1 config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
3 depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
7 depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
8 default DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_DEFAULT
9 default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
10 default FLATMEM_MANUAL
14 depends on !(ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
16 This option allows you to change some of the ways that
17 Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
18 only have one option here: FLATMEM. This is normal
21 Some users of more advanced features like NUMA and
22 memory hotplug may have different options here.
23 DISCONTIGMEM is a more mature, better tested system,
24 but is incompatible with memory hotplug and may suffer
25 decreased performance over SPARSEMEM. If unsure between
26 "Sparse Memory" and "Discontiguous Memory", choose
27 "Discontiguous Memory".
29 If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
31 config DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
32 bool "Discontiguous Memory"
33 depends on ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE
35 This option provides enhanced support for discontiguous
36 memory systems, over FLATMEM. These systems have holes
37 in their physical address spaces, and this option provides
38 more efficient handling of these holes. However, the vast
39 majority of hardware has quite flat address spaces, and
40 can have degraded performance from the extra overhead that
43 Many NUMA configurations will have this as the only option.
45 If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
47 config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
49 depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
51 This will be the only option for some systems, including
52 memory hotplug systems. This is normal.
54 For many other systems, this will be an alternative to
55 "Discontiguous Memory". This option provides some potential
56 performance benefits, along with decreased code complexity,
57 but it is newer, and more experimental.
59 If unsure, choose "Discontiguous Memory" or "Flat Memory"
66 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE) || DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
70 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
74 depends on (!DISCONTIGMEM && !SPARSEMEM) || FLATMEM_MANUAL
76 config FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
81 # Both the NUMA code and DISCONTIGMEM use arrays of pg_data_t's
82 # to represent different areas of memory. This variable allows
83 # those dependencies to exist individually.
85 config NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
87 depends on DISCONTIGMEM || NUMA
89 config HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT
91 depends on ARCH_HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT || SPARSEMEM
94 # SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
95 # allocations when memory_present() is called. If this cannot
96 # be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
97 # statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
98 # consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
100 # This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
101 # with gcc 3.4 and later.
103 config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
107 # Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
108 # must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
109 # an extremely sparse physical address space.
111 config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
113 depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
115 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
118 config SPARSEMEM_ALLOC_MEM_MAP_TOGETHER
120 depends on SPARSEMEM && X86_64
122 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
123 bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap"
124 depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
127 SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
128 pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
129 efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
134 config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
137 config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP
140 config HAVE_GENERIC_RCU_GUP
143 config ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK
149 config MEMORY_ISOLATION
153 bool "Enable to assign a node which has only movable memory"
154 depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK
155 depends on NO_BOOTMEM
160 Allow a node to have only movable memory. Pages used by the kernel,
161 such as direct mapping pages cannot be migrated. So the corresponding
162 memory device cannot be hotplugged. This option allows the following
164 - When the system is booting, node full of hotpluggable memory can
165 be arranged to have only movable memory so that the whole node can
166 be hot-removed. (need movable_node boot option specified).
167 - After the system is up, the option allows users to online all the
168 memory of a node as movable memory so that the whole node can be
171 Users who don't use the memory hotplug feature are fine with this
172 option on since they don't specify movable_node boot option or they
173 don't online memory as movable.
175 Say Y here if you want to hotplug a whole node.
176 Say N here if you want kernel to use memory on all nodes evenly.
179 # Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
180 # feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
182 config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
185 # eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
186 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG
187 bool "Allow for memory hot-add"
188 depends on SPARSEMEM || X86_64_ACPI_NUMA
189 depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
191 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
193 depends on SPARSEMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
195 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE
196 bool "Online the newly added memory blocks by default"
198 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
200 This option sets the default policy setting for memory hotplug
201 onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks) which
202 determines what happens to newly added memory regions. Policy setting
203 can always be changed at runtime.
204 See Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt for more information.
206 Say Y here if you want all hot-plugged memory blocks to appear in
207 'online' state by default.
208 Say N here if you want the default policy to keep all hot-plugged
209 memory blocks in 'offline' state.
