1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ===========================
4 The KVM halt polling system
5 ===========================
7 The KVM halt polling system provides a feature within KVM whereby the latency
8 of a guest can, under some circumstances, be reduced by polling in the host
9 for some time period after the guest has elected to no longer run by cedeing.
10 That is, when a guest vcpu has ceded, or in the case of powerpc when all of the
11 vcpus of a single vcore have ceded, the host kernel polls for wakeup conditions
12 before giving up the cpu to the scheduler in order to let something else run.
14 Polling provides a latency advantage in cases where the guest can be run again
15 very quickly by at least saving us a trip through the scheduler, normally on
16 the order of a few micro-seconds, although performance benefits are workload
17 dependant. In the event that no wakeup source arrives during the polling
18 interval or some other task on the runqueue is runnable the scheduler is
19 invoked. Thus halt polling is especially useful on workloads with very short
20 wakeup periods where the time spent halt polling is minimised and the time
21 savings of not invoking the scheduler are distinguishable.
23 The generic halt polling code is implemented in:
25 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c: kvm_vcpu_block()
27 The powerpc kvm-hv specific case is implemented in:
29 arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c: kvmppc_vcore_blocked()
34 The maximum time for which to poll before invoking the scheduler, referred to
35 as the halt polling interval, is increased and decreased based on the perceived
36 effectiveness of the polling in an attempt to limit pointless polling.
37 This value is stored in either the vcpu struct:
39 kvm_vcpu->halt_poll_ns
41 or in the case of powerpc kvm-hv, in the vcore struct:
43 kvmppc_vcore->halt_poll_ns
45 Thus this is a per vcpu (or vcore) value.
47 During polling if a wakeup source is received within the halt polling interval,
48 the interval is left unchanged. In the event that a wakeup source isn't
49 received during the polling interval (and thus schedule is invoked) there are
50 two options, either the polling interval and total block time[0] were less than
51 the global max polling interval (see module params below), or the total block
52 time was greater than the global max polling interval.
54 In the event that both the polling interval and total block time were less than
55 the global max polling interval then the polling interval can be increased in
56 the hope that next time during the longer polling interval the wake up source
57 will be received while the host is polling and the latency benefits will be
58 received. The polling interval is grown in the function grow_halt_poll_ns() and
59 is multiplied by the module parameters halt_poll_ns_grow and
60 halt_poll_ns_grow_start.
62 In the event that the total block time was greater than the global max polling
63 interval then the host will never poll for long enough (limited by the global
64 max) to wakeup during the polling interval so it may as well be shrunk in order
65 to avoid pointless polling. The polling interval is shrunk in the function
66 shrink_halt_poll_ns() and is divided by the module parameter
67 halt_poll_ns_shrink, or set to 0 iff halt_poll_ns_shrink == 0.
69 It is worth noting that this adjustment process attempts to hone in on some
70 steady state polling interval but will only really do a good job for wakeups
71 which come at an approximately constant rate, otherwise there will be constant
72 adjustment of the polling interval.
75 the time between when the halt polling function is
76 invoked and a wakeup source received (irrespective of
77 whether the scheduler is invoked within that function).
82 The kvm module has 3 tuneable module parameters to adjust the global max
83 polling interval as well as the rate at which the polling interval is grown and
84 shrunk. These variables are defined in include/linux/kvm_host.h and as module
85 parameters in virt/kvm/kvm_main.c, or arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c in the
88 +-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+
89 |Module Parameter | Description | Default Value |
90 +-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+
91 |halt_poll_ns | The global max polling | KVM_HALT_POLL_NS_DEFAULT|
92 | | interval which defines | |
93 | | the ceiling value of the | |
94 | | polling interval for | (per arch value) |
96 +-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+
97 |halt_poll_ns_grow | The value by which the | 2 |
98 | | halt polling interval is | |
99 | | multiplied in the | |
100 | | grow_halt_poll_ns() | |
102 +-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+
103 |halt_poll_ns_grow_start| The initial value to grow | 10000 |
104 | | to from zero in the | |
105 | | grow_halt_poll_ns() | |
107 +-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+
108 |halt_poll_ns_shrink | The value by which the | 0 |
109 | | halt polling interval is | |
110 | | divided in the | |
111 | | shrink_halt_poll_ns() | |
113 +-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+
115 These module parameters can be set from the debugfs files in:
117 /sys/module/kvm/parameters/
119 Note: that these module parameters are system wide values and are not able to
120 be tuned on a per vm basis.
125 - Care should be taken when setting the halt_poll_ns module parameter as a large value
126 has the potential to drive the cpu usage to 100% on a machine which would be almost
127 entirely idle otherwise. This is because even if a guest has wakeups during which very
128 little work is done and which are quite far apart, if the period is shorter than the
129 global max polling interval (halt_poll_ns) then the host will always poll for the
130 entire block time and thus cpu utilisation will go to 100%.
132 - Halt polling essentially presents a trade off between power usage and latency and
133 the module parameters should be used to tune the affinity for this. Idle cpu time is
134 essentially converted to host kernel time with the aim of decreasing latency when
137 - Halt polling will only be conducted by the host when no other tasks are runnable on
138 that cpu, otherwise the polling will cease immediately and schedule will be invoked to
139 allow that other task to run. Thus this doesn't allow a guest to denial of service the