1 ========================
2 The PowerPC boot wrapper
3 ========================
5 Copyright (C) Secret Lab Technologies Ltd.
7 PowerPC image targets compresses and wraps the kernel image (vmlinux) with
8 a boot wrapper to make it usable by the system firmware. There is no
9 standard PowerPC firmware interface, so the boot wrapper is designed to
10 be adaptable for each kind of image that needs to be built.
12 The boot wrapper can be found in the arch/powerpc/boot/ directory. The
13 Makefile in that directory has targets for all the available image types.
14 The different image types are used to support all of the various firmware
15 interfaces found on PowerPC platforms. OpenFirmware is the most commonly
16 used firmware type on general purpose PowerPC systems from Apple, IBM and
17 others. U-Boot is typically found on embedded PowerPC hardware, but there
18 are a handful of other firmware implementations which are also popular. Each
19 firmware interface requires a different image format.
21 The boot wrapper is built from the makefile in arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile and
22 it uses the wrapper script (arch/powerpc/boot/wrapper) to generate target
23 image. The details of the build system is discussed in the next section.
24 Currently, the following image format targets exist:
26 ==================== ========================================================
27 cuImage.%: Backwards compatible uImage for older version of
28 U-Boot (for versions that don't understand the device
29 tree). This image embeds a device tree blob inside
30 the image. The boot wrapper, kernel and device tree
31 are all embedded inside the U-Boot uImage file format
32 with boot wrapper code that extracts data from the old
33 bd_info structure and loads the data into the device
34 tree before jumping into the kernel.
36 Because of the series of #ifdefs found in the
37 bd_info structure used in the old U-Boot interfaces,
38 cuImages are platform specific. Each specific
39 U-Boot platform has a different platform init file
40 which populates the embedded device tree with data
41 from the platform specific bd_info file. The platform
42 specific cuImage platform init code can be found in
43 `arch/powerpc/boot/cuboot.*.c`. Selection of the correct
44 cuImage init code for a specific board can be found in
45 the wrapper structure.
47 dtbImage.%: Similar to zImage, except device tree blob is embedded
48 inside the image instead of provided by firmware. The
49 output image file can be either an elf file or a flat
50 binary depending on the platform.
52 dtbImages are used on systems which do not have an
53 interface for passing a device tree directly.
54 dtbImages are similar to simpleImages except that
55 dtbImages have platform specific code for extracting
56 data from the board firmware, but simpleImages do not
57 talk to the firmware at all.
59 PlayStation 3 support uses dtbImage. So do Embedded
60 Planet boards using the PlanetCore firmware. Board
61 specific initialization code is typically found in a
62 file named arch/powerpc/boot/<platform>.c; but this
63 can be overridden by the wrapper script.
65 simpleImage.%: Firmware independent compressed image that does not
66 depend on any particular firmware interface and embeds
67 a device tree blob. This image is a flat binary that
68 can be loaded to any location in RAM and jumped to.
69 Firmware cannot pass any configuration data to the
70 kernel with this image type and it depends entirely on
71 the embedded device tree for all information.
73 treeImage.%; Image format for used with OpenBIOS firmware found
74 on some ppc4xx hardware. This image embeds a device
75 tree blob inside the image.
77 uImage: Native image format used by U-Boot. The uImage target
78 does not add any boot code. It just wraps a compressed
79 vmlinux in the uImage data structure. This image
80 requires a version of U-Boot that is able to pass
81 a device tree to the kernel at boot. If using an older
82 version of U-Boot, then you need to use a cuImage
85 zImage.%: Image format which does not embed a device tree.
86 Used by OpenFirmware and other firmware interfaces
87 which are able to supply a device tree. This image
88 expects firmware to provide the device tree at boot.
89 Typically, if you have general purpose PowerPC
90 hardware then you want this image format.
91 ==================== ========================================================
93 Image types which embed a device tree blob (simpleImage, dtbImage, treeImage,
94 and cuImage) all generate the device tree blob from a file in the
95 arch/powerpc/boot/dts/ directory. The Makefile selects the correct device
96 tree source based on the name of the target. Therefore, if the kernel is
97 built with 'make treeImage.walnut', then the build system will use
98 arch/powerpc/boot/dts/walnut.dts to build treeImage.walnut.
100 Two special targets called 'zImage' and 'zImage.initrd' also exist. These
101 targets build all the default images as selected by the kernel configuration.
102 Default images are selected by the boot wrapper Makefile
103 (arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile) by adding targets to the $image-y variable. Look
104 at the Makefile to see which default image targets are available.
108 arch/powerpc is designed to support multiplatform kernels, which means
109 that a single vmlinux image can be booted on many different target boards.
110 It also means that the boot wrapper must be able to wrap for many kinds of
111 images on a single build. The design decision was made to not use any
112 conditional compilation code (#ifdef, etc) in the boot wrapper source code.
113 All of the boot wrapper pieces are buildable at any time regardless of the
114 kernel configuration. Building all the wrapper bits on every kernel build
115 also ensures that obscure parts of the wrapper are at the very least compile
116 tested in a large variety of environments.
118 The wrapper is adapted for different image types at link time by linking in
119 just the wrapper bits that are appropriate for the image type. The 'wrapper
120 script' (found in arch/powerpc/boot/wrapper) is called by the Makefile and
121 is responsible for selecting the correct wrapper bits for the image type.
122 The arguments are well documented in the script's comment block, so they
123 are not repeated here. However, it is worth mentioning that the script
124 uses the -p (platform) argument as the main method of deciding which wrapper
125 bits to compile in. Look for the large 'case "$platform" in' block in the
126 middle of the script. This is also the place where platform specific fixups
127 can be selected by changing the link order.
129 In particular, care should be taken when working with cuImages. cuImage
130 wrapper bits are very board specific and care should be taken to make sure
131 the target you are trying to build is supported by the wrapper bits.