211 config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
212 bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
213 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
214 select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
215 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
218 # Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
219 # page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
220 # space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
221 # Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
222 # ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
223 # PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
224 # DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
226 config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
228 default "999999" if !MMU
229 default "999999" if ARM && !CPU_CACHE_VIPT
230 default "999999" if PARISC && !PA20
233 config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
237 # support for memory balloon
238 config MEMORY_BALLOON
242 # support for memory balloon compaction
243 config BALLOON_COMPACTION
244 bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
246 depends on COMPACTION && MEMORY_BALLOON
248 Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
249 significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
250 used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
251 with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
252 by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
253 pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
254 scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
257 # support for memory compaction
259 bool "Allow for memory compaction"
264 Allows the compaction of memory for the allocation of huge pages.
267 # support for page migration
270 bool "Page migration"
272 depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
274 Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
275 while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
276 two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
277 to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
278 pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
279 allocation instead of reclaiming.
281 config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
284 config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
285 def_bool 64BIT || ARCH_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
288 bool "Enable bounce buffers"
290 depends on BLOCK && MMU && (ZONE_DMA || HIGHMEM)
292 Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access
293 the full range of memory available to the CPU. Enabled
294 by default when ZONE_DMA or HIGHMEM is selected, but you
295 may say n to override this.
297 # On the 'tile' arch, USB OHCI needs the bounce pool since tilegx will often
298 # have more than 4GB of memory, but we don't currently use the IOTLB to present
299 # a 32-bit address to OHCI. So we need to use a bounce pool instead.
300 config NEED_BOUNCE_POOL
302 default y if TILE && USB_OHCI_HCD
313 An architecture should select this if it implements the
314 deprecated interface virt_to_bus(). All new architectures
315 should probably not select this.
323 bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
326 Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
327 of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
328 mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
329 the many instances by a single page with that content, so
330 saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
331 Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
332 See Documentation/vm/ksm.txt for more information: KSM is inactive
333 until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
334 root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
336 config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
337 int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
341 This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
342 from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
343 can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
345 For most ia64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
346 a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
347 On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
348 Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
349 this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
350 protection by setting the value to 0.
352 This value can be changed after boot using the
353 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
355 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
358 config MEMORY_FAILURE
360 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
361 bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
362 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
365 Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
366 with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
367 even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
368 special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
370 config HWPOISON_INJECT
371 tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
372 depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
373 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
375 config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
376 int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
380 The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
381 of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
382 allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
383 more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
384 the excess and return it to the allocator.
386 If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
387 system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
388 if there are a lot of transient processes.
390 If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
391 long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
393 Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
394 (/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
395 excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
396 no trimming is to occur.
398 This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
399 of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
401 See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information.
403 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
404 bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
405 depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
407 select RADIX_TREE_MULTIORDER
409 Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
410 huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
411 This feature can improve computing performance to certain
412 applications by speeding up page faults during memory
413 allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
414 up the pagetable walking.
416 If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
419 prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
420 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
421 default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
423 Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
425 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
428 Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
429 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
430 benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
432 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
435 Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
436 performance improvement benefit to the applications using
437 madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
438 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
443 # We don't deposit page tables on file THP mapping,
444 # but Power makes use of them to address MMU quirk.
446 config TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE
448 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && !PPC
451 # UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
453 config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
459 bool "Enable cleancache driver to cache clean pages if tmem is present"
462 Cleancache can be thought of as a page-granularity victim cache
463 for clean pages that the kernel's pageframe replacement algorithm
464 (PFRA) would like to keep around, but can't since there isn't enough
465 memory. So when the PFRA "evicts" a page, it first attempts to use
466 cleancache code to put the data contained in that page into
467 "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
468 addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
469 time-varying size. And when a cleancache-enabled
470 filesystem wishes to access a page in a file on disk, it first
471 checks cleancache to see if it already contains it; if it does,
472 the page is copied into the kernel and a disk access is avoided.
473 When a transcendent memory driver is available (such as zcache or
474 Xen transcendent memory), a significant I/O reduction
475 may be achieved. When none is available, all cleancache calls
476 are reduced to a single pointer-compare-against-NULL resulting
477 in a negligible performance hit.
