1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ================================
4 Asynchronous Operations Handling
5 ================================
7 By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
13 (*) Operation record initialisation.
19 (*) Asynchronous callback.
25 FS-Cache has an asynchronous operations handling facility that it uses for its
26 data storage and retrieval routines. Its operations are represented by
27 fscache_operation structs, though these are usually embedded into some other
30 This facility is available to and expected to be used by the cache backends,
31 and FS-Cache will create operations and pass them off to the appropriate cache
32 backend for completion.
34 To make use of this facility, <linux/fscache-cache.h> should be #included.
37 Operation Record Initialisation
38 ===============================
40 An operation is recorded in an fscache_operation struct::
42 struct fscache_operation {
44 struct work_struct fast_work;
45 struct slow_work slow_work;
48 fscache_operation_processor_t processor;
52 Someone wanting to issue an operation should allocate something with this
53 struct embedded in it. They should initialise it by calling::
55 void fscache_operation_init(struct fscache_operation *op,
56 fscache_operation_release_t release);
58 with the operation to be initialised and the release function to use.
60 The op->flags parameter should be set to indicate the CPU time provision and
61 the exclusivity (see the Parameters section).
63 The op->fast_work, op->slow_work and op->processor flags should be set as
64 appropriate for the CPU time provision (see the Parameters section).
66 FSCACHE_OP_WAITING may be set in op->flags prior to each submission of the
67 operation and waited for afterwards.
73 There are a number of parameters that can be set in the operation record's flag
74 parameter. There are three options for the provision of CPU time in these
77 (1) The operation may be done synchronously (FSCACHE_OP_MYTHREAD). A thread
78 may decide it wants to handle an operation itself without deferring it to
81 This is, for example, used in read operations for calling readpages() on
82 the backing filesystem in CacheFiles. Although readpages() does an
83 asynchronous data fetch, the determination of whether pages exist is done
84 synchronously - and the netfs does not proceed until this has been
87 If this option is to be used, FSCACHE_OP_WAITING must be set in op->flags
88 before submitting the operation, and the operating thread must wait for it
89 to be cleared before proceeding::
91 wait_on_bit(&op->flags, FSCACHE_OP_WAITING,
92 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
95 (2) The operation may be fast asynchronous (FSCACHE_OP_FAST), in which case it
96 will be given to keventd to process. Such an operation is not permitted
99 This is, for example, used by CacheFiles to copy data from a backing fs
100 page to a netfs page after the backing fs has read the page in.
102 If this option is used, op->fast_work and op->processor must be
103 initialised before submitting the operation::
105 INIT_WORK(&op->fast_work, do_some_work);
108 (3) The operation may be slow asynchronous (FSCACHE_OP_SLOW), in which case it
109 will be given to the slow work facility to process. Such an operation is
110 permitted to sleep on I/O.
112 This is, for example, used by FS-Cache to handle background writes of
113 pages that have just been fetched from a remote server.
115 If this option is used, op->slow_work and op->processor must be
116 initialised before submitting the operation::
118 fscache_operation_init_slow(op, processor)
121 Furthermore, operations may be one of two types:
123 (1) Exclusive (FSCACHE_OP_EXCLUSIVE). Operations of this type may not run in
124 conjunction with any other operation on the object being operated upon.
126 An example of this is the attribute change operation, in which the file
127 being written to may need truncation.
129 (2) Shareable. Operations of this type may be running simultaneously. It's
130 up to the operation implementation to prevent interference between other
131 operations running at the same time.
137 Operations are used through the following procedure:
139 (1) The submitting thread must allocate the operation and initialise it
140 itself. Normally this would be part of a more specific structure with the
141 generic op embedded within.
143 (2) The submitting thread must then submit the operation for processing using
144 one of the following two functions::
146 int fscache_submit_op(struct fscache_object *object,
147 struct fscache_operation *op);
149 int fscache_submit_exclusive_op(struct fscache_object *object,
150 struct fscache_operation *op);
152 The first function should be used to submit non-exclusive ops and the
153 second to submit exclusive ones. The caller must still set the
154 FSCACHE_OP_EXCLUSIVE flag.
156 If successful, both functions will assign the operation to the specified
157 object and return 0. -ENOBUFS will be returned if the object specified is
158 permanently unavailable.
160 The operation manager will defer operations on an object that is still
161 undergoing lookup or creation. The operation will also be deferred if an
162 operation of conflicting exclusivity is in progress on the object.
164 If the operation is asynchronous, the manager will retain a reference to
165 it, so the caller should put their reference to it by passing it to::
167 void fscache_put_operation(struct fscache_operation *op);
169 (3) If the submitting thread wants to do the work itself, and has marked the
170 operation with FSCACHE_OP_MYTHREAD, then it should monitor
171 FSCACHE_OP_WAITING as described above and check the state of the object if
172 necessary (the object might have died while the thread was waiting).
174 When it has finished doing its processing, it should call
175 fscache_op_complete() and fscache_put_operation() on it.
177 (4) The operation holds an effective lock upon the object, preventing other
178 exclusive ops conflicting until it is released. The operation can be
179 enqueued for further immediate asynchronous processing by adjusting the
180 CPU time provisioning option if necessary, eg::
182 op->flags &= ~FSCACHE_OP_TYPE;
183 op->flags |= ~FSCACHE_OP_FAST;
187 void fscache_enqueue_operation(struct fscache_operation *op)
189 This can be used to allow other things to have use of the worker thread
193 Asynchronous Callback
194 =====================
196 When used in asynchronous mode, the worker thread pool will invoke the
197 processor method with a pointer to the operation. This should then get at the
198 container struct by using container_of()::
200 static void fscache_write_op(struct fscache_operation *_op)
202 struct fscache_storage *op =
203 container_of(_op, struct fscache_storage, op);
207 The caller holds a reference on the operation, and will invoke
208 fscache_put_operation() when the processor function returns. The processor
209 function is at liberty to call fscache_enqueue_operation() or to take extra