dev->driver);
101 if (dev->driver && drv->remove)
102 drv->remove(macio_dev);
103 macio_dev_put(macio_dev);
105 return 0;
108 static void macio_device_shutdown(struct device *dev)
110 struct macio_dev * macio_dev = to_macio_device(dev);
111 struct macio_driver * drv = to_macio_driver(dev->driver);
113 if (dev->driver && drv->shutdown)
114 drv->shutdown(macio_dev);
117 static int macio_device_suspend(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state)
119 struct macio_dev * macio_dev = to_macio_device(dev);
120 struct macio_driver * drv = to_macio_driver(dev->driver);
122 if (dev->driver && drv->suspend)
123 return drv->suspend(macio_dev, state);
124 return 0;
127 static int macio_device_resume(struct device * dev)
129 struct macio_dev * macio_dev = to_macio_device(dev);
130 struct macio_driver * drv = to_macio_driver(dev->driver);
132 if (dev->driver && drv->resume)
133 return drv->resume(macio_dev);
134 return 0;
137 extern struct device_attribute macio_dev_attrs[];
139 struct bus_type macio_bus_type = {
140 .name = "macio",
141 .match = macio_bus_match,
142 .uevent = of_device_uevent_modalias,
143 .probe = macio_device_probe,
144 .remove = macio_device_remove,
145 .shutdown = macio_device_shutdown,
146 .suspend = macio_device_suspend,
147 .resume = macio_device_resume,
148 .dev_attrs = macio_dev_attrs,
151 static int __init macio_bus_driver_init(void)
153 return bus_register(&macio_bus_type);
156 postcore_initcall(macio_bus_driver_init);
160 * macio_release_dev - free a macio device structure when all users of it are
161 * finished.
162 * @dev: device that's been disconnected
164 * Will be called only by the device core when all users of this macio device
165 * are done. This currently means never as we don't hot remove any macio
166 * device yet, though that will happen with mediabay based devices in a later
167 * implementation.
169 static void macio_release_dev(struct device *dev)
171 struct macio_dev *mdev;
173 mdev = to_macio_device(dev);
174 kfree(mdev);
178 * macio_resource_quirks - tweak or skip some resources for a device
179 * @np: pointer to the device node
180 * @res: resulting resource
181 * @index: index of resource in node
183 * If this routine returns non-null, then the resource is completely
184 * skipped.
186 static int macio_resource_quirks(struct device_node *np, struct resource *res,
187 int index)
189 /* Only quirks for memory resources for now */
190 if ((res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM) == 0)
191 return 0;
193 /* Grand Central has too large resource 0 on some machines */
194 if (index == 0 && !strcmp(np->name, "gc"))
195 res->end = res->start + 0x1ffff;
197 /* Airport has bogus resource 2 */
198 if (index >= 2 && !strcmp(np->name, "radio"))
199 return 1;
201 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC64
202 /* DBDMAs may have bogus sizes */
203 if ((res->start & 0x0001f000) == 0x00008000)
204 res->end = res->start + 0xff;
205 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
207 /* ESCC parent eats child resources. We could have added a
208 * level of hierarchy, but I don't really feel the need
209 * for it
211 if (!strcmp(np->name, "escc"))
212 return 1;
214 /* ESCC has bogus resources >= 3 */
215 if (index >= 3 && !(strcmp(np->name, "ch-a") &&
216 strcmp(np->name, "ch-b")))
217 return 1;
219 /* Media bay has too many resources, keep only first one */
220 if (index > 0 && !strcmp(np->name, "media-bay"))
221 return 1;
223 /* Some older IDE resources have bogus sizes */
224 if (!(strcmp(np->name, "IDE") && strcmp(np->name, "ATA") &&
225 strcmp(np->type, "ide") && strcmp(np->type, "ata"))) {
226 if (index == 0 && (res->end - res->start) > 0xfff)
227 res->end = res->start + 0xfff;
228 if (index == 1 && (res->end - res->start) > 0xff)
229 res->end = res->start + 0xff;
231 return 0;
234 static void macio_create_fixup_irq(struct macio_dev *dev, int index,
235 unsigned int line)
237 unsigned int irq;
239 irq = irq_create_mapping(NULL, line);
240 if (irq != NO_IRQ) {
241 dev->interrupt[index].start = irq;
242 dev->interrupt[index].flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ;
243 dev->interrupt[index].name = dev_name(&dev->ofdev.dev);
245 if (dev->n_interrupts <= index)
246 dev->n_interrupts = index + 1;
249 static void macio_add_missing_resources(struct macio_dev *dev)
251 struct device_node *np = dev->ofdev.dev.of_node;
252 unsigned int irq_base;
254 /* Gatwick has some missing interrupts on child nodes */
255 if (dev->bus->chip->type != macio_gatwick)
256 return;
258 /* irq_base is always 64 on gatwick. I have no cleaner way to get
259 * that value from here at this point
261 irq_base = 64;
263 /* Fix SCC */
264 if (strcmp(np->name, "ch-a") == 0) {
265 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 0, 15 + irq_base);
266 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 1, 4 + irq_base);
267 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 2, 5 + irq_base);
268 printk(KERN_INFO "macio: fixed SCC irqs on gatwick\n");
271 /* Fix media-bay */
272 if (strcmp(np->name, "media-bay") == 0) {
273 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 0, 29 + irq_base);
274 printk(KERN_INFO "macio: fixed media-bay irq on gatwick\n");
277 /* Fix left media bay childs */
278 if (dev->media_bay != NULL && strcmp(np->name, "floppy") == 0) {
279 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 0, 19 + irq_base);
280 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 1, 1 + irq_base);
281 printk(KERN_INFO "macio: fixed left floppy irqs\n");
283 if (dev->media_bay != NULL && strcasecmp(np->name, "ata4") == 0) {
284 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 0, 14 + irq_base);
285 macio_create_fixup_irq(dev, 0, 3 + irq_base);
286 printk(KERN_INFO "macio: fixed left ide irqs\n");
290 static void macio_setup_interrupts(struct macio_dev *dev)
292 struct device_node *np = dev->ofdev.dev.of_node;
293 unsigned int irq;
294 int i = 0, j = 0;
296 for (;;) {
297 struct resource *res;
299 if (j >= MACIO_DEV_COUNT_IRQS)
300 break;
301 res = &dev->interrupt[j];
302 irq = irq_of_parse_and_map(np, i++);
303 if (irq == NO_IRQ)
304 break;
305 res->start = irq;
306 res->flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ;
307 res->name = dev_name(&dev->ofdev.dev);
308 if (macio_resource_quirks(np, res, i - 1)) {
309 memset(res, 0, sizeof(struct resource));
310 continue;
311 } else
312 j++;
314 dev->n_interrupts = j;
317 static void macio_setup_resources(struct macio_dev *dev,
318 struct resource *parent_res)
320 struct device_node *np = dev->ofdev.dev.of_node;
321 struct resource r;
322 int index;
324 for (index = 0; of_address_to_resource(np, index, &r) == 0; index++) {
325 struct resource *res;
326 if (index >= MACIO_DEV_COUNT_RESOURCES)
327 break;
328 res = &dev->resource[index];
329 *res = r;
330 res->name = dev_name(&dev->ofdev.dev);
332 if (macio_resource_quirks(np, res, index)) {
333 memset(res, 0, sizeof(struct resource));
334 continue;
336 /* Currently, we consider failure as harmless, this may
337 * change in the future, once I've found all the device
338 * tree bugs in older machines & worked around them
340 if (insert_resource(parent_res, res)) {
341 printk(KERN_WARNING "Can't request resource "
342 "%d for MacIO device %s\n",
343 index, dev_name(&dev->ofdev.dev));
346 dev->n_resources = index;
350 * macio_add_one_device - Add one device from OF node to the device tree
351 * @chip: pointer to the macio_chip holding the device
352 * @np: pointer to the device node in the OF tree
353 * @in_bay: set to 1 if device is part of a media-bay
355 * When media-bay is changed to hotswap drivers, this function will
356 * be exposed to the bay driver some way...
358 static struct macio_dev * macio_add_one_device(struct macio_chip *chip,
359 struct device *parent,
360 struct device_node *np,
361 struct macio_dev *in_bay,
362 struct resource *parent_res)
364 struct macio_dev *dev;
365 const u32 *reg;
367 if (np == NULL)
368 return NULL;
370 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
371 if (!dev)
372 return NULL;
374 dev->bus = &chip->lbus;
375 dev->media_bay = in_bay;
376 dev->ofdev.dev.of_node = np;
377 dev->ofdev.archdata.dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL;
378 dev->ofdev.dev.dma_mask = &dev->ofdev.archdata.dma_mask;
379 dev->ofdev.dev.parent = parent;
380 dev->ofdev.dev.bus = &macio_bus_type;
381 dev->ofdev.dev.release = macio_release_dev;
382 dev->ofdev.dev.dma_parms = &dev->dma_parms;
384 /* Standard DMA paremeters */
385 dma_set_max_seg_size(&dev->ofdev.dev, 65536);
386 dma_set_seg_boundary(&dev->ofdev.dev, 0xffffffff);
388 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
389 /* Set the DMA ops to the ones from the PCI device, this could be
390 * fishy if we didn't know that on PowerMac it's always direct ops
391 * or iommu ops that will work fine
393 * To get all the fields, copy all archdata
395 dev->ofdev.dev.archdata = chip->lbus.pdev->dev.archdata;
396 #endif /* CONFIG_PCI */
398 #ifdef DEBUG
399 printk("preparing mdev @%p, ofdev @%p, dev @%p, kobj @%p\n",
400 dev, &dev->ofdev, &dev->ofdev.dev, &dev->ofdev.dev.kobj);
401 #endif
403 /* MacIO itself has a different reg, we use it's PCI base */
404 if (np == chip->of_node) {
405 dev_set_name(&dev->ofdev.dev, "%1d.%08x:%.*s",
406 chip->lbus.index,
407 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
408 (unsigned int)pci_resource_start(chip->lbus.pdev, 0),
409 #else
410 0, /* NuBus may want to do something better here */
411 #endif
412 MAX_NODE_NAME_SIZE, np->name);
413 } else {
414 reg = of_get_property(np, "reg", NULL);
415 dev_set_name(&dev->ofdev.dev, "%1d.%08x:%.*s",
416 chip->lbus.index,
417 reg ? *reg : 0, MAX_NODE_NAME_SIZE, np->name);
420 /* Setup interrupts & resources */
421 macio_setup_interrupts(dev);
422 macio_setup_resources(dev, parent_res);
423 macio_add_missing_resources(dev);
425 /* Register with core */
426 if (of_device_register(&dev->ofdev) != 0) {
427 printk(KERN_DEBUG"macio: device registration error for %s!\n",
428 dev_name(&dev->ofdev.dev));
429 kfree(dev);
430 return NULL;
433 return dev;
436 static int macio_skip_device(struct device_node *np)
438 if (strncmp(np->name, "battery", 7) == 0)
439 return 1;
440 if (strncmp(np->name, "escc-legacy", 11) == 0)
441 return 1;
442 return 0;
446 * macio_pci_add_devices - Adds sub-devices of mac-io to the device tree
447 * @chip: pointer to the macio_chip holding the devices
449 * This function will do the job of extracting devices from the
450 * Open Firmware device tree, build macio_dev structures and add
451 * them to the Linux device tree.
453 * For now, childs of media-bay are added now as well. This will
454 * change rsn though.
456 static void macio_pci_add_devices(struct macio_chip *chip)
458 struct device_node *np, *pnode;
459 struct macio_dev *rdev, *mdev, *mbdev = NULL, *sdev = NULL;
460 struct device *parent = NULL;
461 struct resource *root_res = &iomem_resource;
463 /* Add a node for the macio bus itself */
464 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
465 if (chip->lbus.pdev) {
466 parent = &chip->lbus.pdev->dev;
467 root_res = &chip->lbus.pdev->resource[0];
469 #endif
470 pnode = of_node_get(chip->of_node);
471 if (pnode == NULL)
472 return;
474 /* Add macio itself to hierarchy */
475 rdev = macio_add_one_device(chip, parent, pnode, NULL, root_res);
476 if (rdev == NULL)
477 return;
478 root_res = &rdev->resource[0];
480 /* First scan 1st level */
481 for (np = NULL; (np = of_get_next_child(pnode, np)) != NULL;) {
482 if (macio_skip_device(np))
483 continue;
484 of_node_get(np);
485 mdev = macio_add_one_device(chip, &rdev->ofdev.dev, np, NULL,
486 root_res);
487 if (mdev == NULL)
488 of_node_put(np);
489 else if (strncmp(np->name, "media-bay", 9) == 0)
490 mbdev = mdev;
491 else if (strncmp(np->name, "escc", 4) == 0)
492 sdev = mdev;
495 /* Add media bay devices if any */
496 if (mbdev) {
497 pnode = mbdev->ofdev.dev.of_node;
498 for (np = NULL; (np = of_get_next_child(pnode, np)) != NULL;) {
499 if (macio_skip_device(np))
500 continue;
501 of_node_get(np);
502 if (macio_add_one_device(chip, &mbdev->ofdev.dev, np,
503 mbdev, root_res) == NULL)
504 of_node_put(np);
508 /* Add serial ports if any */
509 if (sdev) {
510 pnode = sdev->ofdev.dev.of_node;
511 for (np = NULL; (np = of_get_next_child(pnode, np)) != NULL;) {
512 if (macio_skip_device(np))
513 continue;
514 of_node_get(np);
515 if (macio_add_one_device(chip, &sdev->ofdev.dev, np,
516 NULL, root_res) == NULL)
517 of_node_put(np);
524 * macio_register_driver - Registers a new MacIO device driver
525 * @drv: pointer to the driver definition structure
527 int macio_register_driver(struct macio_driver *drv)
529 /* initialize common driver fields */
530 drv->driver.bus = &macio_bus_type;
532 /* register with core */
533 return driver_register(&drv->driver);
537 * macio_unregister_driver - Unregisters a new MacIO device driver
538 * @drv: pointer to the driver definition structure
540 void macio_unregister_driver(struct macio_driver *drv)
542 driver_unregister(&drv->driver);
545 /* Managed MacIO resources */
546 struct macio_devres {
547 u32 res_mask;
550 static void maciom_release(struct device *gendev, void *res)
552 struct macio_dev *dev = to_macio_device(gendev);
553 struct macio_devres *dr = res;
554 int i, max;
556 max = min(dev->n_resources, 32);
557 for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
558 if (dr->res_mask & (1 << i))
559 macio_release_resource(dev, i);
563 int macio_enable_devres(struct macio_dev *dev)
565 struct macio_devres *dr;
567 dr = devres_find(&dev->ofdev.dev, maciom_release, NULL, NULL);
568 if (!dr) {
569 dr = devres_alloc(maciom_release, sizeof(*dr), GFP_KERNEL);
570 if (!dr)
571 return -ENOMEM;
573 return devres_get(&dev->ofdev.dev, dr, NULL, NULL) != NULL;
576 static struct macio_devres * find_macio_dr(struct macio_dev *dev)
578 return devres_find(&dev->ofdev.dev, maciom_release, NULL, NULL);
582 * macio_request_resource - Request an MMIO resource
583 * @dev: pointer to the device holding the resource
584 * @resource_no: resource number to request
585 * @name: resource name
587 * Mark memory region number @resource_no associated with MacIO
588 * device @dev as being reserved by owner @name. Do not access
589 * any address inside the memory regions unless this call returns
590 * successfully.
592 * Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error. A warning
593 * message is also printed on failure.
595 int macio_request_resource(struct macio_dev *dev, int resource_no,
596 const char *name)
598 struct macio_devres *dr = find_macio_dr(dev);
600 if (macio_resource_len(dev, resource_no) == 0)
601 return 0;
603 if (!request_mem_region(macio_resource_start(dev, resource_no),
604 macio_resource_len(dev, resource_no),
605 name))
606 goto err_out;
608 if (dr && resource_no < 32)
609 dr->res_mask |= 1 << resource_no;
611 return 0;
613 err_out:
614 printk (KERN_WARNING "MacIO: Unable to reserve resource #%d:%lx@%lx"
615 " for device %s\n",
616 resource_no,
617 macio_resource_len(dev, resource_no),
618 macio_resource_start(dev, resource_no),
619 dev_name(&dev->ofdev.dev));
620 return -EBUSY;
624 * macio_release_resource - Release an MMIO resource
625 * @dev: pointer to the device holding the resource
626 * @resource_no: resource number to release
628 void macio_release_resource(struct macio_dev *dev, int resource_no)
630 struct macio_devres *dr = find_macio_dr(dev);
632 if (macio_resource_len(dev, resource_no) == 0)
633 return;
634 release_mem_region(macio_resource_start(dev, resource_no),
635 macio_resource_len(dev, resource_no));
636 if (dr && resource_no < 32)
637 dr->res_mask &= ~(1 << resource_no);
641 * macio_request_resources - Reserve all memory resources
642 * @dev: MacIO device whose resources are to be reserved
643 * @name: Name to be associated with resource.
645 * Mark all memory regions associated with MacIO device @dev as
646 * being reserved by owner @name. Do not access any address inside
647 * the memory regions unless this call returns successfully.
649 * Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error. A warning
650 * message is also printed on failure.
652 int macio_request_resources(struct macio_dev *dev, const char *name)
654 int i;
656 for (i = 0; i < dev->n_resources; i++)
657 if (macio_request_resource(dev, i, name))
658 goto err_out;
659 return 0;
661 err_out:
662 while(--i >= 0)
663 macio_release_resource(dev, i);
665 return -EBUSY;
669 * macio_release_resources - Release reserved memory resources
670 * @dev: MacIO device whose resources were previously reserved
673 void macio_release_resources(struct macio_dev *dev)
675 int i;
677 for (i = 0; i < dev->n_resources; i++)
678 macio_release_resource(dev, i);
682 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
684 static int macio_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *ent)
686 struct device_node* np;
687 struct macio_chip* chip;
689 if (ent->vendor != PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE)
690 return -ENODEV;
692 /* Note regarding refcounting: We assume pci_device_to_OF_node() is
693 * ported to new OF APIs and returns a node with refcount incremented.
695 np = pci_device_to_OF_node(pdev);
696 if (np == NULL)
697 return -ENODEV;
699 /* The above assumption is wrong !!!
700 * fix that here for now until I fix the arch code
702 of_node_get(np);
704 /* We also assume that pmac_feature will have done a get() on nodes
705 * stored in the macio chips array
707 chip = macio_find(np, macio_unknown);
708 of_node_put(np);
709 if (chip == NULL)
710 return -ENODEV;
712 /* XXX Need locking ??? */
713 if (chip->lbus.pdev == NULL) {
714 chip->lbus.pdev = pdev;
715 chip->lbus.chip = chip;
716 pci_set_drvdata(pdev, &chip->lbus);
717 pci_set_master(pdev);
720 printk(KERN_INFO "MacIO PCI driver attached to %s chipset\n",
721 chip->name);
724 * HACK ALERT: The WallStreet PowerBook and some OHare based machines
725 * have 2 macio ASICs. I must probe the "main" one first or IDE
726 * ordering will be incorrect. So I put on "hold" the second one since
727 * it seem to appear first on PCI
729 if (chip->type == macio_gatwick || chip->type == macio_ohareII)
730 if (macio_chips[0].lbus.pdev == NULL) {
731 macio_on_hold = chip;
732 return 0;
735 macio_pci_add_devices(chip);
736 if (macio_on_hold && macio_chips[0].lbus.pdev != NULL) {
737 macio_pci_add_devices(macio_on_hold);
738 macio_on_hold = NULL;
741 return 0;
744 static void macio_pci_remove(struct pci_dev* pdev)
746 panic("removing of macio-asic not supported !\n");
750 * MacIO is matched against any Apple ID, it's probe() function
751 * will then decide wether it applies or not
753 static const struct pci_device_id pci_ids[] = { {
754 .vendor = PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE,
755 .device = PCI_ANY_ID,
756 .subvendor = PCI_ANY_ID,
757 .subdevice = PCI_ANY_ID,
759 }, { /* end: all zeroes */ }
761 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (pci, pci_ids);
763 /* pci driver glue; this is a "new style" PCI driver module */
764 static struct pci_driver macio_pci_driver = {
765 .name = (char *) "macio",
766 .id_table = pci_ids,
768 .probe = macio_pci_probe,
769 .remove = macio_pci_remove,
772 #endif /* CONFIG_PCI */
774 static int __init macio_module_init (void)
776 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
777 int rc;
779 rc = pci_register_driver(&macio_pci_driver);
780 if (rc)
781 return rc;
782 #endif /* CONFIG_PCI */
783 return 0;
786 module_init(macio_module_init);
788 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_register_driver);
789 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_unregister_driver);
790 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_dev_get);
791 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_dev_put);
792 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_request_resource);
793 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_release_resource);
794 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_request_resources);
795 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_release_resources);
796 EXPORT_SYMBOL(macio_enable_devres);