479 If unsure, say Y to enable cleancache
482 bool "Enable frontswap to cache swap pages if tmem is present"
486 Frontswap is so named because it can be thought of as the opposite
487 of a "backing" store for a swap device. The data is stored into
488 "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
489 addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
490 time-varying size. When space in transcendent memory is available,
491 a significant swap I/O reduction may be achieved. When none is
492 available, all frontswap calls are reduced to a single pointer-
493 compare-against-NULL resulting in a negligible performance hit
494 and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
496 If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
499 bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
500 depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK && MMU
502 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
504 This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
505 subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
506 CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
507 be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
508 pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
509 allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
514 bool "CMA debug messages (DEVELOPMENT)"
515 depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && CMA
517 Turns on debug messages in CMA. This produces KERN_DEBUG
518 messages for every CMA call as well as various messages while
519 processing calls such as dma_alloc_from_contiguous().
520 This option does not affect warning and error messages.
523 bool "CMA debugfs interface"
524 depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS
526 Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA.
529 int "Maximum count of the CMA areas"
533 CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly,
534 used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum
535 number of CMA area in the system.
537 If unsure, leave the default value "7".
539 config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
540 bool "Track memory changes"
541 depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
542 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
544 This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
545 soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
546 into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
547 it can be cleared by hands.
549 See Documentation/vm/soft-dirty.txt for more details.
552 bool "Compressed cache for swap pages (EXPERIMENTAL)"
553 depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO=y
558 A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
559 pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
560 compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
561 This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
562 in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster that swap device
563 reads, can also improve workload performance.
565 This is marked experimental because it is a new feature (as of
566 v3.11) that interacts heavily with memory reclaim. While these
567 interactions don't cause any known issues on simple memory setups,
568 they have not be fully explored on the large set of potential
569 configurations and workloads that exist.
572 tristate "Common API for compressed memory storage"
575 Compressed memory storage API. This allows using either zbud or
579 tristate "Low (Up to 2x) density storage for compressed pages"
582 A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
583 It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical
584 page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and
585 deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher
586 density approach when reclaim will be used.
589 tristate "Up to 3x density storage for compressed pages"
593 A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
594 It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical
595 page. It is a ZBUD derivative so the simplicity and determinism are
599 tristate "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
603 zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
604 compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses virtual memory mapping
605 in order to reduce fragmentation. However, this results in a
606 non-standard allocator interface where a handle, not a pointer, is
607 returned by an alloc(). This handle must be mapped in order to
608 access the allocated space.
610 config PGTABLE_MAPPING
611 bool "Use page table mapping to access object in zsmalloc"
614 By default, zsmalloc uses a copy-based object mapping method to
615 access allocations that span two pages. However, if a particular
616 architecture (ex, ARM) performs VM mapping faster than copying,
617 then you should select this. This causes zsmalloc to use page table
618 mapping rather than copying for object mapping.
620 You can check speed with zsmalloc benchmark:
621 https://github.com/spartacus06/zsmapbench
624 bool "Export zsmalloc statistics"
628 This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various
629 statistics about whats happening in zsmalloc and exports that
630 information to userspace via debugfs.
633 config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP
636 config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
637 int "Maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
641 depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
643 This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
644 user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
645 and metag arch). The stack will be located at the highest memory
646 address minus the given value, unless the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is
647 changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
649 A sane initial value is 80 MB.
651 # For architectures that support deferred memory initialisation
652 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
655 config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
656 bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads"
658 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
659 depends on NO_BOOTMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
662 Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a
663 single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable
664 amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up
665 a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel
666 by starting one-off "pgdatinitX" kernel thread for each node X. This
667 has a potential performance impact on processes running early in the
668 lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the
671 config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
672 bool "Enable idle page tracking"
673 depends on SYSFS && MMU
674 select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
676 This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
677 not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
678 be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
679 within a compute cluster.
681 See Documentation/vm/idle_page_tracking.txt for more details.
684 bool "Device memory (pmem, etc...) hotplug support"
685 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
686 depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
687 depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
688 depends on X86_64 #arch_add_memory() comprehends device memory
691 Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem,
692 or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the
693 memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise
694 "device-physical" addresses which is needed for using a DAX
695 mapping in an O_DIRECT operation, among other things.
697 If FS_DAX is enabled, then say Y.
702 config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
704 config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS