1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
5 * Copyright (C) 1995-2009 Russell King
6 * Fragments that appear the same as linux/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c (C) Linus Torvalds
8 * 'traps.c' handles hardware exceptions after we have saved some state in
9 * 'linux/arch/arm/lib/traps.S'. Mostly a debugging aid, but will probably
10 * kill the offending process.
12 #include <linux/signal.h>
13 #include <linux/personality.h>
14 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
16 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
17 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
18 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
19 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/kexec.h>
22 #include <linux/bug.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
26 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
27 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
28 #include <linux/irq.h>
30 #include <linux/atomic.h>
31 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
32 #include <asm/exception.h>
33 #include <asm/unistd.h>
34 #include <asm/traps.h>
35 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
36 #include <asm/unwind.h>
38 #include <asm/system_misc.h>
39 #include <asm/opcodes.h>
42 static const char *handler
[]= {
47 "undefined instruction",
52 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
53 unsigned int user_debug
;
55 static int __init
user_debug_setup(char *str
)
57 get_option(&str
, &user_debug
);
60 __setup("user_debug=", user_debug_setup
);
63 static void dump_mem(const char *, const char *, unsigned long, unsigned long);
65 void dump_backtrace_entry(unsigned long where
, unsigned long from
,
66 unsigned long frame
, const char *loglvl
)
68 unsigned long end
= frame
+ 4 + sizeof(struct pt_regs
);
70 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
71 printk("%s[<%08lx>] (%ps) from [<%08lx>] (%pS)\n",
72 loglvl
, where
, (void *)where
, from
, (void *)from
);
74 printk("%sFunction entered at [<%08lx>] from [<%08lx>]\n",
78 if (in_entry_text(from
) && end
<= ALIGN(frame
, THREAD_SIZE
))
79 dump_mem(loglvl
, "Exception stack", frame
+ 4, end
);
82 void dump_backtrace_stm(u32
*stack
, u32 instruction
, const char *loglvl
)
88 for (reg
= 10, x
= 0, p
= str
; reg
>= 0; reg
--) {
89 if (instruction
& BIT(reg
)) {
90 p
+= sprintf(p
, " r%d:%08x", reg
, *stack
--);
94 printk("%s%s\n", loglvl
, str
);
99 printk("%s%s\n", loglvl
, str
);
102 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_UNWIND
104 * Stack pointers should always be within the kernels view of
105 * physical memory. If it is not there, then we can't dump
106 * out any information relating to the stack.
108 static int verify_stack(unsigned long sp
)
110 if (sp
< PAGE_OFFSET
||
111 (sp
> (unsigned long)high_memory
&& high_memory
!= NULL
))
119 * Dump out the contents of some memory nicely...
121 static void dump_mem(const char *lvl
, const char *str
, unsigned long bottom
,
129 * We need to switch to kernel mode so that we can use __get_user
130 * to safely read from kernel space. Note that we now dump the
131 * code first, just in case the backtrace kills us.
