1 Kprobe-based Event Tracing
2 ==========================
4 Documentation is written by Masami Hiramatsu
9 These events are similar to tracepoint based events. Instead of Tracepoint,
10 this is based on kprobes (kprobe and kretprobe). So it can probe wherever
11 kprobes can probe (this means, all functions body except for __kprobes
12 functions). Unlike the Tracepoint based event, this can be added and removed
13 dynamically, on the fly.
15 To enable this feature, build your kernel with CONFIG_KPROBE_EVENT=y.
17 Similar to the events tracer, this doesn't need to be activated via
18 current_tracer. Instead of that, add probe points via
19 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events, and enable it via
20 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/<EVENT>/enabled.
23 Synopsis of kprobe_events
24 -------------------------
25 p[:[GRP/]EVENT] [MOD:]SYM[+offs]|MEMADDR [FETCHARGS] : Set a probe
26 r[:[GRP/]EVENT] [MOD:]SYM[+0] [FETCHARGS] : Set a return probe
27 -:[GRP/]EVENT : Clear a probe
29 GRP : Group name. If omitted, use "kprobes" for it.
30 EVENT : Event name. If omitted, the event name is generated
31 based on SYM+offs or MEMADDR.
32 MOD : Module name which has given SYM.
33 SYM[+offs] : Symbol+offset where the probe is inserted.
34 MEMADDR : Address where the probe is inserted.
36 FETCHARGS : Arguments. Each probe can have up to 128 args.
37 %REG : Fetch register REG
38 @ADDR : Fetch memory at ADDR (ADDR should be in kernel)
39 @SYM[+|-offs] : Fetch memory at SYM +|- offs (SYM should be a data symbol)
40 $stackN : Fetch Nth entry of stack (N >= 0)
41 $stack : Fetch stack address.
42 $retval : Fetch return value.(*)
43 $comm : Fetch current task comm.
44 +|-offs(FETCHARG) : Fetch memory at FETCHARG +|- offs address.(**)
45 NAME=FETCHARG : Set NAME as the argument name of FETCHARG.
46 FETCHARG:TYPE : Set TYPE as the type of FETCHARG. Currently, basic types
47 (u8/u16/u32/u64/s8/s16/s32/s64), hexadecimal types
48 (x8/x16/x32/x64), "string" and bitfield are supported.
50 (*) only for return probe.
51 (**) this is useful for fetching a field of data structures.
55 Several types are supported for fetch-args. Kprobe tracer will access memory
56 by given type. Prefix 's' and 'u' means those types are signed and unsigned
57 respectively. 'x' prefix implies it is unsigned. Traced arguments are shown
58 in decimal ('s' and 'u') or hexadecimal ('x'). Without type casting, 'x32'
59 or 'x64' is used depends on the architecture (e.g. x86-32 uses x32, and
61 String type is a special type, which fetches a "null-terminated" string from
62 kernel space. This means it will fail and store NULL if the string container
64 Bitfield is another special type, which takes 3 parameters, bit-width, bit-
65 offset, and container-size (usually 32). The syntax is;
67 b<bit-width>@<bit-offset>/<container-size>
69 For $comm, the default type is "string"; any other type is invalid.
72 Per-Probe Event Filtering
73 -------------------------
74 Per-probe event filtering feature allows you to set different filter on each
75 probe and gives you what arguments will be shown in trace buffer. If an event
76 name is specified right after 'p:' or 'r:' in kprobe_events, it adds an event
77 under tracing/events/kprobes/<EVENT>, at the directory you can see 'id',
78 'enabled', 'format' and 'filter'.
81 You can enable/disable the probe by writing 1 or 0 on it.
84 This shows the format of this probe event.
87 You can write filtering rules of this event.
90 This shows the id of this probe event.
95 You can check the total number of probe hits and probe miss-hits via
96 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_profile.
97 The first column is event name, the second is the number of probe hits,
98 the third is the number of probe miss-hits.
103 To add a probe as a new event, write a new definition to kprobe_events
106 echo 'p:myprobe do_sys_open dfd=%ax filename=%dx flags=%cx mode=+4($stack)' > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events
108 This sets a kprobe on the top of do_sys_open() function with recording
109 1st to 4th arguments as "myprobe" event. Note, which register/stack entry is
110 assigned to each function argument depends on arch-specific ABI. If you unsure
111 the ABI, please try to use probe subcommand of perf-tools (you can find it
113 As this example shows, users can choose more familiar names for each arguments.
115 echo 'r:myretprobe do_sys_open $retval' >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events
117 This sets a kretprobe on the return point of do_sys_open() function with
118 recording return value as "myretprobe" event.
119 You can see the format of these events via
120 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/<EVENT>/format.
122 cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/myprobe/format
126 field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2; signed:0;
127 field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1; signed:0;
128 field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1;signed:0;
129 field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4; signed:1;
131 field:unsigned long __probe_ip; offset:12; size:4; signed:0;
132 field:int __probe_nargs; offset:16; size:4; signed:1;
133 field:unsigned long dfd; offset:20; size:4; signed:0;
134 field:unsigned long filename; offset:24; size:4; signed:0;
135 field:unsigned long flags; offset:28; size:4; signed:0;
136 field:unsigned long mode; offset:32; size:4; signed:0;
139 print fmt: "(%lx) dfd=%lx filename=%lx flags=%lx mode=%lx", REC->__probe_ip,
140 REC->dfd, REC->filename, REC->flags, REC->mode
142 You can see that the event has 4 arguments as in the expressions you specified.
144 echo > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events
146 This clears all probe points.
150 echo -:myprobe >> kprobe_events
152 This clears probe points selectively.
154 Right after definition, each event is disabled by default. For tracing these
155 events, you need to enable it.
157 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/myprobe/enable
158 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/myretprobe/enable
160 And you can see the traced information via /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace.
162 cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace
165 # TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
167 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286875: myprobe: (do_sys_open+0x0/0xd6) dfd=3 filename=7fffd1ec4440 flags=8000 mode=0
168 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286878: myretprobe: (sys_openat+0xc/0xe <- do_sys_open) $retval=fffffffffffffffe
169 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286885: myprobe: (do_sys_open+0x0/0xd6) dfd=ffffff9c filename=40413c flags=8000 mode=1b6
170 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286915: myretprobe: (sys_open+0x1b/0x1d <- do_sys_open) $retval=3
171 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286969: myprobe: (do_sys_open+0x0/0xd6) dfd=ffffff9c filename=4041c6 flags=98800 mode=10
172 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286976: myretprobe: (sys_open+0x1b/0x1d <- do_sys_open) $retval=3
175 Each line shows when the kernel hits an event, and <- SYMBOL means kernel
176 returns from SYMBOL(e.g. "sys_open+0x1b/0x1d <- do_sys_open" means kernel
177 returns from do_sys_open to sys_open+0x1b).