136 printk("%s%s(0x%08lx to 0x%08lx)\n", lvl
, str
, bottom
, top
);
138 for (first
= bottom
& ~31; first
< top
; first
+= 32) {
140 char str
[sizeof(" 12345678") * 8 + 1];
142 memset(str
, ' ', sizeof(str
));
143 str
[sizeof(str
) - 1] = '\0';
145 for (p
= first
, i
= 0; i
< 8 && p
< top
; i
++, p
+= 4) {
146 if (p
>= bottom
&& p
< top
) {
148 if (__get_user(val
, (unsigned long *)p
) == 0)
149 sprintf(str
+ i
* 9, " %08lx", val
);
151 sprintf(str
+ i
* 9, " ????????");
154 printk("%s%04lx:%s\n", lvl
, first
& 0xffff, str
);
160 static void __dump_instr(const char *lvl
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
162 unsigned long addr
= instruction_pointer(regs
);
163 const int thumb
= thumb_mode(regs
);
164 const int width
= thumb
? 4 : 8;
165 char str
[sizeof("00000000 ") * 5 + 2 + 1], *p
= str
;
169 * Note that we now dump the code first, just in case the backtrace
173 for (i
= -4; i
< 1 + !!thumb
; i
++) {
174 unsigned int val
, bad
;
177 bad
= get_user(val
, &((u16
*)addr
)[i
]);
179 bad
= get_user(val
, &((u32
*)addr
)[i
]);
182 p
+= sprintf(p
, i
== 0 ? "(%0*x) " : "%0*x ",
185 p
+= sprintf(p
, "bad PC value");
189 printk("%sCode: %s\n", lvl
, str
);
192 static void dump_instr(const char *lvl
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
196 if (!user_mode(regs
)) {
199 __dump_instr(lvl
, regs
);
202 __dump_instr(lvl
, regs
);
206 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_UNWIND
207 static inline void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs
*regs
, struct task_struct
*tsk
,
210 unwind_backtrace(regs
, tsk
, loglvl
);
213 static void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs
*regs
, struct task_struct
*tsk
,
216 unsigned int fp
, mode
;
219 printk("%sBacktrace: ", loglvl
);
225 fp
= frame_pointer(regs
);
226 mode
= processor_mode(regs
);
227 } else if (tsk
!= current
) {
228 fp
= thread_saved_fp(tsk
);
231 asm("mov %0, fp" : "=r" (fp
) : : "cc");
236 pr_cont("no frame pointer");
238 } else if (verify_stack(fp
)) {
239 pr_cont("invalid frame pointer 0x%08x", fp
);
241 } else if (fp
< (unsigned long)end_of_stack(tsk
))
242 pr_cont("frame pointer underflow");
246 c_backtrace(fp
, mode
, loglvl
);
250 void show_stack(struct task_struct
*tsk
, unsigned long *sp
, const char *loglvl
)
252 dump_backtrace(NULL
, tsk
, loglvl
);
256 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
257 #define S_PREEMPT " PREEMPT"
258 #elif defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)
259 #define S_PREEMPT " PREEMPT_RT"
268 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
269 #define S_ISA " THUMB2"
274 static int __die(const char *str
, int err
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
276 struct task_struct
*tsk
= current
;
277 static int die_counter
;
280 pr_emerg("Internal error: %s: %x [#%d]" S_PREEMPT S_SMP S_ISA
"\n",
281 str
, err
, ++die_counter
);
283 /* trap and error numbers are mostly meaningless on ARM */
284 ret
= notify_die(DIE_OOPS
, str
, regs
, err
, tsk
->thread
.trap_no
, SIGSEGV
);
285 if (ret
== NOTIFY_STOP
)
290 pr_emerg("Process %.*s (pid: %d, stack limit = 0x%p)\n",
291 TASK_COMM_LEN
, tsk
->comm
, task_pid_nr(tsk
), end_of_stack(tsk
));
293 if (!user_mode(regs
) || in_interrupt()) {
294 dump_mem(KERN_EMERG
, "Stack: ", regs
->ARM_sp
,
295 THREAD_SIZE
+ (unsigned long)task_stack_page(tsk
));
296 dump_backtrace(regs
, tsk
, KERN_EMERG
);
297 dump_instr(KERN_EMERG
, regs
);
303 static arch_spinlock_t die_lock
= __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED
;
304 static int die_owner
= -1;
305 static unsigned int die_nest_count
;
307 static unsigned long oops_begin(void)
314 /* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
315 raw_local_irq_save(flags
);
316 cpu
= smp_processor_id();
317 if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock
)) {
318 if (cpu
== die_owner
)
319 /* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
321 arch_spin_lock(&die_lock
);
330 static void oops_end(unsigned long flags
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int signr
)
332 if (regs
&& kexec_should_crash(current
))
337 add_taint(TAINT_DIE
, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
);
340 /* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
341 arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock
);
342 raw_local_irq_restore(flags
);
346 panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
348 panic("Fatal exception");
354 * This function is protected against re-entrancy.
356 void die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int err
)
358 enum bug_trap_type bug_type
= BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE
;
359 unsigned long flags
= oops_begin();
362 if (!user_mode(regs
))
363 bug_type
= report_bug(regs
->ARM_pc
, regs
);
364 if (bug_type
!= BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE
)
367 if (__die(str
, err
, regs
))
370 oops_end(flags
, regs
, sig
);
373 void arm_notify_die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
,
374 int signo
, int si_code
, void __user
*addr
,
375 unsigned long err
, unsigned long trap
)
377 if (user_mode(regs
)) {
378 current
->thread
.error_code
= err
;
379 current
->thread
.trap_no
= trap
;
381 force_sig_fault(signo
, si_code
, addr
);
387 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG
389 int is_valid_bugaddr(unsigned long pc
)
391 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
393 u16 insn
= __opcode_to_mem_thumb16(BUG_INSTR_VALUE
);
396 u32 insn
= __opcode_to_mem_arm(BUG_INSTR_VALUE
);
399 if (get_kernel_nofault(bkpt
, (void *)pc
))
407 static LIST_HEAD(undef_hook
);
408 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(undef_lock
);
410 void register_undef_hook(struct undef_hook
*hook
)
414 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
415 list_add(&hook
->node
, &undef_hook
);
416 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
419 void unregister_undef_hook(struct undef_hook
*hook
)
423 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
424 list_del(&hook
->node
);
425 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
428 static nokprobe_inline
429 int call_undef_hook(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
)
431 struct undef_hook
*hook
;
433 int (*fn
)(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
) = NULL
;
435 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
436 list_for_each_entry(hook
, &undef_hook
, node
)
437 if ((instr
& hook
->instr_mask
) == hook
->instr_val
&&
438 (regs
->ARM_cpsr
& hook
->cpsr_mask
) == hook
->cpsr_val
)
440 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
442 return fn
? fn(regs
, instr
) : 1;
445 asmlinkage
void do_undefinstr(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
450 pc
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
);
452 if (processor_mode(regs
) == SVC_MODE
) {
453 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
454 if (thumb_mode(regs
)) {
455 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(((u16
*)pc
)[0]);
456 if (is_wide_instruction(instr
)) {
458 inst2
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(((u16
*)pc
)[1]);
459 instr
= __opcode_thumb32_compose(instr
, inst2
);
463 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_arm(*(u32
*) pc
);
464 } else if (thumb_mode(regs
)) {
465 if (get_user(instr
, (u16 __user
*)pc
))
467 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(instr
);
468 if (is_wide_instruction(instr
)) {
470 if (get_user(instr2
, (u16 __user
*)pc
+1))
472 instr2
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(instr2
);
473 instr
= __opcode_thumb32_compose(instr
, instr2
);
476 if (get_user(instr
, (u32 __user
*)pc
))
478 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_arm(instr
);
481 if (call_undef_hook(regs
, instr
) == 0)
485 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
486 if (user_debug
& UDBG_UNDEFINED
) {
487 pr_info("%s (%d): undefined instruction: pc=%p\n",
488 current
->comm
, task_pid_nr(current
), pc
);
490 dump_instr(KERN_INFO
, regs
);
493 arm_notify_die("Oops - undefined instruction", regs
,
494 SIGILL
, ILL_ILLOPC
, pc
, 0, 6);
496 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_undefinstr
)
499 * Handle FIQ similarly to NMI on x86 systems.
501 * The runtime environment for NMIs is extremely restrictive
502 * (NMIs can pre-empt critical sections meaning almost all locking is
503 * forbidden) meaning this default FIQ handling must only be used in
504 * circumstances where non-maskability improves robustness, such as
505 * watchdog or debug logic.
507 * This handler is not appropriate for general purpose use in drivers
508 * platform code and can be overrideen using set_fiq_handler.
510 asmlinkage
void __exception_irq_entry
handle_fiq_as_nmi(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
512 struct pt_regs
*old_regs
= set_irq_regs(regs
);
516 /* nop. FIQ handlers for special arch/arm features can be added here. */
520 set_irq_regs(old_regs
);
524 * bad_mode handles the impossible case in the vectors. If you see one of
525 * these, then it's extremely serious, and could mean you have buggy hardware.
526 * It never returns, and never tries to sync. We hope that we can at least
527 * dump out some state information...
529 asmlinkage
void bad_mode(struct pt_regs
*regs
, int reason
)
533 pr_crit("Bad mode in %s handler detected\n", handler
[reason
]);
535 die("Oops - bad mode", regs
, 0);
540 static int bad_syscall(int n
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
542 if ((current
->personality
& PER_MASK
) != PER_LINUX
) {
543 send_sig(SIGSEGV
, current
, 1);
547 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
548 if (user_debug
& UDBG_SYSCALL
) {
549 pr_err("[%d] %s: obsolete system call %08x.\n",
550 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, n
);
551 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
555 arm_notify_die("Oops - bad syscall", regs
, SIGILL
, ILL_ILLTRP
,
556 (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
) -
557 (thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4),
564 __do_cache_op(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
569 unsigned long chunk
= min(PAGE_SIZE
, end
- start
);
571 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
))
574 ret
= flush_icache_user_range(start
, start
+ chunk
);
580 } while (start
< end
);
586 do_cache_op(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, int flags
)
588 if (end
< start
|| flags
)
591 if (!access_ok(start
, end
- start
))
594 return __do_cache_op(start
, end
);
598 * Handle all unrecognised system calls.
599 * 0x9f0000 - 0x9fffff are some more esoteric system calls
601 #define NR(x) ((__ARM_NR_##x) - __ARM_NR_BASE)
602 asmlinkage
int arm_syscall(int no
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
604 if ((no
>> 16) != (__ARM_NR_BASE
>> 16))
605 return bad_syscall(no
, regs
);
607 switch (no
& 0xffff) {
608 case 0: /* branch through 0 */
609 arm_notify_die("branch through zero", regs
,
610 SIGSEGV
, SEGV_MAPERR
, NULL
, 0, 0);
613 case NR(breakpoint
): /* SWI BREAK_POINT */
614 regs
->ARM_pc
-= thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4;
619 * Flush a region from virtual address 'r0' to virtual address 'r1'
620 * _exclusive_. There is no alignment requirement on either address;
621 * user space does not need to know the hardware cache layout.
623 * r2 contains flags. It should ALWAYS be passed as ZERO until it
624 * is defined to be something else. For now we ignore it, but may
625 * the fires of hell burn in your belly if you break this rule. ;)
627 * (at a later date, we may want to allow this call to not flush
628 * various aspects of the cache. Passing '0' will guarantee that
629 * everything necessary gets flushed to maintain consistency in
630 * the specified region).
633 return do_cache_op(regs
->ARM_r0
, regs
->ARM_r1
, regs
->ARM_r2
);
636 if (!(elf_hwcap
& HWCAP_26BIT
))
638 regs
->ARM_cpsr
&= ~MODE32_BIT
;
642 if (!(elf_hwcap
& HWCAP_26BIT
))
644 regs
->ARM_cpsr
|= MODE32_BIT
;
648 set_tls(regs
->ARM_r0
);
652 return current_thread_info()->tp_value
[0];
655 /* Calls 9f00xx..9f07ff are defined to return -ENOSYS
656 if not implemented, rather than raising SIGILL. This
657 way the calling program can gracefully determine whether
658 a feature is supported. */
659 if ((no
& 0xffff) <= 0x7ff)
663 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
665 * experience shows that these seem to indicate that
666 * something catastrophic has happened
668 if (user_debug
& UDBG_SYSCALL
) {
669 pr_err("[%d] %s: arm syscall %d\n",
670 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, no
);
671 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
672 if (user_mode(regs
)) {
674 c_backtrace(frame_pointer(regs
), processor_mode(regs
), KERN_ERR
);
678 arm_notify_die("Oops - bad syscall(2)", regs
, SIGILL
, ILL_ILLTRP
,
679 (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
) -
680 (thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4),
685 #ifdef CONFIG_TLS_REG_EMUL
688 * We might be running on an ARMv6+ processor which should have the TLS
689 * register but for some reason we can't use it, or maybe an SMP system
690 * using a pre-ARMv6 processor (there are apparently a few prototypes like
691 * that in existence) and therefore access to that register must be
695 static int get_tp_trap(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
)
697 int reg
= (instr
>> 12) & 15;
700 regs
->uregs
[reg
] = current_thread_info()->tp_value
[0];
705 static struct undef_hook arm_mrc_hook
= {
706 .instr_mask
= 0x0fff0fff,
707 .instr_val
= 0x0e1d0f70,
708 .cpsr_mask
= PSR_T_BIT
,
713 static int __init
arm_mrc_hook_init(void)
715 register_undef_hook(&arm_mrc_hook
);
719 late_initcall(arm_mrc_hook_init
);
724 * A data abort trap was taken, but we did not handle the instruction.
725 * Try to abort the user program, or panic if it was the kernel.
728 baddataabort(int code
, unsigned long instr
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
730 unsigned long addr
= instruction_pointer(regs
);
732 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
733 if (user_debug
& UDBG_BADABORT
) {
734 pr_err("8<--- cut here ---\n");
735 pr_err("[%d] %s: bad data abort: code %d instr 0x%08lx\n",
736 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, code
, instr
);
737 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
738 show_pte(KERN_ERR
, current
->mm
, addr
);
742 arm_notify_die("unknown data abort code", regs
,
743 SIGILL
, ILL_ILLOPC
, (void __user
*)addr
, instr
, 0);
746 void __readwrite_bug(const char *fn
)
748 pr_err("%s called, but not implemented\n", fn
);
751 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__readwrite_bug
);
753 void __pte_error(const char *file
, int line
, pte_t pte
)
755 pr_err("%s:%d: bad pte %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pte_val(pte
));
758 void __pmd_error(const char *file
, int line
, pmd_t pmd
)
760 pr_err("%s:%d: bad pmd %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pmd_val(pmd
));
763 void __pgd_error(const char *file
, int line
, pgd_t pgd
)
765 pr_err("%s:%d: bad pgd %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pgd_val(pgd
));
768 asmlinkage
void __div0(void)
770 pr_err("Division by zero in kernel.\n");
773 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__div0
);
779 /* if that doesn't kill us, halt */
780 panic("Oops failed to kill thread");
783 void __init
trap_init(void)
788 #ifdef CONFIG_KUSER_HELPERS
789 static void __init
kuser_init(void *vectors
)
791 extern char __kuser_helper_start
[], __kuser_helper_end
[];
792 int kuser_sz
= __kuser_helper_end
- __kuser_helper_start
;
794 memcpy(vectors
+ 0x1000 - kuser_sz
, __kuser_helper_start
, kuser_sz
);
797 * vectors + 0xfe0 = __kuser_get_tls
798 * vectors + 0xfe8 = hardware TLS instruction at 0xffff0fe8
800 if (tls_emu
|| has_tls_reg
)
801 memcpy(vectors
+ 0xfe0, vectors
+ 0xfe8, 4);
804 static inline void __init
kuser_init(void *vectors
)
809 void __init
early_trap_init(void *vectors_base
)
811 #ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
812 unsigned long vectors
= (unsigned long)vectors_base
;
813 extern char __stubs_start
[], __stubs_end
[];
814 extern char __vectors_start
[], __vectors_end
[];
817 vectors_page
= vectors_base
;
820 * Poison the vectors page with an undefined instruction. This
821 * instruction is chosen to be undefined for both ARM and Thumb
822 * ISAs. The Thumb version is an undefined instruction with a
823 * branch back to the undefined instruction.
825 for (i
= 0; i
< PAGE_SIZE
/ sizeof(u32
); i
++)
826 ((u32
*)vectors_base
)[i
] = 0xe7fddef1;
829 * Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
830 * into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
831 * are visible to the instruction stream.
833 memcpy((void *)vectors
, __vectors_start
, __vectors_end
- __vectors_start
);
834 memcpy((void *)vectors
+ 0x1000, __stubs_start
, __stubs_end
- __stubs_start
);
836 kuser_init(vectors_base
);
838 flush_icache_range(vectors
, vectors
+ PAGE_SIZE
* 2);
839 #else /* ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M */
841 * on V7-M there is no need to copy the vector table to a dedicated
842 * memory area. The address is configurable and so a table in the kernel